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The cover shows GeoMx digital spatial profiling of epiretinal membranes from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. For more information, see the paper by Dong et al, p 1296, this issue.
Idelalisib, a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) δ, inhibits Akt activation, fibronectin expression and collagen gel contraction induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in human RPE cells as well as in an animal model of proliferative vitroretinopathy. These results suggest that idelalisib may be useful for preventing proliferative vitroretinopathy in humans.
The authors identified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) as an important regulator of tissue stiffness in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type (WT) gliomas. TIMP1 knockdown decreases tissue stiffness, inhibited the expression of tenascin C and fibronectin, and suppressed tumor progression. These results suggest that TIMP1 could be a potential therapeutic target for IDH-WT gliomas.
The present study elucidates the novel role of PIK3CD in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. Using in vitro and in vivo models of GBM, the authors show that GBM migration, invasion, proliferation and growth affect greatly when the activity of PIK3CD is disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9. Mechanistically, PIK3CD regulates the activity of p21 activated kinase (PPAK3) and plecstrin 2 (PLEK2) through axonogenesis pathway. The findings provide a novel mechanism of PIK3CD-mediated GBM development and suggest PIK3CD might be a target of GBM.
The authors describe a regulatory mechanism for ferroptosis sensitivity that is dependent on circST6GALNAC6 expression levels in bladder cancer. CircST6GALNAC6 inhibits HSPB1 and promotes cell ferroptosis by blocking the phosphorylation site (Ser-15) of HSBP1 and activating the P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Enhancing the expression of circST6GALNAC6 to promote ferroptosis, or using circST6GALNAC6 as a biomarker of ferroptosis sensitivity, is significant for the development and application of ferroptosis intervention methods.
For precancerous/endometrial cancer patients with fertility maintain desire, progestin resistance is the main obstacle of conservative therapy. The authors found that brusatol, as a natural compound, suppresses progestin metabolism through regulating the NRF2-TET1-AKR1C1 pathway to sensitize precancerous/endometrial cancers to progestin and relieve progestin resistance. This study indicates that progestin combined with brusatol may enhance the treatment effects and that AKR1C1 expression patterns may serve as an important biomarker of progestin resistance in endometrial cancer.
This study shows the potential application of c-Jun phosphorylation upon cisplatin treatment as a biomarker for cisplatin sensitivity in combination with patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs). We also compared the responses of 6 PDOs to cisplatin with the therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 6 matched patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3), a cysteine protease, is deubiquitinating enzyme. USP3 is aberrantly expressed in several types of tumors. The authors show that USP3 is an important positive regulator in gallbladder cancer progression, and that pyruvate kinase L/R plays a key role in the progression of GBC.
The authors show that CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) overexpression is an independent prognostic marker for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and predicts overall survival and progression-free survival in these patients. Blockade of CCR2 signaling with a CCR2 antagonist inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis inhibition by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, administration of a CCR2 antagonist decreases tumor growth and dissemination of DLBCL cells and increases survival time in a xenograft model.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and is associated with limited treatment options. This study elucidates the role of KLHL17 in the development and progression of NSCLC using clinical samples and NSCLC cell lines. The results show that upregulated KLHL17 in NSCLC promotes the proliferation and migration of tumor by activating Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, and suggest that KLHL17 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
The authors present a workflow that allows the simultaneous measurement of the whole exome and the transcriptome by next-generation sequencing from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections that were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. The data and analyses demonstrate the feasibility and reproducibility of this approach, which expands the possibilities of multi-omics integration in cancer research.