Introduction

High-performance optoelectronic integrated devices are pursued for the current information technology1,2,3,4,5,6. Organic photochromic materials have advantages of low-cost, flexibility, large-area film-forming, as well as the controlled physical parameters of absorption coefficient, refractive index and dielectric constant. Besides, information transport7, display8,9,10, storage3,11,12,13 and micro-fabrication14,15 have been realized in organic photochromic materials, which provide the possibility of their application in integrate photonics16.

Spirooxazine (SO) is one of the interesting families of organic molecules with photochromic property. They exhibit much better performance in photo-response, environment-stability and fatigue-resistance, compared with conventional photochromic materials, such as spiropyrans17. The colorless SO molecules undergo a heterolytic ring cleavage upon (near) UV irradiation, producing colored form of merocyanine (MC). Meanwhile, the MC molecules are able to be transformed into the colorless close-structure under the visible light irradiation or thermal treatment. Alternately, further implementation to excite the MC state with the high frequency light will result in fluorescent emission in visible region, which provides possibility for biological fluorescent labeling, such as selectively highlighting cells, organelles, or proteins18. Besides, the color-reversible film can also be applied in tunable photochromism19, distributed feedback (DFB) laser20, optical switch21 and 3D memory22. Especially, polarization holographic storage in SO doped polymers was realized by anisotropic molecule transformation in the visible-laser recording assisted with UV-irradiation, which put the SO-MC system forward to the applications of polarization conversion and high-density information memory23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31. Recently, bi-photonic polarization holographic recording was also realized in the film using two visible lasers with different wavelengths32,33,34. However, little attention was given to mono-color induced reaction processes in SO-MC system, which can not only resolve the complexity of optical systems but also help for the functional integration of the potential molecule device.

In this paper, the high-efficient and stable florescent holographic gratings with a surface relief structure were inscribed by coherent irradiations from a blue-violet laser with different power densities in SO-doped polymers. The holographic kinetics presents an interesting oscillation behavior, which can be explained by the sequential formation of mono-merocyanine (MCmono) and aggregate-merocyanine (MCagg). Benefiting from the stability of MCagg, long-term hologram memory and fluorescence emission were both realized in the photochromic film.

Materials and Methods

Materials and film preparation

1,3-Dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro [2H-indole-2,3′-[3 H] phenanthr[9,10-b](1,4)oxazine (SO) with the purity of 98% and poly(methy methacrylate) (PMMA) were purchased from Aldrich. Molecular weight of PMMA is 400000~550000. SO and PMMA (weight ratio of 1:5) were full of dissolved in chloroform to obtain a mixed solution with the solution concentration of 10 mg/ml. After stirring for 30 min by a mixing machine, the solution of 200 μL was drop-coated on a clean slide glass to produce enough thick samples for effective holographic recording. A watch glass was buckled to the sample so that the evaporation rate can be controlled well. The photochromic film was obtained after the solvent evaporated at room temperature (300 K) for 12 h in the dark. The sample surface morphology (surface height change of less than 150 nm) and the resultant film thickness (~2.38 μm), were measured by a step profiler (KLA-Tencor) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM, Bruker, Inc.), as shown in Figures S1(a) and (b) in the Supporting Information, respectively.

Optical measurement

The in situ UV-Vis absorption and the fluorescence emission spectra of the SO-doped PMMA film were obtained with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a fiber spectrophotometer (Ocean Optics), respectively.

Optical setup for photoinduced birefringence is shown in Fig. 1(a). Two laser beams were nearly parallel incident to the same position on the sample surface. The major elements of the experimental apparatus were a blue-violet laser (TOPTICA Photonics, 403.4 nm) as pumping source and an S-polarized red laser providing probe beam of 671 nm. A half-wave plate was rotated to a proper direction to adjust the polarization state of the pumping beam. The sample was fixed between two crossed polarizers in the path of the probe beam. It was designed to measure the effective phase retardation. The power density of the 671 nm beam was set as 1.42 mW/cm2 to reduce the destructive readout. The intersection angle between the polarization states of the pumping and probing beams was 45°. The transmittance of probe beams was monitored by a silicon photodiode interfaced with a computer.

Figure 1
figure 1

Experimental setups for (a) measurement of photoinduced birefringence and (b) holographic grating recordings in spirooxazine-doped PMMA films. BS, beam splitter; M, mirror; P, polarizer; RP, retardation plate.

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Mono-color holographic grating recording with different writing power densities were carried out by the irradiation of two coherent S-polarized lights from the blue-violet laser on the center of the fixed photochromic film, as shown Fig. 1(b). The intersection angle between the two blue-violet beams was fixed at θ = 6.5°. The grating period can be calculated to be 3.56 μm by the Bragg’s law of Λ = λ/2sin (θ/2), where λ represents the wavelength of the writing beams. In addition, dynamics of holographic grating was monitored using a red laser (671 nm, 2.85 mW/cm2, S-polarized). The probe beam was normal incident to the same spot with the writing-beams. The first-order diffraction signal was measured as a function of time by a silicon photodiode interfaced with a computer.

An inverted Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) was used (FluoView FV1000, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) to observe holographic gratings, in bright and dark field channels, respectively. A 20-mW 488-nm laser (Cyan OEM, Spectra Physics) was chosen as the exciting beam. Surface relief structures for the fluorescent gratings were measured by AFM.

Results and Discussion

Formation of Merocyanine Aggregates

The absorption spectra of SO/chloroform solution and SO/PMMA solid film were measured, as shown Figure S2 in the Supporting Information. However, little shift for the absorption peak position was found, indicating that there is no dye aggregation during sample preparation. Figure 2(a) shows that the differential absorption spectra in the UV-Vis region from 350 nm to 900 nm for the SO-doped polymer, excited with the blue-violet laser (57 mW/cm2) for different times. Obvious absorbance accumulation appears around 589 nm and another absorption band emerges at ~400 nm under the long-time excitation. Figure 2(b) presents the excitation time dependence of visible absorbance at 400 nm and 589 nm. It is found that the absorption band in the yellow-green region can be enhanced by increasing the irradiation time until 90 min, and then presents gradual decrease. The near-UV absorbance has a similar temporal behavior to the former in the long-time excitation.

Figure 2
figure 2

(a) Differential absorption spectra in the UV-Vis-NIR region (350–900 nm) of the SO/PMMA film before (black solid line) and after irradiation with linearly polarized light from a blue-violet laser (403.4 nm, 57 mW/cm2) for different periods (colorful solid and dash lines). (b)Time courses of the absorption peaks (400 nm and 589 nm) under the near-UV excitation for different periods. (c) Schematic of the reversible isomerization between spirooxazine (SO) and merocyanine (MC) with different forms. (d) The fluorescence intensity of SO/PMMA films irradiated with different irradiation times by mono-color blue-violet beam (403.4 nm, 71 mW/cm2). The insert graph presents the corresponding fluorescence intensity at 559 nm versus irradiation time.

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The decrease of absorption coefficients at 400 nm and 589 nm in the later excitation stage may be related to photo/thermal bleach and the secondary photo-chemical reaction. The transparent SO molecules are transformed to open ion-form by the C-O bond cleavage under the blue-violet light excitation, resulting in the formation of mono-MC molecules (MCmono). The continuous increase of MCmono molecule population results in the enhancement of the absorbance at 589 nm at the initial stage. Meanwhile, the excited molecules can either be reverted to the colorless state thermally (Figure S3a in the Supporting Information) or by visible excitation (Figure S3b in the Supporting Information), or tend to be gathered as MCagg, resulting in the later decline of absorbance at 589 nm. Here, the blue-shift of the absorption peak from 589 nm to 400 nm indicates the formation of H-aggregation17,35,36. That means MCmono consumption, partly, contributes to the formation of MCagg. Chemical structures for SO, mono- and aggregate-forms of MC, and their inter-conversion are all shown in Fig. 2(c). In situ fluorescent spectra under the blue-violet excitation of 71.4 mW/cm2 for different times were carried out, as show in Fig. 2(d). The fluorescence intensity centered at 559 nm is enhanced by almost 30 fold at the irradiation time of 180 min and then decreases gradually. Under the near-UV excitation, the MCagg with high energy level can release the luminous energy in visible region37, which, instead, induces the transformation from MC to SO and weakens the stability of MCagg, i.e., fluorescence quenching. Thus the declines both for the absorbance at ~400 nm and the fluorescence intensity at ~559 nm can be explained by the negative role of fluorescence after the long-time excitation.

The generation of carbon dioxide in the formation of merocyanine aggregates was in situ monitored using a gas chromatograph (SP-2100A, BFRL Co.). After the near-UV excitation (403.4 nm, 45 mW/cm2) on the sample for 420 min, very small amount of carbon dioxide gas, only 13 ppm, was detected, indicating photodegradation process in our case can be ignored.

Photo-anisotropy by blue-violet excitation

Figure 3(a) presents the probe-transmittance versus time for the red light passing through two orthogonal polarizers (0°and 90°), under +45°polarized blue-violet irradiation with different pumping power densities. The transmitted signal, which is related to photo-anisotropy of the film, increases to the maximum value rapidly and decreases gradually versus pumping time. Evidently, the maximum values and the response rates of the transmittance can both be enhanced when increasing the power density of the 403.4 nm light. The transmittance peaks for different pumping power densities (14 mW/cm2, 43 mW/cm2 and 100 mW/cm2) are indicated as P14, P43 and P100 in the inset of Fig. 3(a). After these peaks, the transmitted intensities for different pumping power densities begin to drop gradually and almost reach the same value at ~22000s.

Figure 3
figure 3

(a) Temporal-evolution of photoinduced anisotropy under the +45° polarized co-irradiation of blue-violet laser with different pumping power densities (14, 43 and 100 mW/cm2). The solid lines are the theoretical fittings. The inset graph shows the photoinduced anisotropy of the photochromic film at the initial stage (0–3000s). (b) Sketch for selective transformation process of SO-MC system versus time under the linearly polarized excitation of 403.4 nm.

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The photo-anisotropy of the SO/PMMA film at the early stage of the pumping process can be explained as the principle of Angular Hole Burning (AHB)38, as shown in Fig. 3(b). Because of the insensitivity of SO molecule to the laser polarization state, the near-UV excitation may provoke the ring-opened reaction to produce a large population of the colored molecules in various orientations. The MC molecules with ion form are highly sensitive to linearly-polarized visible irradiation. Along the direction of electronic vector of optical field, positive and negative charge centers of MC are easier to be recovered to the original state, which can be proved by near-UV assisted dichroism experiments (see Figure S4 in the Supporting Information). In fact, due to the location of 403.4 nm at the edge of the visible region, the inverse excitation by blue-violet light may also act on the MC molecules of which the electric dipole distance lies in the direction of the laser polarization state [see Figure S5(a) and (b) in the Supporting Information]. The dual functions of the 403.4 nm excitation result in complex temporal behavior of the anisotropy of the SO-MC system. The long-term stimulation of the near-UV light causes the population decrease of MC molecules which also weakens the film anisotropy. The subsequent formation of H-aggregates of MC presents a head-to-tail structure that the molecular dipoles are arranged in anti-parallel17. Thus the photo-induced anisotropy from the formation of MCagg is not strong but stable which contributes to the final transmitted signal.

As the temporal evolution of 671 nm transmittance is similar to the curves of exponential growth with decay term, a dynamics model to explain the photoinduced anisotropy observed in Fig. 3(a) can be expressed as,

$${\rm{T}}={\sin }^{2}[{\pi }{\rm{d}}/{\lambda }{\rm{\Delta }}{{n}}_{{\rm{MC}}}({t})]={\sin }^{2}\{{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{{\rm{i}}}({\pi }{\rm{d}}/{\lambda }){{\rm{\Delta }}n}_{{\rm{i}}}[1-\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{i}}})]\exp (-{t}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{D}},{i}})\},$$
(1)

where Δni (i = momo and agg) is the maximum value of refractive index change resulted from the AHB effect of MCmono and the regular arrangement of MCagg, respectively. τi (i = momo and agg) is the anisotropy-formation time constant. τD,i (i = momo and agg) is anisotropy decay time constant. Using this model, theoretical fitting to the experimental curves in Fig. 3(a) for different pumping power densities of 14, 43 and 100 mW/cm2 was carried out [see Figure S6(a),(b) and (c), respectively, in the Supporting Information]. The parameter values of the photo-anisotropy experiment (Δni, τi and τD,i, i = momo and agg) for different blue-violet laser power densities were determined accordingly, as listed in Table S1 in the Supporting Information. The theoretical fitting results indicate that the AHB effect of MCmono plays a major role in the whole process and contributes to the rapid process of photoinduced anisotropy, while the contribution of MCagg is much weaker and takes effect at the later stage.

Mono-color Holographic Dynamics

Due to the stable green emission of MCagg, fluorescent micro-patterns were formed via holographic recording. Figure 4(a) shows the temporal evolution of the first-order diffractive intensity of the holographic grating inscribed by the mono-color laser with different power densities of 14, 43 and 100 mW/cm2. Clear oscillations of diffractive signal for all the laser power densities appear. Three maxima were observed in the whole holographic kinetics. The diffraction efficiency increases sharply to the first maximum in the initial stage (0~500s) followed by a slight decrease, and then climbs to the secondary high value before 3000s. The third one appears for a rather long recording time with the highest diffraction efficiency. After this point, the intensity of the diffractive signal begins to decrease and tends to be stable.

Figure 4
figure 4

(a) Time dependence of the first-order diffraction efficiency in the SO/PMMA film with different writing power densities. The inset graph presents the initial stage (0–3000s) of the grating growth. The solid lines are the theoretical fittings. (b) Sketch for time evolution of periodic distributions of the photochromic molecules during the coherent 403.4 nm irradiations.

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Based on analysis of the temporal evolution of the near-UV light induced anisotropy, the photo-transformation process of spirooxazine molecules in the coherent linearly-polarized blue-violet excitation can also be divided into two stages: (i) the increase of MCmono molecules and (ii) their subsequent angle-selective inverse conversion in the bright region of the interference fringes, resulting in the quick formation of absorption gratings (AGs) and the gradually accumulated phase gratings (PGs), respectively, as shown in Fig. 4(b). With the population decline of the excited MC molecules, the AG is weakened, causing the slight decrease of diffraction efficiency in the first 500 s. However, the periodic distribution of anisotropy by the AHB effect of MCmono can be built up gradually which also contributes to the increase of diffraction efficiency. Comparison of the response time at peak position (P14, P43 and P100) between the photoinduced anisotropy and holographic dynamics for different near-UV laser power densities indicates that the second maximum of the diffraction efficiency comes from the formation of PGs, as shown in the inset graph of Fig. 4(a). After the long-time excitation, the alternate distributions of stable MCagg at bright regions and SO at dark regions in the interference fringes are produced to cause the appearance of the last diffractive maxima. As the anisotropy of MCagg is rather low, the last peak is ascribed to the other periodic change of absorption coefficient. In-situ transmittance measurement at 671 nm also proves the two increases of absorption coefficient and indicates the sequential formation of MCmono and MCagg [see Figure S5(c) in the Supporting Information]. Finally, the fringe contrast for both AG and PG are weakened by the negative role of the green fluorescence.

Fluorescent Holographic Dynamics Model

Based on the above analysis of the grating growth, the corresponding grating dynamic model is constructed as follows: η(t) is defined as diffraction efficiency. It has two components resulting from the diffraction on the PG (η p ) and AG (ηα)

$${\eta }({t})={{\eta }}_{{p}}({t})+{{\eta }}_{{\alpha }}({t})$$
(2)

Taking the thin sinusoidal gratings into account, the temporal evolution of diffraction efficiency can be expressed as the sum of the square of the first-order Bessel function of accumulated phase (ΔΓ) and the square of sinusoidal function of absorption coefficient (Δα), as followed:

$${\rm{\eta }}({\rm{t}})={{\rm{J}}}_{{\rm{1}}}^{2}[{\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\Gamma }}]+{\sin }^{2}[{{\rm{d}}}_{{\rm{equ}}}{\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\alpha }}({\rm{t}})/2]$$
(3)
$${\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\Gamma }}=2{\rm{\pi }}{\rm{\Delta }}d{\rm{\Delta }}n/{\rm{\lambda }},$$
(4)

where dequ is the equivalent thickness of the thin film (2.38 μm in the case), λ is the wavelength of the probe beam (671 nm in the case), Δn the refractive index and Δd the thickness modulation. The PG kinetics is the result of the co-action of the angle-selective conversion of MCmono, the regular arrangement of MCagg and the possible surface relief modulation. The accumulated phase can be expressed as 2πdequΔnequ(t)/λ, where Δnequ(t) is equivalent refractive index change taking the three factors mentioned above into account. The expression is reasonable for there is only one maximum in the process of photoinduced anisotropy. The simplified single-exponential growth process with decay term can be expressed as,

$${\rm{\Delta }}{{n}}_{{\rm{equ}}}({t})={\rm{\Delta }}{{n}}_{{\rm{equ}},{\rm{\max }}}[1-\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{equ}}})]\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{D,\mathrm{equ}}),$$
(5)

where τequ is the equivalent recording time constant of PG and τD,equ the equivalent erasure time constant of PG. For the sequential formation of MCmono and MCagg, the dynamic process of the AG can express by bi-exponential response:

$$\begin{array}{c}{\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\alpha }}({\rm{t}})={{\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{\rm{mono}},{\rm{\max }}}[1-\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{momo}},{\rm{\alpha }}})]\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{D{\rm{\alpha }},{\rm{Momno}}})\\ \quad \quad \,\,\,\,\,\,\,+{{\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{\rm{agg}},{\rm{\max }}}[1-\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{agg}},{\rm{\alpha }}})]\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{D{\rm{\alpha }},\mathrm{agg}}),\end{array}$$
(6)

where Δα i,max (i = momo, agg) is absorption coefficient with response time variation, τ i,α is recording time constant of absorption grating, τ Dα,i is erasure time constant of absorption grating. Consequently, the total diffraction efficiency dynamics can be expressed as follow:

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\rm{\eta }}({\rm{t}}) & = & {{\rm{J}}}_{{\rm{1}}}^{2}\{(2{\rm{\pi }}d/{\rm{\lambda }}){{\rm{\Delta }}n}_{{\rm{equ}},{\rm{\max }}}[1-\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{equ}}})]\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{D}},{\rm{equ}}})\}\\ & & +{\sin }^{{\rm{2}}}\{{d{\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{\rm{mono}},{\rm{\max }}}/2[1-\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{{\rm{momo}},{\rm{\alpha }}})]\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{D{\rm{\alpha }},{\rm{mono}}})\\ & & +{d{\rm{\Delta }}{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{\rm{agg}},{\rm{\max }}}/2[1-\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{\mathrm{agg},{\rm{\alpha }}})]\exp (-{\rm{t}}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{D{\rm{\alpha }},{\rm{agg}}})\}\end{array}$$
(7)

The solid lines in Fig. 4(a) show the kinetics descriptions according to Eq. (7), which agree well with the experimental results. The approximation parameters for all studied cases are gathered in Table 1. It was found that the amplitudes of the formed AG and PG, i.e., Δnequ,max, Δαmono,max and Δαagg,max are all enhanced with increasing the writing power densities, while all the time constants for either AG or PG exhibit the opposite behavior depending on the excitation intensity.

Table 1 Kinetics Parameters Obtained by Fitting to Holographic Experiments with the Different Writing Power Densities of 14 mW/cm2, 43 mW/cm2 and 100 mW/cm2.
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The theoretical fitting indicates the photochromism and anisotropy from SO to MC can both be accelerated by introducing high-power excitation light. The formation of MCagg contributes mainly to the AG growth although consuming rather long time. The excitation light with higher power induces more rapid decline of population of MCmono, however, provides better condition for the formation of MCagg. Due to the light-scattering of the fluorescence from MCagg, destructive interference between different bright regions in the holographic fringes is inevitable. The higher the writing power is, the faster the grating erase is.

It was also noticed that the maximum value of diffractive efficiency was achieved to be ~0.15%, which is still lower than that of other photochromic materials, such as azo39. The main reason may come from the limited conversion efficiency of SO to MC, the absorbance (exposure sensitivity) of the film at 403.4 nm, and the non-efficient construction of PGs which was proved by holographic recording with different polarization configurations (see Figure S7 in the Supporting Information).

Fluorescent Holographic Interference Fringes with a Surface Relief Structure

Under the blue-violet excitation, the stable MCagg provides a possibility for high-efficiency patterned fluorescent emission. CLSM was used to observe, in bright and dark field channels, respectively, the holographic interference fringes in the SO-doped polymer film under different writing power densities. After holographic recording for ~8000s, a 20-mW 488-nm laser (Cyan OEM, Spectra Physics) was chosen as the exciting beam. As shown in Fig. 5(a), almost no periodic structures were observed in the dark field channel after the holographic excitation with the writing power density of 14 mW/cm2. However, in the bright field channel (Fig. 5d), holographic gratings were presented clearly. With the increase of the writing power density, the holographic fringes become more clearly in both bright and dark field channels. Surface relief structures for the fluorescent fringes were also measured by AFM, as shown in Fig. 5(g–i). The surface periodic modulation was found to be enhanced versus near-UV excitation intensity accordingly. The fluorescent intensities in the bright and dark regions of the holographic fringes (Imax and Imin, respectively) were determined by the software attached to the CLSM. The contrast of the holographic fringes (C) was calculated accordingly by the in following formula:

$${\rm{C}}=({{I}}_{{\rm{\max }}}-{{I}}_{{\rm{\min }}})/({{I}}_{{\rm{\max }}}+{{I}}_{{\rm{\min }}})$$
(8)
Figure 5
figure 5

Holographic fringes in the SO-doped polymers observed by CLSM in dark (a–c) and bright (d–f) field channels, and by AFM (g–i) for different writing power densities (14, 43 and 100 mW/cm2). The florescent contrast and surface relief modulation of each holographic grating was calculated and labeled.

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The values of C were inserted in Fig. 5. Commonly, the variation of Δα is associated with C in the bright field channel, while the green fluorescent emission in the dark field channel is related to the formation of MCagg. That means the low-power near-UV excitation preferred to construct the alternate arrangement between MCmono and SO. Surface relief modulation (Δd) was also indicated in Fig. 5. The population of MCagg was increased by increasing the irradiation intensity which is beneficial to the formation of surface relief gratings (SRGs). It was also found that the diffraction efficiency of the fluorescent holographic grating can be maintained for a long time after the formation of MCagg (see Figure S8 in the Supporting Information). The results are consistent with the previous analysis of holographic kinetics.

The formation of MCagg plays a role in the non-volatile holographic memory with high-efficiency fluorescent emission and surface relief modulation. The controllable photochemical reaction in SO-MC system also put a bright way to polarization-dependent biomedical detection, and can be applied to the integrated optoelectronic devices with abilities of storage, display and micro-fabrication.

Conclusions

The photoinduced anisotropy in SO/PMMA films excited by linearly-polarized blue-violet laser beams mainly results from the AHB effect of MCmono, while MCagg with antiparallel dipole molecule structure only generates a rather low anisotropic growth but plays an important role in the formation of absorption gratings with the help of long time excitation of coherent lights at 403.4 nm. Taking the measurements of in situ absorbance and fluorescence in the photochromic film under the 403.4 nm excitation into account, theoretical description for one phase grating and two sequentially-formed absorption gratings was determined. With the increase of writing light intensity, the amplitudes of absorption and phase gratings were both enhanced; meanwhile the erasure process of the holographic grating was also accelerated. It was found that the writing beams with higher power are helpful to produce MCagg so as to form more stable fluorescence holographic fringe with a surface relief structure, which agrees well with the results of CLSM in bright and dark field channels and AFM observation. The fluorescent periodic structures in blue-violet excitation provide a fabrication strategy for the photon-device with multi-capabilities of information processing.