When DNA is misplaced inside cells, the cGAS–STING molecular system triggers inflammation. It emerges that stimulation of this mechanism in microglial cells of the brain during ageing contributes to cognitive decline.

A telecommunications fibre cable was used to capture signals of seismic activity during a moderate-sized earthquake in California in 2021. The signals revealed sources of high-frequency seismic activity and, together with simulations, suggest that these sources arise from breaks in asperities: patches where friction usually locks two sides of a fault together.

The protein netrin-1 is involved in embryonic development and is upregulated in various cancers, including endometrial cancer. In mouse models and a first-in-human trial, blocking netrin-1 with a humanized monoclonal antibody, NP137, prevents a cellular change called the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and inhibits tumour growth.

High-quality reference genomes of einkorn wheat, the world’s first domesticated crop, have now been sequenced. The contiguous wheat genome assemblies include gap-free centromeres (parts of the chromosome that are crucial for cell division). The genomes shed light on the evolution of einkorn wheat and provide opportunities for improving wheat and other cereals.