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TNF-α is a key regulator of adipose tissue mass, but mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully elucidated. In this issue (page 1385), the paper by Tamai et al shows that TNF-α selectively deletes adipocytes, but not preadipocytes, via induction of apoptosis. The cover shows phase-contrast microscopy of the 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes used in this study.