Immunology articles within Nature Reviews Nephrology

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  • Review Article |

    Glycosylation refers to the addition of carbohydrate chains to proteins and lipids. In this Review, the authors discuss the broad role of glycans in immunity, cancer, xenotransplantation and glomerular filtration and the potential of ‘glycomedicine’.

    • Colin Reily
    • , Tyler J. Stewart
    •  & Jan Novak

  • Review Article |

    This Review describes the reciprocal interactions between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, focusing on components of the immune system that drive chronic diseases that involve the kidney. The authors also discuss limitations of current approaches to microbiota research and emphasize the need to move beyond studies of correlation to causation.

    • Felix Knauf
    • , J. Richard Brewer
    •  & Richard A. Flavell

  • Review Article |

    Macrophages are versatile immune cells that protect the host against infection but can also promote chronic inflammation and fibrosis. In this Review, the authors discuss the diverse roles of macrophages in acute and chronic renal pathology as well as potential therapeutic targets.

    • Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
    • , David J. Nikolic-Paterson
    •  & Hui-Yao Lan

  • Review Article |

    This Review presents our current understanding of C3 glomerulopathy. Smith et al. discuss the histopathological diagnosis and the crucial pathogenic role of complement dysregulation. Genetic and acquired drivers of C3 glomerulopathy, potential biomarkers and available treatments are highlighted.

    • Richard J. H. Smith
    • , Gerald B. Appel
    •  & Carla M. Nester

  • Review Article |

    The kidney is a highly vascularized organ and contains a remarkable diversity of endothelial cell populations. Here, the authors describe unique features of the healthy renal endothelium and the pathological mechanisms that can lead to endothelial damage in renal disease.

    • Noemie Jourde-Chiche
    • , Fadi Fakhouri
    •  & Lubka T. Roumenina

  • Year in Review |

    Numerous exciting studies that advanced our understanding of immune-mediated kidney disease were published in 2018. Whereas most of these studies analysed the role of pro-inflammatory mediators, several novel anti-inflammatory mechanisms were discovered that involve immune cells and mediators with previously unrecognized protective roles in renal disease.

    • Christian Kurts
    •  & Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger

  • Review Article |

    This Review describes the epidemiology and mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors also discuss recommended treatment approaches for patients with HCV infection and CKD, and outline remaining issues in the field.

    • Stanislas Pol
    • , Lucia Parlati
    •  & Michel Jadoul

  • Review Article |

    This Review explores the mechanistic links underlying the associations between HLA and kidney diseases. The authors discuss how these links might provide insights into disease pathogenesis and describe the clinical implications of these insights.

    • Kate J. Robson
    • , Joshua D. Ooi
    •  & A. Richard Kitching

  • Review Article |

    Improved understanding of HLAs together with advances in HLA typing and antibody detection techniques have enabled transplantation of sensitized patients. Here, the authors discuss these advances as well as novel approaches to desensitization, immunomodulation and tolerance induction.

    • Robert A. Montgomery
    • , Vasishta S. Tatapudi
    •  & Andrea A. Zachary

  • Perspective |

    This Perspectives article describes supporting and contradicting data regarding the role of podocyte B7-1 in the pathogenesis of various podocytopathies and highlights issues that need to be addressed to standardize approaches to the study of this protein.

    • Rubina Novelli
    • , Ariela Benigni
    •  & Giuseppe Remuzzi

  • Review Article |

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by the activation of intra-renal haemostatic and inflammatory processes. Here, the authors discuss the role of platelets as modulators of inflammation and haemostasis at the site of vascular injury, their interactions with endothelial cells and leukocytes and current antiplatelet strategies in AKI.

    • Marcel P. B. Jansen
    • , Sandrine Florquin
    •  & Joris J. T. H. Roelofs

  • Review Article |

    Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) not only plays a major part in the regulation of blood pressure but also participates in several other physiological functions, including renal development and male reproduction. Here, Bernstein et al. discuss how ACE enhances both innate and adaptive responses by modulating macrophage and neutrophil function.

    • Kenneth E. Bernstein
    • , Zakir Khan
    •  & Xiao Z. Shen

  • Review Article |

    Increasing evidence suggests that renin-expressing cells are involved in a range of physiological processes beyond their traditional role in blood pressure regulation. Here, the authors describe the role of these cells in nephrovascular development, regeneration, oxygen sensing, haematopoiesis and immune responses.

    • R. Ariel Gomez
    •  & Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez

  • Year in Review |

    New findings in 2017 enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. Key studies provided insights into immune mechanisms, the role of the gut microbiota, the adverse effects of perivascular fat and inflammation on the vasculature, and the contribution of rare variants in renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system genes to salt sensitivity.

    • Ernesto L. Schiffrin

  • Year in Review |

    In 2017, progress was made in several aspects of immune-mediated kidney disease. Mechanistic studies provided new insights into the underlying signals that confer risk to, or protection from, immune pathways, whereas new approaches to the treatment of immunological kidney disease will hopefully translate into a move away from the use of toxic corticosteroids.

    • Stephen R. Holdsworth
    •  & A. Richard Kitching

  • Review Article |

    Complement activation has important physiological and pathological implications for kidney-related and other diseases. Here, the authors discuss the state of the art of complement therapeutics, including the targets, candidate drugs, insights from clinical trials and evolving challenges for the field.

    • Daniel Ricklin
    • , Dimitrios C. Mastellos
    •  & John D. Lambris

  • Review Article |

    Adipose is an important endocrine and immunologic organ, releasing various adipokines and cytokines that regulate the adipocyte microenvironment and systemic metabolism. Here, the authors discuss the immunologic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue that contribute to kidney disease and the converse effects of kidney dysfunction on adipose tissue.

    • Qingzhang Zhu
    •  & Philipp E. Scherer

  • News & Views |

    Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are key mediators of several molecular and cellular responses that are activated under hypoxic conditions. New findings demonstrate an important role for the HIF system in mediating the activation and inflammatory responses of neutrophils through tight interaction with their glucose metabolism.

    • Kai-Uwe Eckardt

  • Review Article |

    Animal models that faithfully recapitulate human diabetic nephropathy (DN) are needed to study disease pathogenesis, identify drug targets and test new therapies. Here, the authors review progress in developing mouse models of DN, the limitations of current models, and opportunities for future development.

    • Kengo Azushima
    • , Susan B. Gurley
    •  & Thomas M. Coffman

  • Review Article |

    An increasing body of evidence supports a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Here, the authors discuss the mechanisms and consequences of B cell activation in T1DM and how these cells might contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease.

    • Mia J. Smith
    • , Kimber M. Simmons
    •  & John C. Cambier

  • Review Article |

    In this Review, Mark Okusa and colleagues discuss the role of neural circuits in the control of renal inflammation as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting these circuits in the settings of acute kidney injury, kidney fibrosis and hypertension.

    • Mark D. Okusa
    • , Diane L. Rosin
    •  & Kevin J. Tracey

  • News & Views |

    HLA sensitization greatly increases the risk of transplant rejection and failure. An IgG endopeptidase derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) may be an attractive new therapy for desensitization. Recent data indicate that IdeS effectively depletes anti-HLA IgG, creating a therapeutic window for successful renal transplantation in sensitized recipients.

    • Georg A. Böhmig
    •  & Lionel Rostaing

  • Review Article |

    A growing body of evidence supports a key role for T helper type 17 (TH17) cells in the development of renal damage. This Review discusses the identification, regulation, and function of TH17 cells and their associated pathways in immune-mediated kidney diseases, with particular focus on the mechanisms underlying renal tissue injury.

    • Christian F. Krebs
    • , Tilman Schmidt
    •  & Ulf Panzer

  • Review Article |

    Membranous nephropathy is an immune-mediated disease and is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Here, the authors discuss the role of B cell-depleting regimens in the treatment of this disease and the potential use of rescue therapy with agents that target plasma cells, which might prevent antigen–antibody interactions and immune complex-mediated complement activation.

    • Piero Ruggenenti
    • , Fernando C. Fervenza
    •  & Giuseppe Remuzzi

  • News & Views |

    A new study reports that a heart–brain–kidney network involving renal and cardiac macrophages is required for the adaptive response to cardiac stress. As well as highlighting the importance of inter-organ communication in complex pathological syndromes, the findings raise important questions with implications for the treatment of heart failure.

    • Herman H.W. Silljé
    •  & Rudolf A. de Boer

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