Reviews & Analysis

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  • In this article, the authors discuss the use of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. They highlight ongoing trials and discuss future treatment options, including the potential use of multi-omics and artificial intelligence to facilitate treatment selection and prediction of response.

    • Yoshinori Kagawa
    • J. Joshua Smith
    • Takayuki Yoshino
    Perspective
  • Ageing and senescence are major risk factors for liver disease development. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of hepatic senescence, its role in liver disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies.

    • David Sanfeliu-Redondo
    • Albert Gibert-Ramos
    • Jordi Gracia-Sancho
    Review Article
  • Here, an overview of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is provided in gastrointestinal health and disease, highlighting their role in tissue physiology, immunity, inflammation and cancer. The biology and physiological function of ILC3s are described across different states and diseases along with a discussion on opportunities for therapeutic targeting.

    • Veronika Horn
    • Gregory F. Sonnenberg
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Whelan and colleagues summarize and discuss evidence for the effects of ultra-processed foods and food additives on gut health and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome.

    • Kevin Whelan
    • Aaron S. Bancil
    • Benoit Chassaing
    Review Article
  • This Review discusses the role of the gut microbiome in the conversion of primary to secondary bile acids and critically evaluates biochemical pathways that are less well understood. Insights into how secondary bile acid derivatives influence host immune function are also described.

    • Jason M. Ridlon
    • H. Rex Gaskins
    Review Article
  • A new study by Díaz and colleagues links strong alcohol policy with improved health and societal outcomes. The evidence for what works to reduce the enormous burden from alcohol is clear. The question is why are governments still not acting?

    • William Gilmore
    • Ian Gilmore
    News & Views
  • Coeliac disease is an autoinflammatory disease, with the only available treatment being a lifelong gluten-free diet. Alternative therapeutic approaches are needed. This Review explores the concept of tolerance-inducing therapies for coeliac disease, highlighting the underlying mechanisms, progress, challenges and future directions.

    • Ludvig M. Sollid
    Review Article
  • Obesity and metabolic syndrome are two complex and multifactorial conditions. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of dietary fibres, discussing physiochemical properties, microbiota interactions and therapeutic interventions for body weight and insulin resistance regulation.

    • Edward C. Deehan
    • Valentin Mocanu
    • Karen L. Madsen
    Review Article
  • Hepatic metabolic functions are altered in metabolic diseases. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of glucose metabolism in steatotic liver disease (SLD) and obesity, describes new techniques for hepatic glucose flux assessment and discusses how SLD treatments affect glucose metabolism.

    • Egeria Scoditti
    • Silvia Sabatini
    • Amalia Gastaldelli
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Danne and colleagues describe the roles of neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as their functions in host–microbiota interactions.

    • Camille Danne
    • Jurate Skerniskyte
    • Harry Sokol
    Review Article
  • 2023 was the most memorable year on record for obesity. The American Academy of Pediatrics recognized the complex, multifactorial nature of obesity and the broad range of treatments necessary to care for pediatric patients. The first-ever triple agonist and high-potency oral GLP1 agonist was introduced with unprecedented results.

    • Fatima Cody Stanford
    Year in Review
  • In 2023, there were significant advancements in trials of interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity from alcohol-related liver disease, spanning the entire spectrum of disease: primary prevention to reduce overall alcohol-related harm, secondary prevention to attenuate fibrosis progression and tertiary prevention using antibiotics for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.

    • Maja Thiele
    • Christophe Moreno
    Year in Review
  • Fermented foods have gained renewed popularity owing to their health-promoting potential. This Review discusses the mechanisms underlying the benefits of fermented foods in gut health and disease, highlighting how specific fermented food microorganisms, food components and bioactive compounds exert their effects. A future outlook on research is also detailed.

    • Arghya Mukherjee
    • Samuel Breselge
    • Paul D. Cotter
    Review Article