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The authors report the feasibility of generating, expanding, and enumerating viable patient-derived intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) tumor and normal pancreatic organoids from fresh and cryopreserved resected tissue. Organoids were characterized histologically and genomically and recapitulated the morphological and mutational profiles of resected IPMNs, suggesting promise of organoids for translational efforts.
In this study, the authors provide evidence that ectopic expression of oncogenic mutant Kras in pancreatic ducts generates early and late (PanIN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) . They characterized this Ras rheostat model which reveals elevated Kras mutation frequency and loss of PTEN are important drivers of PanIN and invasive ductal derived PDAC.
In this study, effect of Osr1 deficiency in promoting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression was examined. The authors demonstrate that Osr1 regulates hepatic inflammation and cell survival through multiple signaling pathways and DNA methylation modification.
The authors investigated the clinicopathologic significance of microRNA-130b expression and analyzed its cancer-specific functions using a cancer cell line. High microRNA-130b expression was associated with adverse clinicopathologic parameters and poor patient outcomes. In vitro, downregulation of microRNA-130b caused a decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Hence, miR-130b is a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Tandem mass spectrometry can reveal metabolite positional labeling and improve the performance of metabolic flux analysis as long as daughter ions are carefully inspected. When calculating the fluxes, the tandem mass isotopomer distributions as well as the mass isotopomer distributions of parent and daughter ions should all be used to constrain the fluxes in order to achieve the best performance.
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) regulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) homeostasis through PI3K/AKT signaling and by suppression of FOXO1 activation. CXCR5-deficency leads to decreased RPE differentiation, compromised barrier function, and increase in epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (αSMA, N-cadherin, and vimentin) in CXCR5-deficient RPE cells in vitro and in CXCR5−/− mice.
The authors present an assessment of the utility of “third-generation” nanopore sequencing for the confirmation and characterization of mobile element insertions. and discuss how implementation of long-read nanopore sequencing can offer benefits over existing molecular approaches.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of epithelium and airway epithelial cell proliferation disorder are key events in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis. In the present study, the miR-184/TP63 axis modulates the TGF-β1-induced fibrotic alterations in epithelial cell lines and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, confirming that miR-184/TP63 axis is involved in IPF progression.
This mini-review summarizes the role of βcysteine 93 in oxidative stability of hemoglobin in human blood. βCys93 has been recognized as an end point for radicals originating from heme during oxidative stress and therefore it may be an important biological marker of oxidative stability of hemoglobin within red blood cells intended for transfusion or in hemoglobinopathies.
Ascorbate can act as an oxidant to induce tumor cell death at a pharmacological dose. Here the authors show that this response is associated with increases in GPCR Gi/o activity. This effect promotes rises in intracellular Ca2+ influx through transient receptor potential channel activity in retinoblastoma cells.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Herein, the authors demonstrate that circPAN3 ameliorates myocardial I/R injury by absorbing miR-421 to regulate Pink1-mediated autophagy, which may provide potential therapeutic targets in I/R injury.
This study demonstrates that NFAT5 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression in the hyperosmotic environment through increased expression of DPAGT1, an essential enzyme for protein glycosylation, and altered EGFR subcellular localization from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane in tumor cells.
Photoactivatable-Cre (PA-Cre) knock-in mice was established and characterized for the spatial regulation of Cre recombinase activity with blue light exposure. Spot irradiation or long-term irradiation using a wireless LED could induce locus-specific recombination. The PA-Cre knock-in mice promise a useful resource to elucidate gene function in vivo spatiotemporally.
The authors describe a sarcoma with a novel fusion between NUTM1 and MXI1, a member of the MAD gene family. Transcriptome analysis and in vitro studies showed that MXI1-NUTM1 partially phenocopied MYC, providing evidence that MAD family members, normally repressors of MYC activity, can be converted into MYC-like mimics by fusion to NUTM1.
This study describes how miR-221-3p in endothelial cells reduces angiogenesis by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Because antagonism of miR-221-3p significantly improves the cardiac function of mice with heart failure it may be a new and effective molecular target for progressing and treatment of heart failure.
In this paper, the authors describe the development and validation of a novel image signature-based radiomics model. A total of 655 glioma patients were enrolled to build this model which is shown to be an effective tool to achieve multilayer preoperative diagnosis and prognostic stratification of gliomas.
Both ASIC1a and VEGF are highly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue and are associated with vascular disease. Interfering with ASIC1a in vitro using silencing, blocking, and overexpression interferes with the release of VEGF under acid stimulation. Blocking ASIC1a in the articular cavity of rats with adjuvant arthritis not only reduces the expression of VEGF in the synovium, but also reduces the proliferation and lesions of blood vessels and interferes with the development of the disease.