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Quality control of misfolded glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) does not occur through ER-associated degradation, as the lipid anchor precludes retrotranslocation across the ER membrane. Instead, different organisms have developed distinct solutions to prevent the accumulation of misfolded GPI-APs.
Numerous databases collate data on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); Ma and Zhang describe their range and discuss their contribution to lncRNA research.
In this Comment, the authors draw attention to non-apoptotic roles of BCL-2 proteins in the regulation of cellular senescence and voice the need for caution in using BCL-2 inhibitors as senolytics.
Fleming and Burrows discuss similarities between a gene-regulating DNA modification and a mutagenic one, which share a common intermediate when removed through base excision repair.
In response to tissue damage in adults, embryonic gene expression programmes are reactivated to enhance repair. Hassan Fazilaty describes a correlation between damage extent and how early in embryogenesis the restored expression programme is.
Oded Rechavi and Pavel Tomancak suggest a new approach to ascribing authorship in scientific papers that specifies who thought of each idea, who ran each experiment and who analysed the data.
This Comment draws attention to cellular protrusions as a source of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These protrusion-derived vesicles expand the repertoire of EVs, impacting current nomenclature and our understanding of EV functions in inter-cellular communication.
Bishop and Hawley argue against a direct relationship between changes in mRNA levels and the abundance of the proteins they encode in skeletal muscles in response to exercise.
Kempson and colleagues suggest that existing imaging assays do not quantitatively represent double-strand DNA breaks, and urge the development of more accurate assays.
Olivier Voinnet proposes that movement of gene-silencing small RNAs (sRNAs) in plants can be regulated by intracellular sRNA biogenesis and activity factors expressed in silencing-signal emitting, traversed and recipient cells.
Bracken and Goodall discuss why epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has so many regulators, but also consider whether many of these may be ‘false positives’.
Christine Mummery and Eric Anthony discuss some key changes to the ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, which concern, among other experimental procedures, the culturing of human embryos, genome editing and mitochondrial replacement techniques.
In this Comment, the authors draw attention to the role of partial order in biomolecular condensates and propose that cooperative, ordered interactions between condensate components could underlie the formation and function of these diverse macromolecular assemblies.
Rippe and Papantonis suggest that intrinsically disordered regions in transcription-relevant factors underlie the formation of both ‘transcriptional condensates’ and ‘transcription factories’.
Michele Vendruscolo and colleagues propose that polyglutamine repeat expansion diseases could be caused by glutaminyl-tRNA depletion, leading to ribosome frameshifting and mistranslation of transcripts with specific characteristics.
