Featured
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Boundary-anchored neural mechanisms of location-encoding for self and others
In real-world spatial navigation and observation tasks, oscillatory activity in the human brain encodes representations of self and others, with oscillatory power increasing at locations near the boundaries of the room.
- Matthias Stangl
- , Uros Topalovic
- & Nanthia Suthana
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Bidirectional perisomatic inhibitory plasticity of a Fos neuronal network
Novel experiences in mice lead to opposing effects on inhibition of Fos-activated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by parvalbumin- and cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons, revealing the roles of FOS and SCG2 in neural plasticity and consolidation of memories.
- Ee-Lynn Yap
- , Noah L. Pettit
- & Michael E. Greenberg
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Persistent transcriptional programmes are associated with remote memory
The authors identify long-lasting transcriptional programmes in neurons and glia that are associated with the storage of a remote memory.
- Michelle B. Chen
- , Xian Jiang
- & Thomas C. Südhof
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Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking
Lapses in attention before remembering partially account for why we remember or forget in the moment, why some individuals remember better than others, and why heavier media multitasking is related to worse memory.
- Kevin P. Madore
- , Anna M. Khazenzon
- & Anthony D. Wagner
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eIF2α controls memory consolidation via excitatory and somatostatin neurons
Stimulation of de novo protein synthesis in both excitatory and inhibitory, somatostatin-expressing neurons in the mouse hippocampus enhances memory consolidation.
- Vijendra Sharma
- , Rapita Sood
- & Nahum Sonenberg
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Amygdala inhibitory neurons as loci for translation in emotional memories
Protein synthesis is required in distinct populations of inhibitory neurons in the mouse amygdala to store memories of danger and safety.
- Prerana Shrestha
- , Zhe Shan
- & Eric Klann
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A hypothalamic novelty signal modulates hippocampal memory
The supramammillary nucleus in the hypothalamus acts as a novelty hub that selectively directs different types of novelty signals to different subregions of the hippocampus and flexibly modulates the encoding of memory.
- Shuo Chen
- , Linmeng He
- & Thomas J. McHugh
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Shared yet dissociable neural codes across eye gaze, valence and expectation
The primate amygdala contains a shared neural circuitry for eye gaze and for valence; however, this circuitry implements two different neural codes—one for the outcome and another for the expectation of the outcome.
- Raviv Pryluk
- , Yosef Shohat
- & Rony Paz
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Article |
Hippocampal CA2 sharp-wave ripples reactivate and promote social memory
Social memory is consolidated in the brain through the reactivation of neuronal firing by sharp-wave ripples in the CA2 region of the hippocampus, in a similar way to the consolidation of spatial memory.
- Azahara Oliva
- , Antonio Fernández-Ruiz
- & Steven A. Siegelbaum
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Hidden neural states underlie canary song syntax
Neurons in the canary premotor cortex homologue encode past song phrases and transitions, carrying information relevant to future choice of phrases as ‘hidden states’ during song.
- Yarden Cohen
- , Jun Shen
- & Timothy J. Gardner
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Dopamine D2 receptors in discrimination learning and spine enlargement
Detection of dopamine dips by neurons that express dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum is used to refine generalized reward conditioning mediated by dopamine D1 receptors.
- Yusuke Iino
- , Takeshi Sawada
- & Sho Yagishita
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A distributional code for value in dopamine-based reinforcement learning
Analyses of single-cell recordings from mouse ventral tegmental area are consistent with a model of reinforcement learning in which the brain represents possible future rewards not as a single mean of stochastic outcomes, as in the canonical model, but instead as a probability distribution.
- Will Dabney
- , Zeb Kurth-Nelson
- & Matthew Botvinick
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Nearest neighbours reveal fast and slow components of motor learning
A new method for analysing change in high-dimensional data is based on nearest-neighbour statistics and is applied here to song dynamics during vocal learning in zebra finches, but could potentially be applied to other biological and artificial behaviours.
- Sepp Kollmorgen
- , Richard H. R. Hahnloser
- & Valerio Mante
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Sensorimotor experience remaps visual input to a heading-direction network
Visual inputs to compass neurons can reorganize over minutes as a fly explores an altered virtual-reality environment.
- Yvette E. Fisher
- , Jenny Lu
- & Rachel I. Wilson
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Review Article |
Memory editing from science fiction to clinical practice
A Review of advances in memory-editing techniques in humans suggests that these techniques are advancing beyond science fiction and could hold promise for translation into clinical practice.
- Elizabeth A. Phelps
- & Stefan G. Hofmann
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Article |
Dissociable dopamine dynamics for learning and motivation
The dopamine projection from midbrain dopamine cells to the nucleus accumbens is essential for normal motivation, yet motivation-related changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine release occur independently of dopamine cell firing.
- Ali Mohebi
- , Jeffrey R. Pettibone
- & Joshua D. Berke
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Letter |
Sensory experience remodels genome architecture in neural circuit to drive motor learning
The authors identify a role for genome architecture reorganization in anterior dorsal cerebellar vermis granule neurons in learning a conditioned startle paradigm in mice.
- Tomoko Yamada
- , Yue Yang
- & Azad Bonni
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Letter |
Object-vector coding in the medial entorhinal cortex
Cells in the mouse medial entorhinal cortex that fire when mice are at a specific distance and direction from a stationary object suggest that vector coding is important for rodent navigation.
- Øyvind Arne Høydal
- , Emilie Ranheim Skytøen
- & Edvard I. Moser
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Neural circuits underlying a psychotherapeutic regimen for fear disorders
Bilateral sensory stimulation, which is used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder in humans, alleviates fear memory in mice through a circuit involving the superior colliculus and the medial thalamus.
- Jinhee Baek
- , Sukchan Lee
- & Hee-Sup Shin
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Letter |
Recalibration of path integration in hippocampal place cells
Evidence from hippocampal place cells shows that path-integration gain, previously thought to be a constant factor in the computation of location, is flexible and can be rapidly fine-tuned.
- Ravikrishnan P. Jayakumar
- , Manu S. Madhav
- & James J. Knierim
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Discrete attractor dynamics underlies persistent activity in the frontal cortex
Neuronal networks involving the frontal cortex follow discrete attractor dynamics to maintain short-term memories over times of seconds, much longer than the time-constant of individual neurons.
- Hidehiko K. Inagaki
- , Lorenzo Fontolan
- & Karel Svoboda
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Article |
A circuit from hippocampal CA2 to lateral septum disinhibits social aggression
Pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA2 region in mice promote social aggression via a disinhibitory circuit involving the lateral septum and ventromedial hypothalamus.
- Felix Leroy
- , Jung Park
- & Steven A. Siegelbaum
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Letter |
The hippocampus is crucial for forming non-hippocampal long-term memory during sleep
Hippocampal activity during a period of sleep after memory encoding is crucial for forming long-term memories in rats, even for types of memory considered not to be hippocampus-dependent.
- Anuck Sawangjit
- , Carlos N. Oyanedel
- & Marion Inostroza
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Letter |
m6A facilitates hippocampus-dependent learning and memory through YTHDF1
Neuronal stimulation induces protein translation of m6A-methylated neuronal mRNAs facilitated by YTHDF1, and this process contributes to learning and memory.
- Hailing Shi
- , Xuliang Zhang
- & Tao Zhou
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Letter |
Coherent encoding of subjective spatial position in visual cortex and hippocampus
When running through a virtual reality corridor, a mouse’s position is represented in both the hippocampus (as expected) and the primary visual cortex, for places that are visually identical.
- Aman B. Saleem
- , E. Mika Diamanti
- & Matteo Carandini
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Integrating time from experience in the lateral entorhinal cortex
Temporal information that is useful for episodic memory is encoded across a wide range of timescales in the lateral entorhinal cortex, arising inherently from its representation of ongoing experience.
- Albert Tsao
- , Jørgen Sugar
- & Edvard I. Moser
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Letter |
Parallel emergence of stable and dynamic memory engrams in the hippocampus
Imaging of hippocampal neuron activity in mice performing a memory task across several days identifies both stable and dynamic memory engrams.
- Thomas Hainmueller
- & Marlene Bartos
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Letter |
Posterior parietal cortex represents sensory history and mediates its effects on behaviour
A working memory task in rats demonstrates that the posterior parietal cortex is a critical locus for the representation and use of prior stimulus information.
- Athena Akrami
- , Charles D. Kopec
- & Carlos D. Brody
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Letter |
The honeycomb maze provides a novel test to study hippocampal-dependent spatial navigation
A newly designed honeycomb maze presents several advantages over current spatial navigation assays that include greater control over the rat’s choices throughout the task and the collection of electrophysiological data during navigation.
- Ruth A. Wood
- , Marius Bauza
- & John O’Keefe
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Letter |
Social behaviour shapes hypothalamic neural ensemble representations of conspecific sex
Interactions with male and female intruders activated overlapping neuronal populations in the ventromedial hypothalamus of inexperienced adult male mice, and these ensembles gradually separated as the mice acquired social and sexual experience with conspecifics.
- Ryan Remedios
- , Ann Kennedy
- & David J. Anderson
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Letter |
Hippocampal LTP and contextual learning require surface diffusion of AMPA receptors
Surface diffusion of AMPA receptors, from extra-synaptic to synaptic sites at the plasma membrane, is essential for full long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons and for fear conditioning in living mice.
- A. C. Penn
- , C. L. Zhang
- & D. Choquet
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Article |
The complete connectome of a learning and memory centre in an insect brain
The complete, synapse-resolution connectome of the Drosophila larval mushroom body.
- Katharina Eichler
- , Feng Li
- & Albert Cardona
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Article |
Acetyl-CoA synthetase regulates histone acetylation and hippocampal memory
The metabolic enzyme acetyl coenzyme A synthetase directly regulates gene expression during memory formation by binding to specific genes and providing acetyl coenzyme A for histone acetylation.
- Philipp Mews
- , Greg Donahue
- & Shelley L. Berger
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Letter |
Human umbilical cord plasma proteins revitalize hippocampal function in aged mice
Treatment with plasma of an early developmental stage, human umbilical cord, revitalizes the hippocampus and improves cognitive function in aged mice.
- Joseph M. Castellano
- , Kira I. Mosher
- & Tony Wyss-Coray
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Letter |
Re-evaluation of learned information in Drosophila
Depending on prediction accuracy at the time of memory recall, specific mushroom body output neurons drive different combinations of dopaminergic neurons to extinguish or reconsolidate appetitive memory in Drosophila.
- Johannes Felsenberg
- , Oliver Barnstedt
- & Scott Waddell
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Letter |
Mapping of a non-spatial dimension by the hippocampal–entorhinal circuit
Cells in the hippocampal–entorhinal circuit, which fire in response to navigational variables such as location or speed, are shown also to encode continuous, task-relevant but non-spatial variables such as sound frequency.
- Dmitriy Aronov
- , Rhino Nevers
- & David W. Tank
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Article |
Neural ensemble dynamics underlying a long-term associative memory
Use of a head-mounted miniature microscope in awake, behaving mice reveals that neural ensembles in the basal and lateral amygdala encode associations between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in a way that matches models of supervised learning.
- Benjamin F. Grewe
- , Jan Gründemann
- & Mark J. Schnitzer
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Letter |
Gamma oscillations organize top-down signalling to hypothalamus and enable food seeking
Coordinated gamma oscillations in the lateral hypothalamus, lateral septum and medial prefrontal cortex are shown to drive food-seeking behaviour in mice independently of nutritional need and to organize firing of feeding behaviour-related hypothalamic neurons.
- Marta Carus-Cadavieco
- , Maria Gorbati
- & Tatiana Korotkova
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Letter |
A cannabinoid link between mitochondria and memory
Cannabinoids affect CB1 receptors on the mitochondrial membranes in the brain, triggering a decrease in downstream cAMP-dependent signalling; this leads to a decrease in brain mitochondrial activity and to cannabinoid-induced amnesia.
- Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- , Tifany Desprez
- & Giovanni Marsicano
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Letter |
Rho GTPase complementation underlies BDNF-dependent homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity
The three small GTPases Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42 are differentially involved in structural long-term potentiation of rodent dendritic spines, simultaneously ensuring signal specificity and also priming the system for plasticity.
- Nathan G. Hedrick
- , Stephen C. Harward
- & Ryohei Yasuda
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Article |
Locus coeruleus and dopaminergic consolidation of everyday memory
Projections from the locus coeruleus, an area typically defined by noradrenergic signalling, to the hippocampus drive novelty-based memory enhancement through possible co-release of dopamine.
- Tomonori Takeuchi
- , Adrian J. Duszkiewicz
- & Richard G. M. Morris
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Letter |
Prefrontal neuronal assemblies temporally control fear behaviour
In the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, expression of conditioned fear is causally related to the organization of neurons into functional assemblies, defining tight temporal control of this behaviour.
- Cyril Dejean
- , Julien Courtin
- & Cyril Herry
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Letter |
A complement–microglial axis drives synapse loss during virus-induced memory impairment
People infected with West Nile virus often experience cognitive side effects including memory loss through unknown mechanisms; mice and humans infected with the virus experience a loss in hippocampal presynaptic terminals, which can be reversed by disrupting complement or microglia in mice.
- Michael J. Vasek
- , Charise Garber
- & Robyn S. Klein
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Letter |
A shared neural ensemble links distinct contextual memories encoded close in time
A similar neural ensemble participates in the encoding of two distinct memories, resulting in the recall of one memory increasing the likelihood of recalling the other, but only if those memories occur very closely in time—within a day rather than across a week.
- Denise J. Cai
- , Daniel Aharoni
- & Alcino J. Silva
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Letter |
Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
A genome-wide association study in 293,723 individuals identifies 74 genetic variants associated with educational attainment, which, although only explaining a small proportion of the variation in educational attainment, highlights candidate genes and pathways for further study.
- Aysu Okbay
- , Jonathan P. Beauchamp
- & Daniel J. Benjamin
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Robust neuronal dynamics in premotor cortex during motor planning
In mouse cortex, ‘preparatory’ activity that encodes future movements is remarkably robust against large-scale perturbations; this robustness is achieved by corrective signals from unperturbed parts of the network.
- Nuo Li
- , Kayvon Daie
- & Shaul Druckmann
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Letter |
Memory retrieval by activating engram cells in mouse models of early Alzheimer’s disease
Experiments in transgenic mouse models of early Alzheimer’s disease show that the amnesia seen at this stage of the disease is probably caused by a problem with memory retrieval from the hippocampus rather than an encoding defect.
- Dheeraj S. Roy
- , Autumn Arons
- & Susumu Tonegawa
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A hippocampal network for spatial coding during immobility and sleep
In the mammalian navigational system, neurons have been identified in the CA2 region of the hippocampus that keep track of position when an animal is not moving.
- Kenneth Kay
- , Marielena Sosa
- & Loren M. Frank
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Article |
Growth and splitting of neural sequences in songbird vocal development
Neural sequences recorded from the vocal premotor area HVC in juvenile birds learning song ‘syllables’ show ‘prototype’ syllables forming early, with multiple new highly divergent neural sequences emerging from this precursor syllable as learning progresses.
- Tatsuo S. Okubo
- , Emily L. Mackevicius
- & Michale S. Fee
Evolving schema representations in orbitofrontal ensembles during learning