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Here the authors visualize the workings of ELOF1 in transcription-coupled DNA repair, showing that ELOF1 repositions repair factors on the surface of DNA damage-stalled RNA polymerase II to facilitate its ubiquitylation by the CRL4CSA E3 ligase and inactivation by UVSSA.
The authors employ cryo-ET to study the structure of the palisade layer of the mature vaccinia virus core in isolation, as well as inside infected cells, revealing that it is composed of A10 protein trimers.
Here, the authors elucidate how sequential activities of opposite-polarity microtubule motors are coordinated on a cargo, by showing how the Tm1 protein inhibits kinesin-1 during delivery of oskar RNA into the Drosophila oocyte by dynein.
A variant predicted to affect chromosome alignment in meiosis associates with intrachromosomal positioning of recombination and increases risk of detectable pregnancy loss by 22%, likely through missegregation of chromosomes.
Structures of complete extracellular receptor assemblies mediated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 reveal key commonalities and diverse features, with only IL-12 juxtaposing receptor domains proximal to the cell membrane.
The authors report the structure of a human 48S translation initiation complex, finding a second molecule of eIF4A at the mRNA entry site, apart from the one present within the cap-binding complex eIF4F. This second entry-site eIF4A may be responsible for unwinding mRNA secondary structure.
This study reveals the mechanism by which protons gate a CLC-type Cl−/H+ exchanger. The authors show that pH-dependent concerted structural rearrangements open the H+ pathway, which allosterically enables the Cl− pore opening and ion exchange.
Liu et al. show how cortactin stabilizes Arp2/3 actin branches by binding the daughter filament. It stabilizes the interface of activated Arp3 with the first actin subunit of the new filament, and its central repeats extend along successive daughter-filament subunits.
Structural and biochemical studies show PU.1 facilitates C/EBPa binding to the CX3CR1 nucleosome by interacting with histone H2A and shifting the DNA position, leading to unwrapping of nucleosomal DNA and opening of the H1-condensed nucleosome array.
January 2024 marks 30 years since we published our first volume. Throughout the upcoming year, we will be celebrating this milestone, reflecting on the road covered and looking toward the future — with the help of our readers.
Collaboration is key to modern science, with major advances using multiple complementary approaches and dependent on sophisticated infrastructure. Yet science is also highly personal, as each person carves out a reputation and career. How does this work out in reality, and how can communities be built to benefit science and scientists?
Here we investigate the role of epigenetics in the formation, transcription regulation, maintenance and termination of several non-canonical chromatin structures. Using two examples, we demonstrate how studying non-canonical structures may reveal underlying mechanisms with implications for disease and propose intriguing epigenetic avenues for further exploration.
Here the authors report that TFAP2C and NR5A2, two TF lineage regulators, activate both inner cell mass and trophectoderm programs in totipotent mouse embryos, leading to ‘bipotency activation’ to initiate the first cell-fate specification.
Using a combination of bioinformatics, biochemistry, genetics, genomics and cell-based approaches, this study shows that the H3–H4 binding capacity of the histone chaperone SPT2 is required to preserve chromatin structure and function in Metazoa.
In this study, Asami et al. present the cryo-EM structure of the complex between hepatitis B virus protein and its host entry receptor NTCP, which provide a blueprint for the rational design of anti-HBV drugs targeting virus entry.
MRP4 is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that transports prostanoids, a group of signaling molecules. The authors use cryo-EM to visualize the transport cycle and characterize its substrate selectivity.