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Volume 30 Issue 2, February 2024

Preventing HBV transmission

In this issue, Hou, Liu and colleagues present interim results from the SHIELD program, showing that a comprehensive intervention package is feasible and effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in various health settings in China. The cover is inspired by the traditional Chinese art of paper cutting and depicts a mother protecting her baby from infection with HBV.

See Yin et al.

Image: Jinlin Hou, Southern Medical University. Cover design: Marina Spence

Editorial

  • Effective and sustainable interventions to address the global burden of mental disorders in children and adolescents require evidence-based research that fully acknowledges the social, cultural and economic challenges.

    Editorial

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Correspondence

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World View

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News & Views

  • In military veterans with traumatic brain injury, treatment with ibogaine plus magnesium led to dramatic clinical improvements and a favorable safety profile; further studies with state-of-the art safety monitoring will be crucial to unlocking the potential benefits of this psychedelic compound.

    • David L. Brody
    • Shan H. Siddiqi
    News & Views
  • Credible evidence suggests that, under extraordinary circumstances, Alzheimer’s disease may be transmitted by a prion-like mechanism — yielding insights into both the basic biology of this neurodegenerative disorder and strategies for early prevention.

    • Mathias Jucker
    • Lary C. Walker
    News & Views
  • Senolytic therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to anti-VEGF treatment appears safe, and preliminary data suggest a therapeutic effect on visual acuity and macular thickness.

    • Tomoaki Murakami
    • Thomas W. Gardner
    News & Views
  • An AI-enabled chatbot increased self-referrals to psychological therapies for common mental health disorders; but further research is needed to ensure that better access translates into high-quality treatment experiences and outcomes for everyone.

    • Jacqueline Sin
    News & Views
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Research Briefings

  • In a prospective study involving 1,090 high-risk pregnancies, a comprehensive screening test of fetal cell-free DNA successfully detected pathogenic aneuploidies, microdeletions and monogenic variants linked to fetal anomalies. The inclusion of monogenic conditions alongside chromosomal abnormalities in this test resulted in a 60.7% increase in the detection rate for suspected fetal structural abnormalities.

    Research Briefing
  • In a large-scale digital experiment on dermatology diagnosis, we found that specialists and generalists achieved diagnostic accuracy of 38% and 19%, respectively. With decision support from a fair deep learning system, the diagnostic accuracy of physicians improved by more than 33%, but the gap in accuracy of generalists widened across skin tones.

    Research Briefing
  • We developed and validated a deep learning system (termed DeepDR Plus) in a diverse, multiethnic, multi-country dataset to predict personalized risk and time to progression of diabetic retinopathy. We show that DeepDR Plus can be integrated into the clinical workflow to promote individualized intervention strategies for the management of diabetic retinopathy.

    Research Briefing
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Review Articles

  • Robust validation of biomarkers of aging will be critical to their clinical translation; here, authors review the key challenges and propose recommendations to overcome them.

    • Mahdi Moqri
    • Chiara Herzog
    • Luigi Ferrucci
    Review Article
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