Proteolysis articles within Nature Cell Biology

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  • News & Views |

    Regulatory mechanisms to prevent centriole overduplication during the cell cycle are not completely understood. In this issue, FBXW5 is shown to control the degradation of the centriole assembly factor HsSAS-6. Moreover, the study proposes that FBXW5 is a substrate of both PLK4 and APC/C, two established regulators of centriole duplication.

    • Julia Pagan
    •  & Michele Pagano

  • Letter |

    The lipid phosphatase and tumour suppressor PTEN is regulated by ubiquitylation. The E3 ligase WWP2/AIP-2 is found to mediate PTEN degradation and is suggested to function as an oncogene.

    • Subbareddy Maddika
    • , Sridhar Kavela
    •  & Junjie Chen

  • Article |

    The activity of protein kinase A (PKA) is regulated by association and dissociation of its regulatory (R) subunits. The E3 ubiquitin ligase praja2 is now shown to ubiquitylate and stimulate the degradation of the R subunits in response to elevated cAMP levels.

    • Luca Lignitto
    • , Annalisa Carlucci
    •  & Antonio Feliciello

  • Letter |

    Organelle DNA replication is coupled to nuclear DNA replication in plant cells. In the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, a plastid signalling molecule, Mg-ProtoIX, binds the F-box SCF ubiquitin ligase Fbx3 to inhibit cyclin 1 degradation and thus block nuclear DNA replication.

    • Yuki Kobayashi
    • , Sousuke Imamura
    •  & Kan Tanaka

  • Article |

    REST transcription factor is a master regulator of neural stem and progenitor cells, which is subjected to ubiquitylation-mediated proteasomal degradation during differentiation. In progenitor cells, degradation is inhibited by the action of the deubiquitylase enzyme HAUSP to prevent untimely neuronal differentiation.

    • Zhi Huang
    • , Qiulian Wu
    •  & Shideng Bao

  • News & Views |

    Substrate specificity in ubiquitylation is conferred by ubiquitin ligases (E3s). Now, several ways that E3s can interact to mediate ubiquitylation are illustrated for Ubr1 (a RING finger E3) and Ufd4 (a HECT domain E3), in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These interactions and the related concept of E4 activity are discussed.

    • Meredith B. Metzger
    •  & Allan M. Weissman

  • Article |

    SCFFbw7 mediates the ubiquitylation and degradation of Myc. Now, Myc is also shown to be stabilized by ubquitylation through SCFβ-TrCP. During recovery from S phase arrest, SCFβ-TrCP mediates the addition of a polyubiquitin chain on the Myc amino terminus that is functionally distinct from that formed by Fbw7.

    • Nikita Popov
    • , Christina Schülein
    •  & Martin Eilers

  • Article |

    The significance of autophagy for signal transduction has been unclear. Autophagy negatively regulates Wnt signalling by promoting Dishevelled (Dvl) degradation. The von Hippel-Lindau protein ubiquitylates Dvl to faciliatate its recruitment to autophagosomes through p62.

    • Chan Gao
    • , Weipeng Cao
    •  & Ye-Guang Chen

  • Article |

    The stress-activated kinase, JNK, is regulated by the anaphase promoting complex (APC) ubiquitin ligase. Conversely, JNK also negatively controls the APC by directly phosphorylating the Cdh1 component of the APC and decreasing its affinity for the APC core subunits.

    • Gustavo J. Gutierrez
    • , Toshiya Tsuji
    •  & Ze'ev A. Ronai

  • Letter |

    Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) bind to inactive Rho GTPases in the cytosol, but their function remains unclear. Several Rho GTPases are now shown to compete for RhoGDI binding and this is crucial for regulating Rho GTPase turnover and activation.

    • Etienne Boulter
    • , Rafael Garcia-Mata
    •  & Keith Burridge

  • Letter |

    Before meiosis II, centromeric sister chromatid cohesion is protected by shugoshin and protein phosphatase 2A, but the identity of the antagonising kinase has remained unclear. Casein kinase 1 is found to phosphorylate cohesin to promote its cleavage during fission yeast meiosis.

    • Tadashi Ishiguro
    • , Koichi Tanaka
    •  & Yoshinori Watanabe

  • News & Views |

    Recent studies have revealed a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease. The ubiquitin ligase Parkin and the protein kinase PINK1, whose mutations are associated with Parkinson's disease, function in a pathway that links ubiquitylation with selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria.

    • Philipp Wild
    •  & Ivan Dikic

  • Letter |

    Whether cohesion-independent forces hold chromosomes together in metaphase is a debated issue. Artificial cleavage of cohesin is sufficient to induce chromosome disjunction in Drosophila syncytical embryos but cdk1 inactivation is required for normal subsequent chromosome separation.

    • Raquel A. Oliveira
    • , Russell S. Hamilton
    •  & Kim Nasmyth

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