Review Articles

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  • Ageing and senescence are major risk factors for liver disease development. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of hepatic senescence, its role in liver disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies.

    • David Sanfeliu-Redondo
    • Albert Gibert-Ramos
    • Jordi Gracia-Sancho
    Review Article
  • Here, an overview of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is provided in gastrointestinal health and disease, highlighting their role in tissue physiology, immunity, inflammation and cancer. The biology and physiological function of ILC3s are described across different states and diseases along with a discussion on opportunities for therapeutic targeting.

    • Veronika Horn
    • Gregory F. Sonnenberg
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Whelan and colleagues summarize and discuss evidence for the effects of ultra-processed foods and food additives on gut health and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome.

    • Kevin Whelan
    • Aaron S. Bancil
    • Benoit Chassaing
    Review Article
  • This Review discusses the role of the gut microbiome in the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids and critically evaluates biochemical pathways that are less well understood. Insights into how secondary bile acid derivatives influence host immune function are also described.

    • Jason M. Ridlon
    • H. Rex Gaskins
    Review Article
  • Coeliac disease is an autoinflammatory disease, with the only available treatment being a lifelong gluten-free diet. Alternative therapeutic approaches are needed. This Review explores the concept of tolerance-inducing therapies for coeliac disease, highlighting the underlying mechanisms, progress, challenges and future directions.

    • Ludvig M. Sollid
    Review Article
  • Obesity and metabolic syndrome are two complex and multifactorial conditions. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of dietary fibres, discussing physiochemical properties, microbiota interactions and therapeutic interventions for body weight and insulin resistance regulation.

    • Edward C. Deehan
    • Valentin Mocanu
    • Karen L. Madsen
    Review Article
  • Hepatic metabolic functions are altered in metabolic diseases. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of glucose metabolism in steatotic liver disease (SLD) and obesity, describes new techniques for hepatic glucose flux assessment and discusses how SLD treatments affect glucose metabolism.

    • Egeria Scoditti
    • Silvia Sabatini
    • Amalia Gastaldelli
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Danne and colleagues describe the roles of neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as their functions in host–microbiota interactions.

    • Camille Danne
    • Jurate Skerniskyte
    • Harry Sokol
    Review Article
  • Fermented foods have gained renewed popularity owing to their health-promoting potential. This Review discusses the mechanisms underlying the benefits of fermented foods in gut health and disease, highlighting how specific fermented food microorganisms, food components and bioactive compounds exert their effects. A future outlook on research is also detailed.

    • Arghya Mukherjee
    • Samuel Breselge
    • Paul D. Cotter
    Review Article
  • Gut microbiota has a vital role in mechanisms involved in overweight and obesity, including host metabolism and energy expenditure. This Review describes the physiology of white and brown adipose tissue and provides timely insights into the gut microbiota–adipose tissue axis.

    • Patrice D. Cani
    • Matthias Van Hul
    Review Article
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID). Here, the authors review evidence on the preclinical phase of IBD, outlining and describing the proposed at-risk, initiation and expansion phases. Overlap with other IMIDs is discussed alongside the possible future directions for research into preclinical IBD.

    • Jonas J. Rudbaek
    • Manasi Agrawal
    • Tine Jess
    Review Article
  • The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is rising. In this Review, Hu and O’Reilly summarize the latest advances and clinical trials for the treatment of PDAC, including biomarkers, targeted therapies and immunotherapy as well as novel clinical trial designs. They also discuss emerging therapeutic options for this disease.

    • Z. Ian Hu
    • Eileen M. O’Reilly
    Review Article
  • Increasing evidence shows a role of cellular stress responses in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis pathogenesis. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in cellular stress in fibrogenesis and their role in NASH progression.

    • Sachin Sharma
    • Dounia Le Guillou
    • Jennifer Y. Chen
    Review Article