Research Highlight |
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Review Article |
Activation and regulation of alloreactive T cell immunity in solid organ transplantation
Alloimmune T cell responses have a crucial role in graft rejection. Here, the authors examine the factors that regulate T cell activation, differentiation and function in secondary lymphoid organs and in the graft, including the different pathways of allorecognition, innate–adaptive immunity crosstalk and the role of survival cytokines.
- Charlotte Duneton
- , Pamela D. Winterberg
- & Mandy L. Ford
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Review Article |
Tissue-resident memory T cells in the urogenital tract
Tissue-resident memory T cells are crucial to immune responses in epithelial and mucosal tissues. This Review examines the unique characteristics and differentiation pathways of these cells, as well as their unique adaptations in the urogenital tract, and their role in infection, cancer, inflammatory diseases and transplantation.
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- , Michiel C. van Aalderen
- & Klaas P. J. M. van Gisbergen
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Review Article |
Unconventional T cells and kidney disease
This Review examines the unique biological characteristics of unconventional T cells, including γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and natural killer T cells, and their roles in kidney injury, glomerulopathies and fibrosis. The authors also discuss the potential clinical applications of these cells, including in patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis or transplantation.
- Hannah Kaminski
- , Lionel Couzi
- & Matthias Eberl
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Review Article |
The role of sodium in modulating immune cell function
Sodium has a crucial role in osmoregulation and fluid balance. In this Review, the authors discuss how sodium is also an important functional modulator of innate and adaptive immune cells and how it might be linked to chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Nicola Wilck
- , András Balogh
- & Dominik N. Müller
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Year in Review |
Protecting the kidney against autoimmunity and inflammation
Numerous exciting studies that advanced our understanding of immune-mediated kidney disease were published in 2018. Whereas most of these studies analysed the role of pro-inflammatory mediators, several novel anti-inflammatory mechanisms were discovered that involve immune cells and mediators with previously unrecognized protective roles in renal disease.
- Christian Kurts
- & Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
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Research Highlight |
A CD4+ T cell population provides B cell help in systemic lupus erythematosus
- Susan J. Allison
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Research Highlight |
Breaches in the Bowman’s capsule and CD8+ T cell infiltration in crescentic GN
- Susan J. Allison
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Year in Review |
Novel mechanisms of hypertension and vascular dysfunction
New findings in 2017 enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. Key studies provided insights into immune mechanisms, the role of the gut microbiota, the adverse effects of perivascular fat and inflammation on the vasculature, and the contribution of rare variants in renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system genes to salt sensitivity.
- Ernesto L. Schiffrin
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Review Article |
T helper type 17 cells in immune-mediated glomerular disease
A growing body of evidence supports a key role for T helper type 17 (TH17) cells in the development of renal damage. This Review discusses the identification, regulation, and function of TH17 cells and their associated pathways in immune-mediated kidney diseases, with particular focus on the mechanisms underlying renal tissue injury.
- Christian F. Krebs
- , Tilman Schmidt
- & Ulf Panzer
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Review Article |
T cells and autoimmune kidney disease
T cells are critical drivers of autoimmunity and related organ damage, by supporting B-cell differentiation and antibody production or by directly promoting inflammation and cytotoxicity. This Review discusses the immune features of autoimmune nephropathies, with a focus on systemic lupus erythematosus and the role of T cells.
- Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- , Sean J. Bradley
- & George C. Tsokos
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Review Article |
The importance of non-HLA antibodies in transplantation
Antibodies directed against non-HLA antigens such as angiotensin type 1 receptor, perlecan and collagen have been implicated in antibody-mediated rejection. Here, Elaine Reed and Qiuheng Zhang discuss the clinical relevance and pathogenesis of these non-HLA antibodies in renal, heart and lung transplantation.
- Qiuheng Zhang
- & Elaine F. Reed
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Review Article |
Memory T cells in organ transplantation: progress and challenges
Memory T cells and their ability to generate an anamnestic response are vital for protective immunity, but have a potentially detrimental impact on allograft survival. Here, Allan Kirk and colleagues discuss the generation of memory T cells, their role in allograft rejection and therapeutic strategies that target allospecific memory T-cell responses and might improve outcomes in organ transplantation.
- Jaclyn R. Espinosa
- , Kannan P. Samy
- & Allan D. Kirk
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Research Highlight |
T-cell exhaustion limits immune reactivity and is associated with good prognosis in autoimmune disease
- Ellen F. Carney
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News & Views |
Molecular phenotyping of T-cell-mediated rejection
A new study has reported a molecular signature of T-cell-mediated rejection in human kidney transplant biopsy samples that is enriched for effector T cells, interferon-γ and macrophages. Inhibitors of T-cell activation, such as CTLA4 and PDL1, were also prominent, raising the possibility that these immunological constrains could be harnessed by therapies for treating rejection.
- Anita S. Chong
- & David L. Perkins
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Research Highlight |
Human antibody-mediated T-cell suppression for kidney transplantation
- Peter Sidaway
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News & Views |
TREG cells in transplantation—a double-edged sword?
Immunosuppressive drugs commonly used in transplantation and autoimmune diseases are unfortunately associated with increased cancer incidence. Now, a new study reports a direct relationship between the number of regulatory T cells in the blood and the risk of developing invasive skin cancer in kidney transplant recipients.
- Fadi G. Lakkis
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Review Article |
An update on regulatory T cells in transplant tolerance and rejection
Promoting the development and maintenance of regulatory responses through the promotion of regulatory T (TREG) cells represents a promising approach for the induction of transplantation tolerance. In this Review, Li and Turka provide an overview of TREG cells, focusing on the challenges, opportunities, and emerging approaches in exploiting FOXP3+ TREGcells for the induction of transplant tolerance.
- Xian Chang Li
- & Laurence A. Turka
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Research Highlight |
TREG cells predict risk of cutaneous squamous cell cancer after transplantation
- Susan J. Allison
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VHL loss attracts immune cells to tumours
Canagliflozin disrupts T cell activation
Mannose as a driver of γδ T cell kidney infiltration
Targeting iron uptake to correct T cell dysfunction
HLA-mediated protection in Goodpasture disease
Role of γδ T cells in the development of hypertension
Egress of intestinal TH17 cells in autoimmune renal disease
Differential effects of salt on immune cell activity
Clonal deletion contributes to allograft tolerance
Dendritic cells: linking oxidation and hypertension
Erythropoietin inhibits proliferation of human T cells
CMV status affects hemoglobin levels and epoetin need