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Here, the authors show that deletion of Pglyrp1 promotes antitumor immunity owing to its inhibitory function in CD8+ T cells and that targeting it can inhibit development of autoimmune neuroinflammation. These findings indicate that PGLYRP1 might be a target for immunotherapy.
Yuan and colleagues show that ERMAP expression on cancer cells delivers an ‘eat me’ signal to Kupffer cells by binding to Gal-9–dectin-2 on Kupffer cells and triggering phagocytosis.
The malate shuttle is understood to control the NAD+/NADH balance. Here the authors show that GOT1, a central enzyme in the malate shuttle, rather promotes antiviral CD8+ T cell responses by detoxifying ammonia.
Peduto and colleagues report a role for ADAM12+ mesenchymal stromal cells at the tumor margins and their interaction with immune cells to promote a permissive ‘protumor’ environment.
The APOE4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this manuscript, Butovsky and colleagues suggest that APOE4 impairs the microglial response in AD by inducing TGFβ-mediated checkpoints.
Here the authors use single cell profiling of T cells across the human lifespan to show that a suboptimal TCR shift in T cells as we enter older age results in a molecular signature that resembles that of T cells from newborns and children.
Satija and colleagues use multimodal sequencing technologies and cross-modality integration tools to define distinct subpopulations of CD8+ T cells that are predictive of COVID-19 severity.
Wherry and colleagues define the kinetics of vaccine-primed recall immune responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection, highlighting rapid activation of memory T cells and broadly enhanced immune responses in previously vaccinated individuals.
The mechanisms by which noncoding genetic variation shapes tissue macrophage phenotypic diversity remain obscure. Glass and colleagues define cell-intrinsic and environmental effects contributing to genetic control of Kupffer cell transcription.
Iron metabolism has been shown to play an important role in the development and function of the immune system, but its role in ILC3s is unclear. Here the authors show that CD71-mediated iron metabolism controls ILC3 proliferation and the host response to Citrobacterrodentium infection and CD71 expression is regulated by Ahr signaling.
Santosa et al. show that IRF4 is upregulated upon NK cell activation and acts as a signal integrator for the differentiation and expansion of mouse cytomegalovirus-specific NK cells by partly controlling nutrient uptake required for adaptive NK cell responses.
Chi and colleagues identify brain-resident CXCR6+PD-1+CD8+ T cells that interact with resident microglia to limit immune-mediated pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.
Here the authors show that TFPI2 promotes glioblastoma stem cell self-renewal and connects stemness to microglia immunosuppression, plus targeting TFPI2-mediated glioblastoma stem cell–microglia symbiosis inhibits tumor growth and synergizes with anti-PD1 therapy in glioblastoma.
Zikherman and colleagues uncover a new mechanism by which B cells recognize virus-like antigen display as a stand-alone danger signal (independent of nucleic acid cargo) that does not rely exclusively on avidity and BCR cross-linking.
The DNA-binding domains of transcription factors have been well characterized, but whether their intrinsically disordered regions control cell fate is unclear. Here, the authors show the functional and mechanistic importance of an intrinsically disordered region of TCF-1 in T cell development.
Thomas and colleagues examine preinfection baseline parameters of cellular and serologic immunity. Their findings collectively show that peripheral cell composition provides better correlates of immune protection from symptomatic influenza infection than vaccination, demographics or serology alone.
Here, the authors show that short-term consumption of energy-dense diets deficient in fiber, similar to eating patterns for many people today, results in a transient depression of the mucosal and systemic immune systems such that susceptibility to bacterial infection is increased.
Runx family proteins direct lineage-fate decisions in multiple cell types. Here, Rothenberg and colleagues show how limited Runx protein abundance dictates T cell lineage developmental kinetics through competition for binding by its protein interaction partners.
Here the authors identify genetic effectors of the level of inflammation-related plasma proteins and use Mendelian randomization to identify proteins that contribute to immune-mediated disease risk.
DeNardo and colleagues show that tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) have a protective role during pancreas inflammation by triggering the activation of fibroblasts, but that TRM-driven fibrosis drives pancreas cancer pathogenesis.