Research articles

In an information-abundant landscape, people can accurately judge the reputations of others by researching only a fraction of the available information while forgiving some instances of bad behaviour.

Climate warming has increased forest fire sizes, amplifying postfire summer warming, with broadleaf trees mitigating this effect; climate-smart forestry should increase broadleaf tree cover to manage future fire risks.

A combination of palaeoclimate proxies and simulations shows that a common mechanism controls El Niño variation in cold and warm states, which supports expectations of more extreme El Niño occurrence in the future.

Reversible DNA inversions found entirely within genes enable increased coding capacity by encoding multiple versions of a protein in bacteria and archaea.

Transferrin receptor targeting chimeras have been developed that enable targeting of drug resistance in epidermal growth factor receptor-driven lung cancer and reversible control of human primary chimeric antigen receptor T cells, representing a promising new family of bifunctional antibodies for targeted cancer therapy.

By experimentally sampling from sequence spaces larger than 10¹⁰ and using thermodynamic models, the genetic structure of at least some proteins can be well described, indicating that protein genetics is simpler than anticipated.

Scaling up and shaping up large language models increased their tendency to provide sensible yet incorrect answers at difficulty levels humans cannot supervise, highlighting the need for a fundamental shift in artificial intelligence design towards reliability.

Single-neuron recordings from intracranial electrodes inserted into human brains for clinical reasons suggest that the temporal structure of human experience is encoded in human hippocampal and entorhinal neurons.

Tree-ring records used to reconstruct the variability of the European jet stream from 1300 to 2004 ce show modulation of extreme regional climate events and extensive impacts on agriculture and human well-being.

The tRNA synthases AARS1 and AARS2 are identified as evolutionarily conserved sensors of intracellular l-lactate to mediate the global lysine lactylome.

The distribution and uptake of siderophores across a meridional section of the eastern Pacific Ocean suggests that iron availability limits microbial metabolism in the upper mesopelagic in several large ocean basins.

The dentary–squamosal contact, traditionally considered to be a typical mammalian feature, evolved more than once and is more evolutionary labile than previously considered.

Computationally designed genetically encoded proteins can be used to target surface proteins, thereby triggering endocytosis and subsequent intracellular degradation, activating signalling or increasing cellular uptake in specific tissues.

Flex-RV, a 32-bit microprocessor based on an open RISC-V instruction set fabricated with indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors on a flexible polyimide substrate, enables an ultralow-cost bendable and flexible microprocessor.

A new approach is described for fabricating devices on each of the faces of the same gallium nitride semiconductor wafer, using the cation face for photonic devices and the anion face for electronic devices.

Fc–IL-4, a typical type 2 cytokine, reinvigorates exhausted CD8⁺ T cells in tumours, underscoring this fusion protein as a potent immunotherapy that synergizes effectively with type 1 immunity against cancer.

Free-standing nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon consisting of mixed five-, six- and seven-membered rings was prepared through the polymerization of pyrrole within the confined interlayer cavity of a removable layered-double-hydroxide template.

A study shows that many phages are capable of evading antiphage defence systems of bacteria by reconstituting NAD⁺ from its degradation products in infected cells.