2021 Research Leaders: Leading institutions

The 2021 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.

Table criteria

Position Institution Share 2019 Share 2020 Count 2020 Change in Adjusted Share* 2019–2020
1 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China 1811.34 1890.31 5790 0.6% Increase
2 Harvard University, United States of America (USA) 924.00 924.57 2643 -3.5% Decrease
3 Max Planck Society, Germany 767.61 793.84 2680 -0.3% Decrease
4 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France 714.04 695.95 4541 -6.0% Decrease
5 Stanford University, United States of America (USA) 647.70 636.59 1730 -5.2% Decrease
6 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany 489.94 582.64 2521 14.7% Increase
7 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) 561.54 526.01 1879 -9.7% Decrease
8 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 431.40 461.12 1310 3.1% Increase
9 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 456.34 459.99 1441 -2.8% Decrease
10 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 419.29 457.10 1441 5.1% Increase
11 University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China 455.78 449.18 1208 -5.0% Decrease
12 Peking University (PKU), China 437.95 446.95 1636 -1.6% Decrease
13 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China 408.57 425.51 2506 0.4% Increase
14 Nanjing University (NJU), China 425.54 417.66 1022 -5.4% Decrease
15 National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (USA) 394.26 399.22 1071 -2.4% Decrease
16 University of Michigan (U-M), United States of America (USA) 343.97 398.65 1077 11.7% Increase
17 University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), United States of America (USA) 390.52 394.96 1345 -2.5% Decrease
18 Tsinghua University, China 428.62 394.15 1359 -11.3% Decrease
19 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 403.35 379.03 1058 -9.4% Decrease
20 Yale University, United States of America (USA) 338.76 360.82 1056 2.7% Increase
21 Zhejiang University (ZJU), China 330.24 342.73 853 0.1% Increase
22 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States of America (USA) 338.58 339.92 1121 -3.2% Decrease
23 University of Toronto (U of T), Canada 309.66 337.20 885 5.0% Increase
24 University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), United States of America (USA) 341.32 336.43 980 -5.0% Decrease
25 Columbia University in the City of New York (CU), United States of America (USA) 304.04 331.43 1022 5.1% Increase
26 Cornell University, United States of America (USA) 320.26 315.33 1003 -5.1% Decrease
27 Northwestern University (NU), United States of America (USA) 316.83 314.57 756 -4.3% Decrease
28 University of Pennsylvania (Penn), United States of America (USA) 300.76 304.80 860 -2.3% Decrease
29 National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 255.38 300.51 844 13.5% Increase
30 Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China 243.65 295.86 837 17.1% Increase
31 California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States of America (USA) 286.61 294.43 939 -1.0% Decrease
32 Johns Hopkins University (JHU), United States of America (USA) 287.53 293.15 964 -1.7% Decrease
33 Fudan University, China 271.62 291.42 802 3.4% Increase
34 Princeton University, United States of America (USA) 261.15 275.00 797 1.5% Increase
35 Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), China 259.26 269.08 715 0.1% Increase
36 University of Washington (UW), United States of America (USA) 304.07 268.67 1005 -14.8% Decrease
37 Kyoto University, Japan 252.15 267.45 696 2.3% Increase
38 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 268.84 260.31 630 -6.6% Decrease
39 The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), United States of America (USA) 222.51 259.46 790 12.4% Increase
40 Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 221.19 254.01 962 10.7% Increase
41 The University of Chicago (UChicago), United States of America (USA) 237.92 252.18 775 2.2% Increase
42 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia 197.30 236.21 935 15.4% Increase
43 University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), United States of America (USA) 214.72 234.38 695 5.2% Increase
44 Nankai University (NKU), China 244.07 230.85 569 -8.8% Decrease
45 The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), United States of America (USA) 200.93 227.80 670 9.3% Increase
46 Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), United States of America (USA) 197.76 222.50 616 8.5% Increase
47 Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 231.61 221.92 570 -7.6% Decrease
48 Sichuan University (SCU), China 223.73 220.61 396 -4.9% Decrease
49 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain 210.78 220.48 1307 0.9% Increase
50 Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China 128.09 219.63 589 65.3% Increase
51 Duke University, United States of America (USA) 227.11 216.74 700 -8.0% Decrease
52 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States of America (USA) 230.78 216.58 620 -9.5% Decrease
53 University of Minnesota (UMN), United States of America (USA) 214.29 213.06 713 -4.1% Decrease
54 UCL, United Kingdom (UK) 216.41 211.16 916 -5.9% Decrease
55 Wuhan University (WHU), China 217.14 207.90 495 -7.7% Decrease
56 University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), United States of America (USA) 236.22 207.79 663 -15.2% Decrease
57 New York University (NYU), United States of America (USA) 192.48 200.40 636 0.4% Increase
58 Leibniz Association, Germany 201.01 199.30 993 -4.4% Decrease
59 Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea 168.33 198.82 552 13.9% Increase
60 Soochow University, China 229.36 197.10 423 -17.1% Decrease
61 University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), United States of America (USA) 200.63 196.14 578 -5.7% Decrease
62 Xiamen University (XMU), China 182.90 194.41 394 2.5% Increase
63 University of California, Davis (UC Davis), United States of America (USA) 164.45 191.16 586 12.1% Increase
64 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea 151.84 187.74 399 19.2% Increase
65 Osaka University, Japan 182.59 184.21 519 -2.7% Decrease
66 Jilin University (JLU), China 161.70 181.70 416 8.3% Increase
67 Texas A&M University (TAMU), United States of America (USA) 146.68 177.11 564 16.4% Increase
68 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), United States of America (USA) 168.23 174.87 564 0.2% Increase
69 Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Israel 153.37 174.21 430 9.5% Increase
70 Tianjin University (TJU), China 157.12 173.73 663 6.6% Increase
71 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), United States of America (USA) 161.98 172.09 885 2.4% Increase
72 Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China 195.07 171.79 461 -15.1% Decrease
73 University of Colorado Boulder (CU-Boulder), United States of America (USA) 170.62 167.66 693 -5.3% Decrease
74 RIKEN, Japan 124.74 164.41 706 27.1% Increase
75 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany 184.12 163.04 648 -14.6% Decrease
76 Tohoku University, Japan 142.68 162.77 530 10.0% Increase
77 McGill University, Canada 160.54 162.26 586 -2.6% Decrease
78 Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany 154.86 161.63 631 0.6% Increase
79 The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia 116.62 161.24 525 33.3% Increase
80 Purdue University, United States of America (USA) 139.87 159.77 435 10.1% Increase
81 The Ohio State University (OSU), United States of America (USA) 157.24 159.10 612 -2.4% Decrease
82 University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), United States of America (USA) 145.87 158.68 563 4.9% Increase
83 University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark 151.43 158.63 664 1.0% Increase
84 University of California, Irvine (UCI), United States of America (USA) 142.81 156.38 482 5.6% Increase
85 University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia 133.61 155.50 545 12.2% Increase
86 University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP), United States of America (USA) 163.64 154.49 704 -9.0% Decrease
87 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy 136.10 152.63 743 8.1% Increase
88 The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern Medical Center), United States of America (USA) 139.78 149.89 312 3.4% Increase
89 Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), United States of America (USA) 162.63 149.61 458 -11.3% Decrease
90 The University of Manchester (UoM), United Kingdom (UK) 146.03 148.33 569 -2.1% Decrease
91 Nagoya University, Japan 112.84 147.31 417 25.9% Increase
92 The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK) 150.74 143.50 656 -8.2% Decrease
93 University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland 136.43 143.13 652 1.1% Increase
94 Hunan University (HNU), China 144.25 140.66 295 -6.0% Decrease
95 University of Münster (WWU), Germany 109.32 139.91 362 23.4% Increase
96 East China Normal University (ECNU), China 116.93 139.08 326 14.7% Increase
97 Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany 138.80 138.84 626 -3.6% Decrease
98 University of Bristol (UoB), United Kingdom (UK) 134.55 137.02 469 -1.8% Decrease
99 Vanderbilt University (VU), United States of America (USA) 116.67 134.01 472 10.7% Increase
100 Shandong University (SDU), China 118.24 133.20 517 8.6% Increase
101 Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan 149.51 133.02 383 -14.2% Decrease
102 The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada 143.98 132.72 497 -11.1% Decrease
103 University of Southern California (USC), United States of America (USA) 149.30 132.07 413 -14.7% Decrease
104 Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands 124.27 131.50 634 2.0% Increase
105 Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), China 109.47 131.46 302 15.8% Increase
106 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (RU), United States of America (USA) 135.15 131.24 521 -6.4% Decrease
107 The University of Utah (Utah), United States of America (USA) 126.92 130.57 357 -0.8% Decrease
108 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), China 120.74 128.04 380 2.2% Increase
109 Tongji University, China 110.20 127.42 434 11.5% Increase
110 Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI), Israel 116.95 127.28 301 4.9% Increase
111 Beijing Normal University (BNU), China 120.59 125.40 407 0.3% Increase
112 University of Würzburg (JMU), Germany 115.64 125.09 363 4.3% Increase
113 Monash University, Australia 131.75 124.31 540 -9.0% Decrease
114 Lanzhou University (LZU), China 115.86 124.30 297 3.4% Increase
115 South China University of Technology (SCUT), China 122.99 123.26 319 -3.4% Decrease
116 University of Florida (UF), United States of America (USA) 123.73 121.30 579 -5.5% Decrease
117 Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Israel 98.17 120.63 277 18.5% Increase
118 Scripps Research, United States of America (USA) 119.60 119.37 268 -3.8% Decrease
119 Arizona State University (ASU), United States of America (USA) 97.52 119.36 411 18.0% Increase
120 The University of Arizona (Arizona), United States of America (USA) 93.10 118.23 484 22.4% Increase
121 Emory University, United States of America (USA) 93.60 117.84 367 21.4% Increase
122 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States of America (USA) 139.00 117.25 632 -18.7% Decrease
123 Uppsala University (UU), Sweden 93.13 117.05 493 21.2% Increase
124 University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland 114.79 115.99 388 -2.6% Decrease
125 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia 106.82 114.99 267 3.8% Increase
126 Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), China 119.49 114.00 313 -8.0% Decrease
127 Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium 108.96 112.35 401 -0.6% Decrease
128 Indiana University (IU), United States of America (USA) 112.03 112.32 440 -3.3% Decrease
129 Hokkaido University, Japan 109.33 112.31 289 -1.0% Decrease
130 Rice University, United States of America (USA) 113.63 112.12 403 -4.9% Decrease
131 Boston University (BU), United States of America (USA) 107.08 112.08 593 0.9% Increase
132 Kyushu University, Japan 100.48 111.50 340 7.0% Increase
133 The University of Melbourne (UniMelb), Australia 102.18 111.26 575 5.0% Increase
134 Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), United States of America (USA) 118.83 108.85 560 -11.7% Decrease
135 East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), China 117.35 107.96 196 -11.3% Decrease
136 University of Groningen (RUG), Netherlands 97.08 106.91 411 6.2% Increase
137 Sorbonne University, France 111.18 104.87 1113 -9.1% Decrease
138 National Research Council (CNR), Italy 97.20 104.17 521 3.3% Increase
139 University of Göttingen, Germany 101.35 103.94 376 -1.1% Decrease
140 University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany 90.57 103.91 310 10.6% Increase
141 University of California, Riverside (UCR), United States of America (USA) 113.20 102.73 320 -12.5% Decrease
142 Zhengzhou University (ZZU), China 80.19 101.89 418 22.5% Increase
143 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), United States of America (USA) 84.68 101.62 462 15.7% Increase
144 UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), United Kingdom (UK) 93.31 101.03 779 4.4% Increase
145 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), United States of America (USA) 93.76 100.72 295 3.6% Increase
146 University of Alberta (U of A), Canada 95.82 100.70 322 1.3% Increase
147 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain 104.17 100.43 384 -7.1% Decrease
148 Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), United States of America (USA) 89.41 100.26 377 8.1% Increase
149 Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), Germany 102.65 99.57 588 -6.5% Decrease
150 National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan 72.65 99.21 366 31.7% Increase
151 University of Basel (UB), Switzerland 104.80 98.28 328 -9.6% Decrease
152 RWTH Aachen University (RWTH Aachen), Germany 102.31 97.84 401 -7.8% Decrease
153 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), United States of America (USA) 105.34 96.87 349 -11.3% Decrease
154 Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden 83.10 95.86 421 11.2% Increase
155 Yonsei University, South Korea 88.08 95.81 317 4.9% Increase
156 Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Czech Republic 93.57 95.10 438 -2.0% Decrease
157 TU Dresden, Germany 92.05 94.45 444 -1.1% Decrease
158 The University of Hong Kong (HKU), China 89.85 94.32 415 1.2% Increase
159 University of Virginia (UVA), United States of America (USA) 87.08 94.29 383 4.4% Increase
160 City University of Hong Kong (CityU), China 67.21 93.52 315 34.2% Increase
161 Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), China 108.53 93.02 184 -17.4% Decrease
162 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), China 90.90 92.49 380 -1.9% Decrease
163 Dalian University of Technology (DUT), China 105.78 92.42 202 -15.8% Decrease
164 National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France 92.93 92.13 1015 -4.4% Decrease
165 National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan 84.55 91.90 373 4.8% Increase
166 Stockholm University, Sweden 82.46 91.67 497 7.2% Increase
167 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States of America (USA) 96.88 91.30 348 -9.1% Decrease
168 Aarhus University (AU), Denmark 91.37 91.10 303 -3.9% Decrease
169 Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea 82.33 90.92 262 6.5% Increase
170 Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel 108.21 90.86 318 -19.0% Decrease
171 Brown University, United States of America (USA) 86.91 90.49 305 0.4% Increase
172 Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), South Korea 84.80 90.19 221 2.5% Increase
173 State University of New York at Stony Brook (SUNY Stony Brook), United States of America (USA) 78.79 90.01 425 10.1% Increase
174 Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands 80.84 89.81 266 7.1% Increase
175 Central South University (CSU), China 87.64 88.89 274 -2.2% Decrease
176 Australian National University (ANU), Australia 104.86 88.75 332 -18.4% Decrease
177 University of Paris-Saclay, France 92.63 88.40 787 -8.0% Decrease
178 University of Tübingen (Uni Tübingen), Germany 85.02 88.06 367 -0.1% Decrease
179 The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), France 92.56 87.58 844 -8.8% Decrease
180 University of Freiburg (Uni Freiburg), Germany 105.20 87.46 295 -19.8% Decrease
181 Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), United States of America (USA) 82.72 87.30 357 1.8% Increase
182 Institute for Basic Science (IBS), South Korea 89.27 87.07 346 -6.0% Decrease
183 Michigan State University (MSU), United States of America (USA) 71.58 86.86 443 17.0% Increase
184 Leiden University, Netherlands 82.57 86.62 362 1.1% Increase
185 King's College London (KCL), United Kingdom (UK) 75.68 86.20 416 9.8% Increase
186 Lund University (LU), Sweden 77.27 85.86 373 7.1% Increase
187 Shenzhen University (SZU), China 79.06 85.36 269 4.1% Increase
188 Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), China 86.39 84.94 210 -5.2% Decrease
189 North Carolina State University (NCSU), United States of America (USA) 88.16 84.77 281 -7.3% Decrease
190 Southeast University (SEU), China 81.26 83.88 210 -0.5% Decrease
191 The Rockefeller University, United States of America (USA) 93.83 83.82 243 -13.9% Decrease
192 University of Leeds, United Kingdom (UK) 72.41 82.93 297 10.4% Increase
193 University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst), United States of America (USA) 78.96 82.56 293 0.8% Increase
194 University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), United States of America (USA) 65.37 82.49 300 21.7% Increase
195 Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS), United States of America (USA) 62.43 82.49 378 27.4% Increase
196 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), United States of America (USA) 65.36 81.96 229 20.9% Increase
197 Durham University, United Kingdom (UK) 85.01 81.03 268 -8.1% Decrease
198 People's Liberation Army (PLA), China 70.63 80.75 324 10.2% Increase
199 Ghent University (UGent), Belgium 75.76 80.63 320 2.6% Increase
200 Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark 71.21 79.97 283 8.3% Increase
201 University of Hamburg (UHH), Germany 91.88 79.71 437 -16.4% Decrease
202 Colorado State University, United States of America (USA) 95.46 79.17 263 -20.0% Decrease
203 University of Rochester (UR), United States of America (USA) 72.67 78.82 268 4.6% Increase
204 Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), China 87.23 78.79 192 -12.9% Decrease
205 U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), United States of America (USA) 86.57 78.40 310 -12.7% Decrease
206 University of Barcelona (UB), Spain 68.37 77.66 416 9.5% Increase
207 Jinan University (JNU), China 66.74 77.38 200 11.8% Increase
208 China University of Geosciences (CUG), China 65.43 76.81 218 13.2% Increase
209 Southwest University (SWU), China 78.21 76.68 121 -5.5% Decrease
210 University of Southampton (Soton), United Kingdom (UK) 76.01 76.66 338 -2.8% Decrease
211 Université PSL, France 90.18 76.62 833 -18.1% Decrease
212 Indian Institute of Science (IISc), India 84.82 76.59 192 -12.9% Decrease
213 Beihang University (BUAA), China 90.07 76.54 352 -18.1% Decrease
214 Academia Sinica, Taiwan 69.62 76.47 336 5.9% Increase
215 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Germany 84.51 76.24 363 -13.0% Decrease
216 University of Vienna, Austria 86.40 76.22 303 -14.9% Decrease
217 University of Amsterdam (UvA), Netherlands 89.28 76.18 584 -17.7% Decrease
218 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America (USA) 74.20 76.16 329 -1.0% Decrease
219 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan 71.49 75.93 259 2.4% Increase
220 Radboud University Nijmegen (RU), Netherlands 74.16 75.33 498 -2.1% Decrease
221 University of Oslo (UiO), Norway 77.55 75.30 352 -6.4% Decrease
222 The University of Sydney (USYD), Australia 79.82 75.29 377 -9.1% Decrease
223 University of Bern (UniBE), Switzerland 62.85 75.28 340 15.5% Increase
224 Goethe University Frankfurt (GU), Germany 83.98 75.26 291 -13.6% Decrease
225 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States of America (USA) 71.91 75.03 332 0.6% Increase
226 Iowa State University, United States of America (USA) 64.38 74.60 278 11.7% Increase
227 Korea University, South Korea 65.29 74.56 316 10.1% Increase
228 The University of Warwick (Warwick), United Kingdom (UK) 73.57 74.31 334 -2.6% Decrease
229 Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Poland 62.10 74.31 370 15.4% Increase
230 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), United States of America (USA) 74.38 74.10 203 -4.0% Decrease
231 Chongqing University (CQU), China 59.24 74.09 171 20.6% Increase
232 Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), United States of America (USA) 75.20 73.92 358 -5.2% Decrease
233 Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), South Korea 86.95 73.33 280 -18.7% Decrease
234 University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), United States of America (USA) 64.32 73.23 380 9.8% Increase
235 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (UK) 86.04 72.96 407 -18.2% Decrease
236 Paris Cité University, France 64.45 72.74 862 8.8% Increase
237 Shandong Normal University (SDNU), China 66.98 72.58 141 4.5% Increase
238 Florida State University (FSU), United States of America (USA) 63.13 72.14 395 10.2% Increase
239 University of Waterloo, Canada 70.86 71.42 185 -2.8% Decrease
240 University of Cincinnati (UC), United States of America (USA) 65.33 70.96 250 4.7% Increase
241 Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain 74.08 70.67 417 -8.0% Decrease
242 ShanghaiTech University, China 52.99 70.26 280 27.9% Increase
243 University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland 64.87 70.18 242 4.3% Increase
244 University of Regensburg (UR), Germany 79.91 69.98 174 -15.6% Decrease
245 Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), United States of America (USA) 73.63 68.89 267 -9.8% Decrease
246 Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin), Germany 59.06 68.42 568 11.7% Increase
247 Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), United Kingdom (UK) 55.96 68.42 303 17.9% Increase
248 University of Bonn (Uni Bonn), Germany 72.19 68.34 332 -8.7% Decrease
249 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 73.40 66.82 260 -12.2% Decrease
250 University of Oregon (UO), United States of America (USA) 63.50 66.57 194 1.1% Increase
251 The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (UK) 79.55 66.23 270 -19.7% Decrease
252 University of Cologne (UoC), Germany 71.75 65.86 268 -11.5% Decrease
253 University of Connecticut (UConn), United States of America (USA) 60.45 65.83 216 5.0% Increase
254 Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Netherlands 68.24 65.48 158 -7.5% Decrease
255 University of Helsinki, Finland 64.78 64.71 406 -3.7% Decrease
256 Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers), Sweden 45.50 64.70 200 37.1% Increase
257 University of Lyon, France 63.62 64.64 460 -2.0% Decrease
258 University of Delaware (UD), United States of America (USA) 51.87 64.15 177 19.2% Increase
259 University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China 63.92 64.11 167 -3.3% Decrease
260 The University of Nottingham (UoN), United Kingdom (UK) 52.77 63.62 233 16.2% Increase
261 Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany 56.42 63.47 210 8.5% Increase
262 University of Calgary (U of C), Canada 61.07 63.47 181 0.2% Increase
263 The University of Iowa (UI), United States of America (USA) 74.92 62.90 314 -19.1% Decrease
264 Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), United States of America (USA) 66.10 62.76 211 -8.5% Decrease
265 University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK) 60.96 62.04 243 -1.9% Decrease
266 The University of Georgia (UGA), United States of America (USA) 44.02 61.84 188 35.4% Increase
267 University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (UK) 62.18 61.50 363 -4.6% Decrease
268 University of Houston (UH), United States of America (USA) 58.19 60.95 219 1.0% Increase
269 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain 50.68 60.61 302 15.3% Increase
270 KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden 65.56 60.36 411 -11.2% Decrease
271 Fuzhou University (FZU), China 90.26 60.23 122 -35.7% Decrease
272 Mayo Clinic, United States of America (USA) 40.89 60.03 194 41.6% Increase
273 University of Birmingham (UB), United Kingdom (UK) 63.52 59.90 341 -9.1% Decrease
274 University of Notre Dame (ND), United States of America (USA) 52.61 59.83 224 9.6% Increase
275 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Switzerland 47.80 59.77 144 20.5% Increase
276 Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), China 54.46 59.74 119 5.8% Increase
277 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), India 61.12 59.66 198 -5.9% Decrease
278 The City University of New York (CUNY), United States of America (USA) 51.76 59.09 204 10.1% Increase
279 The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 51.50 58.84 179 10.2% Increase
280 Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Germany 58.63 58.63 212 -3.6% Decrease
281 Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland 52.25 58.31 266 7.6% Increase
282 Zhejiang University of Technology (ZJUT), China 49.36 58.24 134 13.7% Increase
283 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), China 41.77 58.09 223 34.1% Increase
284 Northwest University (NWU), China 54.94 57.71 128 1.3% Increase
285 Shanghai University (SHU), China 60.39 57.63 140 -8.0% Decrease
286 Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), India 59.03 57.59 206 -5.9% Decrease
287 University of Ottawa (uOttawa), Canada 57.70 57.05 182 -4.7% Decrease
288 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), China 53.03 56.76 202 3.2% Increase
289 University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil 51.25 56.51 293 6.3% Increase
290 University of Montreal (UdeM), Canada 56.50 56.03 319 -4.4% Decrease
291 University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY UB), United States of America (USA) 49.31 55.03 154 7.6% Increase
292 University of Valencia (UV), Spain 54.20 54.99 323 -2.2% Decrease
293 Tufts University, United States of America (USA) 43.80 54.46 249 19.9% Increase
294 University of Hawai'i at Manoa (UH Mānoa), United States of America (USA) 48.65 54.38 355 7.8% Increase
295 The University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK), United States of America (USA) 48.08 54.22 301 8.7% Increase
296 University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMass Chan Medical School), United States of America (USA) 63.57 54.16 227 -17.9% Decrease
297 University of Strasbourg, France 58.25 53.98 407 -10.7% Decrease
298 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India 68.20 53.31 124 -24.6% Decrease
299 Washington State University (WSU), United States of America (USA) 35.78 53.15 178 43.2% Increase
300 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Germany 47.13 52.86 349 8.1% Increase
301 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), China 46.03 52.35 154 9.7% Increase
302 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), India 50.41 52.05 124 -0.5% Decrease
303 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), United States of America (USA) 46.91 51.95 204 6.8% Increase
304 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland 53.23 51.66 345 -6.4% Decrease
305 Oregon State University, United States of America (USA) 50.01 51.11 190 -1.5% Decrease
306 Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Netherlands 44.56 50.88 201 10.1% Increase
307 Philipps University of Marburg (Uni Marburg), Germany 57.49 50.77 143 -14.9% Decrease
308 Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), Hungary 32.83 50.76 310 49.1% Increase
309 University of Tsukuba, Japan 54.92 50.62 239 -11.1% Decrease
310 University of Miami (UM), United States of America (USA) 55.54 49.98 178 -13.2% Decrease
311 Keio University, Japan 43.61 49.75 143 10.0% Increase
312 University of St Andrews, United Kingdom (UK) 55.87 49.26 198 -15.0% Decrease
313 Henan University (HENU), China 45.95 49.21 127 3.2% Increase
314 Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), United States of America (USA) 51.98 49.18 171 -8.8% Decrease
315 The University of Dublin, Ireland 41.90 49.17 174 13.1% Increase
316 VU Amsterdam, Netherlands 44.80 49.16 456 5.8% Increase
317 Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), China 32.02 48.84 181 47.0% Increase
318 University of Gothenburg (GU), Sweden 39.30 48.76 208 19.6% Increase
319 Grenoble Alpes University (UGA), France 61.19 48.74 542 -23.2% Decrease
320 National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina 37.96 48.66 319 23.6% Increase
321 Central China Normal University (CCNU), China 58.03 48.31 158 -19.7% Decrease
322 Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Russia 43.74 48.06 337 5.9% Increase
323 National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico 47.24 47.99 205 -2.1% Decrease
324 University of Toulouse, France 51.32 47.95 395 -9.9% Decrease
325 Northeast Normal University (NENU), China 48.85 47.93 90 -5.4% Decrease
326 University of Kiel (CAU), Germany 42.31 47.65 195 8.6% Increase
327 Pasteur Institute, France 33.65 47.38 274 35.7% Increase
328 Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria 46.19 47.10 206 -1.7% Decrease
329 Donghua University (DHU), China 42.70 46.96 106 6.0% Increase
330 Dartmouth College, United States of America (USA) 53.86 46.91 167 -16.0% Decrease
331 Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Germany 41.28 46.87 234 9.5% Increase
332 National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Taiwan 49.71 46.82 193 -9.2% Decrease
333 China Meteorological Administration (CMA), China 43.59 46.81 147 3.5% Increase
334 University of Konstanz, Germany 52.51 46.70 108 -14.3% Decrease
335 University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy 46.18 46.65 353 -2.6% Decrease
336 Cardiff University, United Kingdom (UK) 49.24 46.64 192 -8.7% Decrease
337 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), United States of America (USA) 42.68 46.46 224 4.9% Increase
338 Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), China 25.03 46.44 128 78.9% Increase
339 National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), United States of America (USA) 42.95 46.41 175 4.2% Increase
340 University of Montpellier, France 43.83 46.16 394 1.5% Increase
341 University of Bayreuth (UBT), Germany 39.92 46.13 119 11.4% Increase
342 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude), United States of America (USA) 40.97 46.01 109 8.3% Increase
343 Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NUST), China 41.84 45.98 107 5.9% Increase
344 Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), India 40.64 45.43 88 7.8% Increase
345 China Agricultural University (CAU), China 42.88 45.27 114 1.8% Increase
346 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel 60.92 45.11 146 -28.6% Decrease
347 University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU Anschutz), United States of America (USA) 55.42 45.01 165 -21.7% Decrease
348 Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Italy 46.21 44.61 245 -6.9% Decrease
349 Leibniz University Hannover (LUH), Germany 33.59 44.50 120 27.7% Increase
350 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI), Canada 41.72 44.44 125 2.7% Increase
351 The University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas), United States of America (USA) 39.24 44.21 159 8.6% Increase
352 Newcastle University, United Kingdom (UK) 53.70 44.09 199 -20.8% Decrease
353 The University of Western Australia (UWA), Australia 51.78 43.87 246 -18.3% Decrease
354 Nanjing Normal University (NNU), China 55.08 43.79 151 -23.4% Decrease
355 Anhui University (AHU), China 27.04 43.59 116 55.5% Increase
356 Wuhan University of Technology (WUT), China 41.52 43.59 101 1.2% Increase
357 Aix-Marseille University (AMU), France 42.62 43.55 419 -1.5% Decrease
358 Western University (UWO), Canada 53.02 43.29 121 -21.3% Decrease
359 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway 40.77 43.23 171 2.2% Increase
360 Hanyang University (HYU), South Korea 53.23 43.03 187 -22.1% Decrease
361 The University of Kansas (KU), United States of America (USA) 36.29 43.01 214 14.3% Increase
362 The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia 38.11 42.95 245 8.7% Increase
363 Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), South Korea 40.55 42.94 181 2.1% Increase
364 Charles University (CU), Czech Republic 35.26 42.85 300 17.2% Increase
365 Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium 34.84 42.63 193 18.0% Increase
366 Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Italy 44.80 42.60 169 -8.3% Decrease
367 University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Portugal 41.02 42.15 240 -0.9% Decrease
368 South China Normal University (SCNU), China 49.82 41.92 159 -18.9% Decrease
369 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Japan 25.66 41.79 107 57.0% Increase
370 University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), United States of America (USA) 47.29 41.75 195 -14.9% Decrease
371 University of South Florida (USF), United States of America (USA) 40.91 41.74 155 -1.6% Decrease
372 Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain 31.72 41.55 221 26.3% Increase
373 The University of Adelaide (Adelaide Uni), Australia 39.90 41.44 238 0.1% Increase
374 Northeastern University (NEU), United States of America (USA) 51.24 41.43 204 -22.0% Decrease
375 The University of Oklahoma (OU), United States of America (USA) 43.90 41.30 233 -9.3% Decrease
376 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER Kolkata), India 35.05 41.05 62 12.9% Increase
377 McMaster University, Canada 44.57 40.62 112 -12.1% Decrease
378 Nanchang University (NCU), China 40.74 40.58 94 -4.0% Decrease
379 Shanxi University (SXU), China 28.72 40.48 155 35.9% Increase
380 China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), China 45.65 40.31 72 -14.9% Decrease
381 National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taiwan 34.84 40.21 131 11.3% Increase
382 Yangzhou University (YZU), China 37.65 40.18 97 2.9% Increase
383 University of Warsaw (UW), Poland 43.00 39.94 202 -10.4% Decrease
384 Jiangnan University, China 36.18 39.67 78 5.7% Increase
385 National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Italy 30.80 39.60 161 24.0% Increase
386 Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), China 32.06 39.55 299 18.9% Increase
387 Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU), Germany 28.57 38.96 152 31.5% Increase
388 University of Missouri (Mizzou), United States of America (USA) 32.03 38.72 145 16.6% Increase
389 University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Germany 33.10 38.65 140 12.6% Increase
390 University of Florence (UNIFI), Italy 24.94 38.16 233 47.5% Increase
391 Brandeis University, United States of America (USA) 37.24 38.14 126 -1.3% Decrease
392 National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), France 42.50 37.90 422 -14.0% Decrease
393 Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Einstein), United States of America (USA) 42.91 37.67 140 -15.4% Decrease
394 Aalto University, Finland 38.39 37.62 232 -5.5% Decrease
395 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), United States of America (USA) 39.77 37.59 151 -8.9% Decrease
396 University of Stuttgart, Germany 37.45 37.49 129 -3.5% Decrease
397 Jagiellonian University (UJ), Poland 27.28 37.39 167 32.2% Increase
398 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), China 26.71 37.30 165 34.6% Increase
399 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), India 21.14 37.28 59 70.0% Increase
400 University of Bordeaux, France 36.09 36.84 279 -1.6% Decrease
401 Linköping University (LiU), Sweden 39.69 36.78 113 -10.7% Decrease
402 The University of New Mexico (UNM), United States of America (USA) 31.39 36.75 187 12.9% Increase
403 Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), China 42.74 36.56 79 -17.5% Decrease
404 Louisiana State University (LSU), United States of America (USA) 45.74 36.50 158 -23.1% Decrease
405 University of York, United Kingdom (UK) 40.72 36.49 175 -13.6% Decrease
406 Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain 29.53 36.39 306 18.8% Increase
407 University of Bath, United Kingdom (UK) 31.13 36.28 125 12.4% Increase
408 University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain 35.99 36.21 178 -3.0% Decrease
409 University of Wollongong (UOW), Australia 42.14 36.14 144 -17.3% Decrease
410 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium 32.39 35.98 213 7.1% Increase
411 Northwest A&F University (NWAFU), China 24.97 35.91 72 38.7% Increase
412 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), China 34.45 35.89 145 0.5% Increase
413 Northeastern University (NEU), China 25.67 35.80 70 34.4% Increase
414 National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Japan 33.66 35.74 195 2.4% Increase
415 Kanazawa University (KU), Japan 32.75 35.63 101 4.9% Increase
416 Ocean University of China (OUC), China 28.90 35.57 203 18.7% Increase
417 University of Kentucky (UK), United States of America (USA) 43.65 35.50 134 -21.6% Decrease
418 Curtin University, Australia 35.89 35.27 159 -5.3% Decrease
419 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 50.30 35.20 332 -32.5% Decrease
420 Okayama University, Japan 41.25 35.01 120 -18.2% Decrease
421 Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Austria 22.70 34.76 82 47.7% Increase
422 China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), China 43.53 34.48 124 -23.6% Decrease
423 University of Bremen (Uni Bremen), Germany 27.59 34.36 129 20.1% Increase
424 Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Austria 32.35 34.24 256 2.1% Increase
425 Leipzig University, Germany 33.07 34.17 183 -0.4% Decrease
426 Ulm University, Germany 37.67 34.17 152 -12.5% Decrease
427 HHMI Janelia Research Campus, United States of America (USA) 46.31 34.10 92 -29.0% Decrease
428 Anhui Normal University (AHNU), China 17.54 33.56 60 84.5% Increase
429 Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), India 30.47 33.36 68 5.5% Increase
430 Henan Normal University, China 48.80 33.30 91 -34.2% Decrease
431 University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), United States of America (USA) 28.86 33.14 115 10.7% Increase
432 Clemson University, United States of America (USA) 23.24 33.01 78 37.0% Increase
433 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, United States of America (USA) 31.52 32.92 411 0.7% Increase
434 The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States of America (USA) 29.22 32.80 175 8.3% Increase
435 NWO-I, the Institutes Organisation of NWO, Netherlands 28.84 32.71 320 9.3% Increase
436 Hiroshima University (HU), Japan 34.53 32.61 121 -8.9% Decrease
437 Ningbo University (NBU), China 17.39 32.53 83 80.4% Increase
438 University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy 21.99 32.45 264 42.3% Increase
439 University of Innsbruck (LFU), Austria 37.23 32.41 147 -16.1% Decrease
440 Merck & Co., Inc., United States of America (USA) 30.65 32.40 81 1.9% Increase
441 Kobe University, Japan 21.32 32.28 145 46.0% Increase
442 University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia 21.31 32.15 105 45.5% Increase
443 Smithsonian Institution, United States of America (USA) 38.38 32.04 273 -19.5% Decrease
444 University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy 32.67 32.00 305 -5.6% Decrease
445 Hunan Normal University (HUNNU), China 25.40 31.87 87 21.0% Increase
446 Sandia National Laboratories, United States of America (USA) 39.40 31.80 140 -22.2% Decrease
447 The University of Auckland, New Zealand 29.12 31.76 189 5.2% Increase
448 University of Twente (UTwente), Netherlands 27.78 31.53 92 9.4% Increase
449 Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), South Korea 27.81 31.41 72 8.9% Increase
450 Yunnan University (YNU), China 24.19 31.20 78 24.4% Increase
451 Waseda University, Japan 25.63 31.08 105 16.9% Increase
452 University of Antwerp (UA), Belgium 31.88 31.08 182 -6.0% Decrease
453 Bar-Ilan University (BIU), Israel 38.66 30.78 94 -23.2% Decrease
454 University of Victoria (UVic), Canada 25.35 30.72 160 16.8% Increase
455 Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Germany 30.30 30.64 131 -2.5% Decrease
456 Tianjin University of Technology (TJUT), China 20.87 30.57 62 41.2% Increase
457 TU Dortmund University, Germany 35.12 30.50 157 -16.2% Decrease
458 Kyung Hee University (KHU), South Korea 24.17 30.41 158 21.3% Increase
459 Beijing University of Technology (BJUT), China 32.83 30.41 114 -10.7% Decrease
460 Lancaster University, United Kingdom (UK) 27.19 30.30 173 7.4% Increase
461 IBM, United States of America (USA) 31.31 30.15 87 -7.1% Decrease
462 Institute of Research for Development (IRD), France 32.99 30.12 574 -12.0% Decrease
463 Hefei University of Technology (HFUT), China 34.69 30.10 67 -16.3% Decrease
464 Cleveland Clinic, United States of America (USA) 22.83 30.09 109 27.1% Increase
465 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Switzerland 32.75 30.05 104 -11.5% Decrease
466 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), India 25.56 30.04 101 13.3% Increase
467 University of Central Florida (UCF), United States of America (USA) 30.36 29.90 73 -5.0% Decrease
468 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan 21.87 29.64 200 30.7% Increase
469 Osaka Metropolitan University (OMU), Japan 31.33 29.61 102 -8.9% Decrease
470 Boston College (BC), United States of America (USA) 42.07 29.28 79 -32.9% Decrease
471 Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), United States of America (USA) 37.07 29.26 183 -23.9% Decrease
472 University of Sussex, United Kingdom (UK) 23.99 29.22 129 17.4% Increase
473 University of Bergen (UIB), Norway 33.84 29.21 246 -16.8% Decrease
474 Chiba University, Japan 21.27 29.10 106 31.9% Increase
475 Laval University (UL), Canada 33.57 29.09 141 -16.5% Decrease
476 University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Italy 34.74 29.07 218 -19.3% Decrease
477 Queen's University, Canada 23.21 29.06 95 20.8% Increase
478 Salk Institute for Biological Studies (Salk), United States of America (USA) 43.09 28.79 111 -35.6% Decrease
479 Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), China 27.14 28.78 81 2.2% Increase
480 Macquarie University, Australia 29.37 28.75 141 -5.6% Decrease
481 Wenzhou University (WZU), China 14.29 28.38 65 91.6% Increase
482 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Switzerland 30.33 28.32 100 -10.0% Decrease
483 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Australia 24.16 28.26 104 12.8% Increase
484 The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), United States of America (USA) 34.97 28.25 144 -22.1% Decrease
485 Tulane University, United States of America (USA) 21.34 28.22 87 27.5% Increase
486 Temple University, United States of America (USA) 41.62 28.21 109 -34.7% Decrease
487 Wellcome Sanger Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 36.66 28.20 207 -25.8% Decrease
488 Wayne State University, United States of America (USA) 24.74 28.16 156 9.7% Increase
489 Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT Guwahati), India 34.48 28.11 48 -21.4% Decrease
490 Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia 25.10 28.10 125 7.9% Increase
491 Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), United States of America (USA) 24.14 28.08 80 12.1% Increase
492 Hebei University (HBU), China 16.82 27.97 62 60.4% Increase
493 Southern Medical University (SMU), China 21.16 27.93 103 27.3% Increase
494 University of Otago, New Zealand 32.88 27.92 139 -18.1% Decrease
495 Bielefeld University, Germany 20.06 27.89 66 34.1% Increase
496 AstraZeneca plc, United Kingdom (UK) 30.15 27.57 135 -11.8% Decrease
497 University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy 26.35 27.57 275 0.9% Increase
498 West Virginia University (WVU), United States of America (USA) 22.64 27.32 86 16.4% Increase
499 Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), India 42.62 27.06 133 -38.8% Decrease
500 Saarland University (Saar-Uni), Germany 28.02 27.03 95 -7.0% Decrease

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences and health sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 145 natural-science and health-science journals. The journals were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields. The list is reviewed periodically and journals may be removed or added. Articles from eLife were no longer included in the Nature Index from 2023 after the journal changed its publishing model.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
  5. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen research leaders.