Featured
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Year in Review |
Single-cell genomics sheds light on kidney tissue immunity
The widespread availability of single-cell and single-nuclear genomic tools has enabled unbiased and high-dimensional assessment of tissue immunity in the kidney. The application of these technologies to human and mouse kidney samples, combined with spatial transcriptomics, has yielded unexpected insights into how resident and infiltrating immune cells maintain tissue homeostasis and drive disease.
- Andrew P. Stewart
- & Menna R. Clatworthy
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Review Article |
Genetics of SLE: mechanistic insights from monogenic disease and disease-associated variants
This Review examines insights from genetic studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including observations from reports of monogenic SLE, as well as the role of common and rare variants. The authors also discuss age-associated B cells, as the integration of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic data suggests a key role for these cells in SLE.
- Carola G. Vinuesa
- , Nan Shen
- & Thuvaraka Ware
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Review Article |
Pathogenic cellular and molecular mediators in lupus nephritis
This Review examines the contribution of innate and adaptive immune cells to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, including new insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive this disease, such as recognition of endogenous chromatin by endosomal and cytosolic nucleic acid sensors.
- Chandra Mohan
- , Ting Zhang
- & Chaim Putterman
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Review Article |
The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases
Here, the authors discuss tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) development, maintenance and function, with a focus on the roles of TLSs in autoimmune disease, cancer, infection and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases. They also discuss the clinical implications of TLSs in various tissues and diseases.
- Yuki Sato
- , Karina Silina
- & Motoko Yanagita
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Review Article |
The role of immune cells and mediators in preeclampsia
Immune dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Here, the authors examine the role of immune cells and mediators in driving the oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction that characterize this hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.
- Evangeline Deer
- , Owen Herrock
- & Babbette LaMarca
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Review Article |
Activation and regulation of alloreactive T cell immunity in solid organ transplantation
Alloimmune T cell responses have a crucial role in graft rejection. Here, the authors examine the factors that regulate T cell activation, differentiation and function in secondary lymphoid organs and in the graft, including the different pathways of allorecognition, innate–adaptive immunity crosstalk and the role of survival cytokines.
- Charlotte Duneton
- , Pamela D. Winterberg
- & Mandy L. Ford
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Review Article |
Tissue-resident memory T cells in the urogenital tract
Tissue-resident memory T cells are crucial to immune responses in epithelial and mucosal tissues. This Review examines the unique characteristics and differentiation pathways of these cells, as well as their unique adaptations in the urogenital tract, and their role in infection, cancer, inflammatory diseases and transplantation.
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- , Michiel C. van Aalderen
- & Klaas P. J. M. van Gisbergen
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Review Article |
Unconventional T cells and kidney disease
This Review examines the unique biological characteristics of unconventional T cells, including γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and natural killer T cells, and their roles in kidney injury, glomerulopathies and fibrosis. The authors also discuss the potential clinical applications of these cells, including in patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis or transplantation.
- Hannah Kaminski
- , Lionel Couzi
- & Matthias Eberl
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Review Article |
Design and application of single-cell RNA sequencing to study kidney immune cells in lupus nephritis
Applying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to human tissues can reveal the phenotypic diversity of resident and infiltrating cells at high resolution. In this Review, the authors examine important design considerations for applying this technology to kidney cells and discuss current findings from scRNA-seq studies of lupus nephritis.
- Deepak A. Rao
- , Arnon Arazi
- & Betty Diamond
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Review Article |
The role of sodium in modulating immune cell function
Sodium has a crucial role in osmoregulation and fluid balance. In this Review, the authors discuss how sodium is also an important functional modulator of innate and adaptive immune cells and how it might be linked to chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Nicola Wilck
- , András Balogh
- & Dominik N. Müller
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Year in Review |
Protecting the kidney against autoimmunity and inflammation
Numerous exciting studies that advanced our understanding of immune-mediated kidney disease were published in 2018. Whereas most of these studies analysed the role of pro-inflammatory mediators, several novel anti-inflammatory mechanisms were discovered that involve immune cells and mediators with previously unrecognized protective roles in renal disease.
- Christian Kurts
- & Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
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Research Highlight |
A CD4+ T cell population provides B cell help in systemic lupus erythematosus
- Susan J. Allison
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Research Highlight |
Breaches in the Bowman’s capsule and CD8+ T cell infiltration in crescentic GN
- Susan J. Allison
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Perspective |
The role of B7-1 in proteinuria of glomerular origin
This Perspectives article describes supporting and contradicting data regarding the role of podocyte B7-1 in the pathogenesis of various podocytopathies and highlights issues that need to be addressed to standardize approaches to the study of this protein.
- Rubina Novelli
- , Ariela Benigni
- & Giuseppe Remuzzi
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Year in Review |
Novel mechanisms of hypertension and vascular dysfunction
New findings in 2017 enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. Key studies provided insights into immune mechanisms, the role of the gut microbiota, the adverse effects of perivascular fat and inflammation on the vasculature, and the contribution of rare variants in renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system genes to salt sensitivity.
- Ernesto L. Schiffrin
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Review Article |
B cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease
An increasing body of evidence supports a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Here, the authors discuss the mechanisms and consequences of B cell activation in T1DM and how these cells might contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease.
- Mia J. Smith
- , Kimber M. Simmons
- & John C. Cambier
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Review Article |
T helper type 17 cells in immune-mediated glomerular disease
A growing body of evidence supports a key role for T helper type 17 (TH17) cells in the development of renal damage. This Review discusses the identification, regulation, and function of TH17 cells and their associated pathways in immune-mediated kidney diseases, with particular focus on the mechanisms underlying renal tissue injury.
- Christian F. Krebs
- , Tilman Schmidt
- & Ulf Panzer
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Review Article |
T cells and autoimmune kidney disease
T cells are critical drivers of autoimmunity and related organ damage, by supporting B-cell differentiation and antibody production or by directly promoting inflammation and cytotoxicity. This Review discusses the immune features of autoimmune nephropathies, with a focus on systemic lupus erythematosus and the role of T cells.
- Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- , Sean J. Bradley
- & George C. Tsokos
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News & Views |
Rituximab therapy for IgA nephropathy
As IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is considered to result in part from autoimmune processes, B-cell depletion using rituximab might be a plausible therapy. However, a small randomized, controlled trial in patients at risk of progressive IgAN reports that this therapy failed to reduce proteinuria over 1 year and was associated with more adverse events per patient.
- Jürgen Floege
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Review Article |
The importance of non-HLA antibodies in transplantation
Antibodies directed against non-HLA antigens such as angiotensin type 1 receptor, perlecan and collagen have been implicated in antibody-mediated rejection. Here, Elaine Reed and Qiuheng Zhang discuss the clinical relevance and pathogenesis of these non-HLA antibodies in renal, heart and lung transplantation.
- Qiuheng Zhang
- & Elaine F. Reed
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Review Article |
Plasma cells as an innovative target in autoimmune disease with renal manifestations
Autoantibodies are produced by plasma cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including systemic or organ-specific autoimmune diseases that involve the kidneys. In contrast to short-lived plasma cells, long-lived plasma cells reside in survival niches in the bone marrow and inflamed tissue, and provide the basis of humoral memory and refractory autoimmune disease activity. Here, the authors discuss the generation of plasma cells, their role in autoimmune disease, and current and future strategies for the depletion of autoreactive plasma cells, including novel approaches that target humoral memory.
- Falk Hiepe
- & Andreas Radbruch
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Review Article |
Memory T cells in organ transplantation: progress and challenges
Memory T cells and their ability to generate an anamnestic response are vital for protective immunity, but have a potentially detrimental impact on allograft survival. Here, Allan Kirk and colleagues discuss the generation of memory T cells, their role in allograft rejection and therapeutic strategies that target allospecific memory T-cell responses and might improve outcomes in organ transplantation.
- Jaclyn R. Espinosa
- , Kannan P. Samy
- & Allan D. Kirk
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Research Highlight |
T-cell exhaustion limits immune reactivity and is associated with good prognosis in autoimmune disease
- Ellen F. Carney
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In Brief |
Analysis of antibody-secreting cells in SLE
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Translating B cell immunology to the treatment of antibody-mediated allograft rejection
Targeting APRIL to slow progression of IgA nephropathy
Canagliflozin disrupts T cell activation
Mannose as a driver of γδ T cell kidney infiltration
Targeting iron uptake to correct T cell dysfunction
HLA-mediated protection in Goodpasture disease
Role of γδ T cells in the development of hypertension
Egress of intestinal TH17 cells in autoimmune renal disease
Differential effects of salt on immune cell activity
Clonal deletion contributes to allograft tolerance