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Molecular basis for control of antibiotic production by a bacterial hormone
X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structures of the transcriptional repressor of the methylomycin gene cluster, MmfR, reveal the molecular basis for regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis by AHFCA hormones in Actinobacteria.
- Shanshan Zhou
- , Hussain Bhukya
- & Christophe Corre
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The Card1 nuclease provides defence during type III CRISPR immunity
Structural analyses of the type III CRISPR accessory protein Card1, which induces dormancy in infected hosts to provide immunity against phage infection, reveal the mechanisms by which it cleaves single-stranded RNA and DNA.
- Jakob T. Rostøl
- , Wei Xie
- & Luciano A. Marraffini
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: IspH inhibitors kill Gram-negative bacteria and mobilize immune clearance
A class of compounds with a dual mechanism of action—direct targeting of IspH and stimulation of cytotoxic γδ T cells to enhance pathogen clearance—are active against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
- Kumar Sachin Singh
- , Rishabh Sharma
- & Farokh Dotiwala
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The functional proteome landscape of Escherichia coli
Thermal proteome profiling combined with a reverse genetics approach provides insights into the abundance and thermal stability of the global proteome of Escherichia coli.
- André Mateus
- , Johannes Hevler
- & Mikhail M. Savitski
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Prokaryotic viperins produce diverse antiviral molecules
Eukaryotic viperins originated from a clade of bacterial and archaeal proteins that catalyse the production of antiviral molecules.
- Aude Bernheim
- , Adi Millman
- & Rotem Sorek
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Origin and elaboration of a major evolutionary transition in individuality
Obligate endosymbiosis between the bacteria Blochmannia and ants of the Camponotini tribe originated through co-option of pre-existing molecular capacities and rewiring of developmental gene regulatory networks.
- Ab. Matteen Rafiqi
- , Arjuna Rajakumar
- & Ehab Abouheif
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Article |
Functionally uncoupled transcription–translation in Bacillus subtilis
In Bacillus subtilis, unlike in Escherichia coli, transcription and translation of genes are not tightly coupled, and pioneering ribosomes lag substantially behind RNA polymerases.
- Grace E. Johnson
- , Jean-Benoît Lalanne
- & Gene-Wei Li
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Gut microorganisms act together to exacerbate inflammation in spinal cords
Germ-free mice co-colonized with two bacterial strains from the small intestinal flora showed increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, implicating the synergistic effects of these microorganisms in this mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
- Eiji Miyauchi
- , Seok-Won Kim
- & Hiroshi Ohno
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DNA targeting and interference by a bacterial Argonaute nuclease
Argonaute protein from the bacterium C. butyricum targets multicopy genetic elements and functions in the suppression of plasmid and phage propagation, and there appears to be a DNA-mediated immunity pathway in prokaryotes.
- Anton Kuzmenko
- , Anastasiya Oguienko
- & Andrey Kulbachinskiy
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A universal trade-off between growth and lag in fluctuating environments
A model of sequential flux bottlenecks explains a universal trade-off between steady-state growth and physiological adaptation time in bacteria exposed to fluctuating growth conditions.
- Markus Basan
- , Tomoya Honda
- & Uwe Sauer
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Structure of a nascent membrane protein as it folds on the BAM complex
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of a folding intermediate on the BAM complex of Escherichia coli reveal how interactions between the BamA catalyst and substrate permit stable association during folding, followed by rapid turnover.
- David Tomasek
- , Shaun Rawson
- & Daniel Kahne
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Action of a minimal contractile bactericidal nanomachine
The authors report near-atomic resolution structures of the R-type bacteriocin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the pre-contraction and post-contraction states, and these structures provide insight into the mechanism of action of molecular syringes.
- Peng Ge
- , Dean Scholl
- & Z. Hong Zhou
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Article |
A mycobacterial ABC transporter mediates the uptake of hydrophilic compounds
Analysis of cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ABC transporter Rv1819c suggests that it is a multi-solute transporter for hydrophilic molecules.
- S. Rempel
- , C. Gati
- & D. J. Slotboom
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Review Article |
The arms race between bacteria and their phage foes
Understanding the dynamics between bacteria and bacteriophages could enable the development of phage-based therapies and biotechnological tools and provide insights into the ecology and evolution of these microorganisms.
- Hannah G. Hampton
- , Bridget N. J. Watson
- & Peter C. Fineran
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Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation
Screening of a library of bile acid metabolites revealed two derivatives of lithocholic acid that act as regulators of T helper cells that express IL-17a and regulatory T cells, thus influencing host immune responses.
- Saiyu Hang
- , Donggi Paik
- & Jun R. Huh
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Marine Proteobacteria metabolize glycolate via the β-hydroxyaspartate cycle
Marine Proteobacteria use the β-hydroxyaspartate cycle to assimilate glycolate, which is secreted by algae on a petagram scale, providing evidence of a previously undescribed trophic interaction between autotrophic phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacterioplankton.
- Lennart Schada von Borzyskowski
- , Francesca Severi
- & Tobias J. Erb
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Bacteriophage targeting of gut bacterium attenuates alcoholic liver disease
In patients with alcoholic hepatitis, cytolysin-positive Enterococcus faecalis strains are correlated with liver disease severity and increased mortality, and in mouse models these strains can be specifically targeted by bacteriophages.
- Yi Duan
- , Cristina Llorente
- & Bernd Schnabl
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An interbacterial toxin inhibits target cell growth by synthesizing (p)ppApp
The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa attacks competing bacteria using the toxin Tas1, which pyrophosphorylates adenosine nucleotides to generate (p)ppApp, thereby depleting ATP and disrupting multiple cellular functions.
- Shehryar Ahmad
- , Boyuan Wang
- & John C. Whitney
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Human gut bacteria contain acquired interbacterial defence systems
An interbacterial defence strategy, involving clusters of immunity genes against toxins released by the type VI secretion system of the same or different species, is widespread among Bacteroides species, and transfer of these gene clusters confers resistance to toxins in vitro and in the mammalian gut.
- Benjamin D. Ross
- , Adrian J. Verster
- & Joseph D. Mougous
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Bacterial biodiversity drives the evolution of CRISPR-based phage resistance
The biotic environment can fundamentally alter bacteria and phage interactions, and influence the evolution of resistance mechanisms.
- Ellinor O. Alseth
- , Elizabeth Pursey
- & Edze R. Westra
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Engineering orthogonal signalling pathways reveals the sparse occupancy of sequence space
Engineered two-component signalling proteins in Escherichia coli have residue specificities different to their parent proteins and are orthogonal to all extant paralogues, demonstrating that sequence space is not densely occupied.
- Conor J. McClune
- , Aurora Alvarez-Buylla
- & Michael T. Laub
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Architecture of the mycobacterial type VII secretion system
A cryo-EM structure of a membrane-embedded core complex of the ESX-3/type VII secretion system from Mycobacterium smegmatis is reported, providing insights into the mechanisms by which virulence factors are secreted by these bacteria.
- Nikolaos Famelis
- , Angel Rivera-Calzada
- & Sebastian Geibel
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Letter |
Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth
Delivery via caesarean section, maternal antibiotic prophylaxis and colonization by opportunistic pathogens associated with the hospital environment affect the composition of the gut microbiota of children from birth until infancy.
- Yan Shao
- , Samuel C. Forster
- & Trevor D. Lawley
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Letter |
Salmonella persisters promote the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids in the gut
The re-seeding of antibiotic-resistant persister subpopulations of Salmonella enterica into the gut lumen favours the transfer of resistance plasmids to gut-resident enterobacteria, showing that even small reservoirs of persister bacteria facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance.
- Erik Bakkeren
- , Jana S. Huisman
- & Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
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Human placenta has no microbiome but can contain potential pathogens
The human placenta does not have a microbiota, suggesting that bacterial infection of the placenta is not a common cause of adverse pregnancy outcome, but group B Streptococcus is found in approximately 5% of placental samples.
- Marcus C. de Goffau
- , Susanne Lager
- & Gordon C. S. Smith
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Potential roles of gut microbiome and metabolites in modulating ALS in mice
A study of the functional microbiome in a mouse model of ALS shows that several gut bacteria may modulate the severity of the disease.
- Eran Blacher
- , Stavros Bashiardes
- & Eran Elinav
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Incompatible and sterile insect techniques combined eliminate mosquitoes
A field trial succeeded in eliminating populations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus through inundative mass release of incompatible Wolbachia-infected males, which were also irradiated to sterilize any accidentally-released females, and so prevent population replacement.
- Xiaoying Zheng
- , Dongjing Zhang
- & Zhiyong Xi
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Letter |
Anaerobic oxidation of ethane by archaea from a marine hydrocarbon seep
An archaeon, ‘Candidatus Argoarchaeum ethanivorans’, which is involved in the oxidation of ethane observed in anoxic marine habitats, is identified and metabolically characterized.
- Song-Can Chen
- , Niculina Musat
- & Florin Musat
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Structural basis of lipopolysaccharide extraction by the LptB2FGC complex
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of LptB2FGC, in nucleotide-free and vanadate-trapped states, reveal the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide extraction from the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a role for LptC in efficient lipopolysaccharide transport.
- Yanyan Li
- , Benjamin J. Orlando
- & Maofu Liao
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Bacterial cGAS-like enzymes synthesize diverse nucleotide signals
A bacterial family of cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases synthesizes a diverse range of cyclic dinucleotide and trinucleotide compounds that are likely to modulate the interaction of both pathogens and commensal microbiota with their animal and plant hosts.
- Aaron T. Whiteley
- , James B. Eaglesham
- & Philip J. Kranzusch
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Article
| Open Access
A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota
The known species repertoire of the collective human gut microbiota is substantially expanded with the discovery of 1,952 uncultured bacterial species that greatly improve classification of understudied African and South American samples.
- Alexandre Almeida
- , Alex L. Mitchell
- & Robert D. Finn
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Article |
Type 9 secretion system structures reveal a new protein transport mechanism
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the protein-conducting translocon of the type 9 secretion system reveal its architecture and mechanism of translocation.
- Frédéric Lauber
- , Justin C. Deme
- & Ben C. Berks
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Article |
Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference
Lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus bacteria block quorum sensing by Staphylococcus aureus and thereby inhibit the growth of this opportunistic pathogen in the gut, suggesting why people in rural Thailand who are colonized by Bacillus are not also colonized by S. aureus.
- Pipat Piewngam
- , Yue Zheng
- & Michael Otto
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Letter |
Alpha-kinase 1 is a cytosolic innate immune receptor for bacterial ADP-heptose
The bacterial metabolite ADP-heptose activates NF-κB in host cells via alpha-kinase 1 and the TIFA–TRAF signalling pathway.
- Ping Zhou
- , Yang She
- & Feng Shao
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Letter |
Mechanism of phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination mediated by a single Legionella effector
Crystal structures of the Legionella effectors SdeA and SdeD uncover the mechanism of a unique phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination reaction.
- Anil Akturk
- , David J. Wasilko
- & Yuxin Mao
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Article |
Structural basis of ubiquitin modification by the Legionella effector SdeA
Crystal structures of the Legionella effector SdeA in a ligand-free state and in complex with ubiquitin and NADH provide insight into SdeA-mediated phosphoribosyl-linked ubiquitination.
- Yanan Dong
- , Yajuan Mu
- & Yue Feng
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Article |
Mutant phenotypes for thousands of bacterial genes of unknown function
A large-scale mutagenesis screen identifies mutant phenotypes for over 11,000 protein-coding genes in bacteria that had previously not been assigned a specific function.
- Morgan N. Price
- , Kelly M. Wetmore
- & Adam M. Deutschbauer
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Letter |
Male-killing toxin in a bacterial symbiont of Drosophila
The Spaid protein is identified and shown to be responsible for the male-killing effects of Spiroplasma poulsonii in Drosophila.
- Toshiyuki Harumoto
- & Bruno Lemaitre
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Letter |
Deep mitochondrial origin outside the sampled alphaproteobacteria
Genome data for thirteen alphaproteobacteria-related clades expand the coverage of alphaproteobacterial diversity and suggest that mitochondria diverged from Alphaproteobacteria before the diversification of all currently known alphaproteobacterial lineages.
- Joran Martijn
- , Julian Vosseberg
- & Thijs J. G. Ettema
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Letter |
Peptidoglycan synthesis drives an FtsZ-treadmilling-independent step of cytokinesis
Single-cell fluorescence microscopy reveals that cytokinesis occurs in two stages in Staphylococcus aureus, an initial slow phase followed by a faster phase after MurJ protein recruitment to the midcell triggers peptidoglycan synthesis.
- João M. Monteiro
- , Ana R. Pereira
- & Mariana G. Pinho
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Review Article |
Progress in and promise of bacterial quorum sensing research
A Review of the genetics, biochemistry, ecology and evolution of bacterial quorum sensing.
- Marvin Whiteley
- , Stephen P. Diggle
- & E. Peter Greenberg
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Letter |
Ubiquitination and degradation of GBPs by a Shigella effector to suppress host defence
A Shigella flexneri type III secretion system effector targets cellular proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, suggesting that such effectors help to overcome defences against bacterial infection.
- Peng Li
- , Wei Jiang
- & Feng Shao
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Article |
Structural basis of MsbA-mediated lipopolysaccharide transport
Cryo-electron microscopy snapshots of the E. coli flippase MsbA at discrete functional states reveal a ‘trap and flip’ mechanism for lipopolysaccharide flipping and the conformational transitions of MsbA during its substrate transport cycle.
- Wei Mi
- , Yanyan Li
- & Maofu Liao
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Article |
Commensal bacteria make GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules
Commensal bacteria have N-acyl amide synthase genes that encode signalling molecules (N-acyl amides) that can interact with G-protein-coupled receptors and elicit host cellular responses similar to eukaryotic N-acyl amides.
- Louis J. Cohen
- , Daria Esterhazy
- & Sean F. Brady
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Article |
A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India
A synbiotic preparation of Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide was found to significantly reduce sepsis and infections of the lower respiratory tract in a trial involving rural Indian newborns.
- Pinaki Panigrahi
- , Sailajanandan Parida
- & Ira H. Gewolb
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Letter |
Structure of the Cpf1 endonuclease R-loop complex after target DNA cleavage
The structure of Cpf1, a CRISPR–Cas/RNA-guided nuclease, is presented with a three-stranded RNA–DNA loop after cleavage, providing insight into its working mechanism.
- Stefano Stella
- , Pablo Alcón
- & Guillermo Montoya
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Letter |
High-avidity IgA protects the intestine by enchaining growing bacteria
Oral-vaccine-induced IgA cross-links growing bacteria into clonal aggregates, inhibiting pathogenesis, adaption and the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.
- Kathrin Moor
- , Médéric Diard
- & Emma Slack
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Letter |
Structural basis for nutrient acquisition by dominant members of the human gut microbiota
The authors present structures of nutrient transport complexes of the commensal bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the mechanism by which it imports glycans.
- Amy J. Glenwright
- , Karunakar R. Pothula
- & Bert van den Berg
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Letter |
Near-atomic-resolution cryo-EM analysis of the Salmonella T3S injectisome basal body
The authors report the structure of the assembled membrane spanning ring forming proteins of the Salmonella Typhimurium injectisome basal body, including the first atomic structure of a member of the secretin family of outer-membrane pores.
- L. J. Worrall
- , C. Hong
- & N. C. J. Strynadka
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