Janet Rowley RIP
Dear friends of women in science,
Janet Rowley's obituary was published in an article by Margalit Fox in The New York Times on Dec 20, 2013. At 88, Dr. Rowley was at Univeristy of Chicago and had been appointed the Blum-Riese distinguished service professor of medicine, molecular genetics and cell biology, and human genetics.She was a remarkable scientist in many ways.
If you ask a random geneticist who connected cancer and genes, you will probably hear about Bruce Ames, who parlayed his careful analysis of types of mutation in Salmonella, a bacterium related to Escherichia coli, into knowledge that carcinogenic compounds caused specific kinds of DNA mutations. But Janet Rowley made major contributions to this connection, one which underlies much of our understanding of cancer today. She discovered three important leukemias that are thought to be caused by mutations. She learned how to distinguish human chromosomes by Giemsa staining patterns when the technicque had just been discoverted. When she applied it to keukemia cells, she found a surprise. Particular types of leukemia were associated with particular chromosome translocations,that is rearranged chromosomes resulting from breaking and rejoining inaccuracies. One of these, causing Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, involved the famous Philadephia Chromosome. The resulting CML is currently is being treated successfully with Gleevac.
Fox noted in her article that in 1972,Rowley had cut out and sorted the photos of stained chormosomes at home where her four children called them paper dolls. All of the chromosome sets from the Acute Myelogenic Leukemia patients that she had brought home had the same odd chromosome made by fusing parts of other chromosomes. She was sure other scientists would have discovered this translocated chromosome in AML patients before, but when she looked for the literature on it, "They hadn't," Dr. Rowley told The Associated Press in 1988. "It was one of the greatest moments of my life."
Rowley, then Janet Davison, had gone to college at University of Chicago at only 15. She also received her MD from University of Chicago, although she had to wait to begin her training for a year after she was accepted. They had a limit of three women per class and they had already accpted three that year. The article said that she "The prospect of a research career, Dr. Rowley later said, did not occur to her.
'I actually thought I had it made working three days a week,' she said in a 2009 interview. 'I could take care of my children, garden, weave and go to museums.'"I quote that, not to make her look bad, as some of you have said when I quoted similar things from great women of science before, but to remind us all of how hard it used to be for women to even see themselves as scientists. Luckily for genetics, she overcome the restrictions society had sought to impose on her career.
Dr. Rowley was recognized with many prizes, including the Lasker Award and the National Medal of Science, awarded by President Clinton. She also received the Medal of Freedom from President Obama.
Share any memories of her you may have and any times when reading about Janet Rowley inspired you.
cheers,
Laura
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Laura-
I had heard of her but I didn't really know she had started all the breakthroughs in association of blood cancers with chromosomal aberrations. Thanks for posting this! She'll be on my syllabus now.
LKR
Hi Laura---
Yes, back in the 80's, I loved to assign info about genetic abnormalities like the Philadelphia Chromosome to my genetics students and have them come back surprised that a woman was head of the team studying that! She stuck to her guns, although at first people laughed at her findings, and eventually convinced the world that cancer IS genetic. Thanks to you, Janet Rowley!
SSW
