Featured
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Clinical Outlook |
Metabolic alliance: pharmacotherapy and exercise management of obesity
Anti-obesity medications based on incretin hormones have advanced weight control and metabolic health in individuals with obesity. The long-term success of obesity therapeutics could be facilitated by exercise, a vital metabolic ally in enhancing treatment efficacy.
- Javier Butragueño
- & Jonatan R. Ruiz
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Comment |
Prediabetes remission for type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention
Current guidelines for the delay and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus recommend for people with prediabetes to lose at least 7% of their body weight. Here, we advocate to use glycaemic remission as a goal of prevention in people with prediabetes and those who are at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- & Viswanathan Mohan
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Research Highlight |
Obesity dysregulates a pituitary–liver axis through disruption of the unfolded protein response
- Shimona Starling
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Review Article |
Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are well known as mediators of the antiviral response but there is growing appreciation of their role in metabolism. This Review discusses the current understanding of IRFs as metabolic regulators, with a particular focus on IRF3 and IRF4.
- Zunair Ahmad
- , Wahab Kahloan
- & Evan D. Rosen
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Review Article |
AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma?
This Review discusses the role of AMPK in cancer cachexia and metabolic dysfunction, including discussion of how targeting AMPK might be an option to preserve muscle and adipose tissue mass.
- Henning Tim Langer
- , Maria Rohm
- & Lykke Sylow
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Comment |
Hearing abnormalities in patients treated with teprotumumab
The introduction of teprotumumab for the treatment of thyroid eye disease has dramatically improved management of this life-changing condition; however, clinical trials and experience in the clinic have revealed associated hearing abnormalities.
- Jason A. Brant
- , Don O. Kikkawa
- & Terry J. Smith
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Comment |
A congress on head and neck paragangliomas: advancing clinical care
The First International Congress on Head and Neck Paragangliomas in 2023 launched a global initiative directed towards improving the management of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs), including prevention, treatment and research. The Congress highlighted a lack of international evidence-based consensuses and guidelines for HNPGLs. The Congress will now convene triennially to foster personalized medicine and research to advance patient care.
- Mario Sanna
- , Karel Pacak
- & Renato Mariani-Costantini
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Review Article |
Arginine vasopressin deficiency: diagnosis, management and the relevance of oxytocin deficiency
Central diabetes insipidus has been renamed as arginine vasopressin deficiency. This Review discusses advances in diagnosis and management of arginine vasopressin deficiency. In addition, the possibility of oxytocin deficiency in these patients is considered, as well as oxytocin provocation testing and the future therapeutic potential of oxytocin replacement.
- Cihan Atila
- , Julie Refardt
- & Mirjam Christ-Crain
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Comment |
Optimizing the treatment of hypothyroidism
Daily levothyroxine (LT4) is the standard of care for the treatment of hypothyroidism; however, a small number of patients experience residual symptoms of hypothyroidism. Guidelines indicate that a trial with LT4 and liothyronine (LT3) could be attempted once other conditions have been addressed or excluded. Even so, currently, treatment of hypothyroidism can still be suboptimal.
- Antonio C. Bianco
- & Peter N. Taylor
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Research Highlight |
A novel system for non-invasive measurement of blood levels of glucose
- Olivia Tysoe
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Review Article |
Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
This article reviews advances in incretin-based pharmacotherapy, including the latest glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), ‘GLP1 plus’ agents, which combine the benefits of these agonists with the activity of additional hormones, and oral GLP1RAs, which promise to extend the benefits of GLP1 therapy.
- Saleem Ansari
- , Bernard Khoo
- & Tricia Tan
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Perspective |
Continuous glucose monitoring for the routine care of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an effective tool in the management of diabetes mellitus. This Perspective discusses the potential benefits of widespread adoption of CGM in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different stages of disease progression and treatment intensification.
- Ramzi A. Ajjan
- , Tadej Battelino
- & Samuel Seidu
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Research Highlight |
Metformin acts through appetite-suppressing metabolite: Lac-Phe
- Shimona Starling
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Review Article |
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in metabolic diseases and drug development
This Review summarizes cellular processes and regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), discussing evidence from in vivo preclinical and human studies. PTP1B inhibitors, which are being developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, rare diseases (such as Rett syndrome) and some cancers, are also discussed.
- Mirela Delibegović
- , Sergio Dall’Angelo
- & Ruta Dekeryte
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Correspondence |
Slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in type 1 diabetes endotype 2
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- & Takashi Kadowaki
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Correspondence |
Reply to ‘Slowly progressive insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in type 1 diabetes endotype 2’
- Maria J. Redondo
- & Noel G. Morgan
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Review Article |
Endocrine and cellular physiology and pathology of the insulin-like growth factor acid-labile subunit
The acid-labile subunit (ALS) of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein complex regulates the endocrine transport and bioavailability of IGF-1 and IGF-2 and therefore influences postnatal growth and metabolism. This Review addresses the endocrine physiology and pathology of ALS, discusses the emerging cellular roles for ALS and outlines its involvement in disease states.
- Robert C. Baxter
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Correspondence |
Tumour fibrosis in dopamine agonist-exposed prolactinomas is a diminishing concern
- Sunita M. C. De Sousa
- , Alistair K. Jukes
- & Stephen Santoreneos
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Correspondence |
Reply to ‘Tumour fibrosis in dopamine agonist-exposed prolactinomas is a diminishing concern’
- Stephan Petersenn
- , Maria Fleseriu
- & Shlomo Melmed
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Review Article |
Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ, with bone formation and maintenance relying on highly anabolic, nutrient-consuming processes. Here, the authors describe the current understanding of fuel selection and intermediary metabolic pathways in bone cells during bone formation and discuss how metabolic dysfunction can contribute to skeletal disease.
- Steve Stegen
- & Geert Carmeliet
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Comment |
Thyroid-function reference ranges in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in adults
Applying a uniform reference range across all adults for serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones makes establishing a diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction challenging and could lead to potentially unnecessary treatment. For the results of thyroid function tests to be meaningful, the reference ranges should reflect individual variation in thyroid function.
- Salman Razvi
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Review Article |
Cryo-electron microscopy for GPCR research and drug discovery in endocrinology and metabolism
This Review highlights how cryo-electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) functions. Specific examples are outlined that provide insights into GPCR biology and drug discovery in endocrinology and metabolism.
- Jia Duan
- , Xin-Heng He
- & H. Eric Xu
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Journal Club |
An historical step in our understanding of hypothalamic oestrogen feedback
- Erik Hrabovszky
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Comment |
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a threat to hormone health: a commentary on behalf of the ESE
The European Society of Endocrinology (ESE), representing 20,000 endocrinologists, is concerned about the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on endocrine health, particularly thyroid and gonadal function. The policy strategies of the ESE aim to minimize overall exposure of humans to EDCs and to stimulate funding for research at the level of the European Union.
- Martin Reincke
- , Wiebke Arlt
- & Jerome Bertherat
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Journal Club |
Beyond the ovary: rewiring our perspective on polycystic ovary syndrome
- Rebecca E. Campbell
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Review Article |
Obesity and the kidney: mechanistic links and therapeutic advances
The current increasing rates of obesity are paralleled by a rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease. This Review outlines the potential mechanisms by which obesity might influence kidney function, but also presents evidence for the regulation of body weight by the kidney.
- Kevin Yau
- , Rachel Kuah
- & Tony K. T. Lam
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Review Article |
Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19
COVID-19 has been linked to an increase in thyroid dysfunction among current and past patients. This Review discusses and evaluates the evidence for COVID-19 causing thyroid dysfunction, including after COVID-19 vaccination and during long COVID.
- David Tak Wai Lui
- , Chi Ho Lee
- & Karen Siu Ling Lam
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Consensus Statement |
Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: Part 1, general recommendations
Evidence and guidance for the care of pituitary adenomas in children and adolescents is currently lacking. Part 1 of this two-part consensus guideline presents 17 general recommendations for diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in children and young people under 19 years of age.
- Márta Korbonits
- , Joanne C. Blair
- & Helen A. Spoudeas
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Review Article |
Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview
Sarcopenic obesity is a growing clinical problem because of ageing populations and the increasing prevalence of obesity. This Review highlights the new consensus definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity, and provides an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical outcomes, and management of this syndrome.
- Carla M. Prado
- , John A. Batsis
- & Mario Siervo
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Comment |
Seeing through the fog: a neuroendocrine explanation for post-COVID cognitive deficits
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is implicated in cognitive functions, and its loss is a factor in pathological brain ageing. There are similarities between these processes and the neurological and cognitive deficits observed in patients with long COVID. Here, we explore the hypothesis that neuroanatomical and transcriptomic alterations associated with long COVID could stem from this neuroendocrine perturbation.
- S. Rasika
- , Ruben Nogueiras
- & Vincent Prevot
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Review Article |
Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency in adults
Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency (IAI) is the most common form of adrenal insufficiency in adult patients. This comprehensive Review aims to aid clinicians in identifying who is at risk of IAI, how to approach screening of at-risk populations and how to treat patients with IAI.
- Julie Martin-Grace
- , Maria Tomkins
- & Mark Sherlock
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Correspondence |
The shift of therapeutic strategy for prolactinomas: surgery as the first-line option
- Zhe Bao Wu
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Correspondence |
Reply to ‘The shift of therapeutic strategy for prolactinomas: surgery as the first-line option’
- Stephan Petersenn
- , Maria Fleseriu
- & Shlomo Melmed
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Viewpoint |
A view on vitamin D: a pleiotropic factor?
Vitamin D is precursor of the steroid hormone calcitriol and has important functions throughout the body, including increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with a range of disorders, including several bone diseases. However, large trials of vitamin D supplementation have produced mixed results. Here, experts from around the world discuss several key questions in the vitamin D research and clinical fields.
- Andrea Giustina
- , Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- & Inez Schoenmakers
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Review Article |
mTORC1 in energy expenditure: consequences for obesity
The protein complex mTORC1 is a key regulator of cellular metabolism in response to energy availability. This Review discusses the role of mTORC1 in regulating energy expenditure and the implications for the development and treatment of obesity.
- Camille Allard
- , Cristina Miralpeix
- & Daniela Cota
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Viewpoint |
Organoids in endocrine and metabolic research: current and emerging applications
Organoid technologies are a potent tool for investigating human biology, modelling diseases and developing novel therapies. In this Viewpoint, experts in metabolic and endocrine research in the brain, pituitary, skeletal muscle, bone and gastrointestinal system discuss how organoids and related bioengineered systems are currently used in their field and how innovations in these technologies could transform future research.
- Penney M. Gilbert
- , Sandra Hofmann
- & James M. Wells
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Review Article |
Luteal phase support in assisted reproductive technology
This Review describes the luteal phase of natural menstrual cycles and in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The authors highlight the need for luteal phase support during IVF, outlining various luteal phase support regimens, mechanisms for luteal phase deficiency and potential biomarkers of endometrial receptivity.
- Akanksha Garg
- , Agata P. Zielinska
- & Ali Abbara
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Research Highlight |
Deciphering the role of leptin in weight gain associated with anti-psychotic medications
- Claire Greenhill
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Year in Review |
A pivotal year for NAFLD and NASH therapeutics
The metabolic dysfunction that characterizes obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus affects not only the heart and kidneys, but also the liver. Although lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone in the management of metabolic liver diseases, the field has progressed this year, with a new definition, validation of non-invasive biomarkers and numerous clinical trials.
- Jean-François Dufour
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Consensus Statement |
Management of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in patients with germline SDHB pathogenic variants: an international expert Consensus statement
The management of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma associated with pathogenic variants in SDHB can be challenging. This Consensus statement aims to provide a guide for the clinical decision-making process in these patients.
- David Taïeb
- , Svenja Nölting
- & Karel Pacak
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Year in Review |
Advances in incretin-based therapeutics for obesity
The year 2023 brought reports of highly effective glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mono-agonists or combinations with amylin receptor agonists. Results for monomolecular co-agonists that added glucagon receptor and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonism to GLP1 receptor activation were also published in 2023. Interestingly, antagonistic GIP receptor antibodies conjugated with a GLP1 agonist were also shown to be effective.
- Mette M. Rosenkilde
Diabetes mellitus in patients with acromegaly: pathophysiology, clinical challenges and management
The role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic health
Sex differences in diabetic kidney disease explained
Scrutinizing the effect of BPS on adipose tissue