Review Articles

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  • This Review provides an overview of the complexity and significance of protein lipidation in cancer, outlines how targeting protein lipidation pathways offer promising avenues for developing cancer treatments, and discusses the current state of drugs targeting these pathways.

    • Edward W. Tate
    • Lior Soday
    • Hening Lin
    Review Article
  • Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is now accepted as a major contributor to cancer pathogenesis. In this Review, Yan, Mischel and Chang highlight the recent advancements in ecDNA research, providing new insights into the biogenesis and maintenance of ecDNA, as well as its role in altering gene expression and promoting tumour heterogeneity.

    • Xiaowei Yan
    • Paul Mischel
    • Howard Chang
    Review Article
  • In their Review article, Fuchs and colleagues discuss how a single or a few mutations in adult cells can lead to invasive cancers without a high mutational burden, demonstrating that non-genetic factors induce the epigenetic changes necessary for tumorigenesis.

    • Shaopeng Yuan
    • Jorge Almagro
    • Elaine Fuchs
    Review Article
  • In this Review, de Souza et al. discuss how advances in the ability to image protein markers at high-plex, at single-cell and even subcellular resolution, are expanding our understanding of tumour biology and clinical outcomes, and outline the future promise of combining such multiplex protein imaging methods with other forms of spatial omics.

    • Natalie de Souza
    • Shan Zhao
    • Bernd Bodenmiller
    Review Article
  • Although p53 was once considered undruggable, in this Review, Peuget et al. discuss the progress made in targeting p53 as a form of cancer therapy with approaches ranging from restoration of mutant p53 function to inhibition of the negative regulator of p53, MDM2, as well as newer strategies, including p53-based mRNA vaccines and antibodies.

    • Sylvain Peuget
    • Xiaolei Zhou
    • Galina Selivanova
    Review Article
  • Transposable elements, also known as junk DNA, constitute nearly half of the human genome. This Review by Liang et al. discusses how tumours exploit these transposable elements during their evolution but also how they represent a vulnerability that could be targeted through immunotherapeutic approaches.

    • Yonghao Liang
    • Xuan Qu
    • Ting Wang
    Review Article
  • Although hyperactivation of BRAF has been well-established to drive tumour progression and drug resistance, the role of CRAF in cancer is becoming increasingly relevant. Here, Riaud et al. summarize the various oncogenic roles of CRAF and the potential for CRAF-targeted therapies to improve the clinical outcome for RAF1 altered tumours.

    • Melody Riaud
    • Jennifer Maxwell
    • April A. N. Rose
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Sato and colleagues provide an overview of the clinicopathological and phenotypical impact of lineage commitment and plasticity during tumorigenesis and progression of human epithelial cancer and discuss the molecular mechanisms that underlie histological lineage transition.

    • Masayuki Fujii
    • Shigeki Sekine
    • Toshiro Sato
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Mempel et al. use our understanding of the physiological response programmes of the immune system to the more commonplace challenges it encounters as a framework to interpret observations of chemokine function in tumours. When viewed in this way, the design of more effective therapeutic interventions leveraging the chemokine system to recalibrate response patterns to cancer might be possible.

    • Thorsten R. Mempel
    • Julia K. Lill
    • Lukas M. Altenburger
    Review Article
  • Numerous immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer treatment have been developed following the discovery of negative regulators of antitumour immunity such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4). The efficacy of these antibodies is determined not only by their ability to block or engage their target but also by their interactions with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). This Review outlines our current knowledge of these interactions and discusses how we can use this knowledge to generate more effective cancer immunotherapies in the future.

    • Felipe Galvez-Cancino
    • Alexander P. Simpson
    • Sergio A. Quezada
    Review Article
  • Targeting platelets represents a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and cancer immunotherapy. Here, Li and colleagues highlight the dynamic role of platelets in tumour development, progression, and response to therapy, and underscore the utility of tumour-educated platelets for precise tumour diagnosis and treatment.

    • Suping Li
    • Zefang Lu
    • Guangjun Nie
    Review Article
  • This Review by Elena B. Pasquale outlines the current understanding of Eph receptor–ephrin signalling mechanisms in cancer progression and therapy resistance, and also details therapeutic strategies for targeting the Eph system as a novel cancer therapy and for improving the efficacy of conventional cancer therapies.

    • Elena B. Pasquale
    Review Article
  • Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) function in opposition to E3 ubiquitin ligases by removing ubiquitin from substrates to control protein and organelle homeostasis and responses to cellular stimuli. In this Review, Dewson et al. describe the many associations of DUBs with the hallmarks of cancer, with a view to identifying those DUBs most likely to impact cancer-associated phenotypes if targeted with selective inhibition.

    • Grant Dewson
    • Pieter J. A. Eichhorn
    • David Komander
    Review Article
  • Although tumour metabolism is well recognized as a key feature in cancer initiation and progression, little is known about metabolic reprogramming in patients. In this Review, Bartman et al. discuss stable-isotope tracing as a means to probe tumour metabolism in vivo and provide an overview of isotope labelling studies performed in patients with cancer.

    • Caroline R. Bartman
    • Brandon Faubert
    • Ralph J. DeBerardinis
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Swietach and colleagues discuss how the pH balance is dysregulated in tumours and how alterations in intracellular and extracellular pH affect tumour biology to accelerate disease progression, providing a rationale for therapeutic targeting of acid–base disturbances in cancer.

    • Pawel Swietach
    • Ebbe Boedtkjer
    • Stine Falsig Pedersen
    Review Article
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine cancer with a dismal survival rate and limited therapeutic options. This Review outlines the recent advances that have been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of adrenocortical carcinoma and what this means for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this cancer type.

    • Chandrayee Ghosh
    • Jiangnan Hu
    • Electron Kebebew
    Review Article
  • T cells can acquire a broad spectrum of differentiation states following activation; certain subtypes of T cells have emerged as key determinants of cancer immunity and response to immunotherapies. Here, Gebhardt, Park and Parish discuss the phenotypic and functional variation of stem-like exhausted CD8+ T cells and memory CD8+ T cells, and how it contributes to their roles in immune escape and cancer outcome.

    • Thomas Gebhardt
    • Simone L. Park
    • Ian A. Parish
    Review Article
  • Transfer RNAs have long been known as static adaptors that translate the genetic code but are now emerging as dynamic regulators in health and disease, including cancer. This Review discusses how the deregulation of the tRNA pool, tRNA-derived small RNAs and tRNA synthetases impacts tumour initiation and progression.

    • Alexandra M. Pinzaru
    • Sohail F. Tavazoie
    Review Article
  • This Review summarizes how the structural details that were revealed by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography and insights into molecular basis of polyspecificity and mechanistic studies shaped the understanding of the role of ATP-binding cassette transporter in cancer multidrug resistance, culminating in new therapeutic approaches to sensitize multidrug-resistant cancer cells to conventional and targeted therapies.

    • Andaleeb Sajid
    • Hadiar Rahman
    • Suresh V. Ambudkar
    Review Article