Research Highlight |
Featured
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News & Views |
Gastric cancer: evidence boosts Helicobacter pylori eradication
The efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for the prevention of preneoplastic lesions in gastric cancer remains controversial. A new placebo-controlled trial and a large-scale observational study tackle this problem and show the positive effects of eradication therapy.
- Hidekazu Suzuki
- & Juntaro Matsuzaki
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Review Article |
Acid and the basis for cellular plasticity and reprogramming in gastric repair and cancer
The stomach responds to injury via two main patterns, the superficial response and the glandular response. In this Review, Sáenz and Mills discuss cellular plasticity and reprogramming in the stomach in the context of disease (such as gastric cancer) and during repair and homeostasis.
- José B. Sáenz
- & Jason C. Mills
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News & Views |
The gastric microbiota — bacterial diversity and implications
Although Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric cancer, bacterial communities that reside in the stomach are mostly unacknowledged. A new study shows that some gastric bacterial communities have emigrated from our mouth, prefer certain neighbours and prefer certain environments. By understanding the interactions of these bacteria, we hope to understand the environment most conducive to gastric cancer carcinogenesis.
- Manish A. Shah
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Research Highlight |
R-spondin 3 is a critical regulator of gastric antral stem cell homeostasis
- Hugh Thomas
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Review Article |
Population screening and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Helicobacter pyloriremains an important human pathogen with links to both malignant (gastric cancer) and non-malignant diseases (such as peptic ulcer). Here, the authors discuss issues related to implementation of population screening and eradication ofH. pyloriinfection.
- Anthony O'Connor
- , Colm A. O'Morain
- & Alexander C. Ford
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News & Views |
Rome IV criteria for FGIDs — an improvement or more of the same?
Symptom-based diagnostic criteria have been criticized for being overly complex and performing modestly in differentiating organic from functional gastrointestinal diseases. The new Rome IV criteria now supersede Rome III. In general, these minor amendments are unlikely to lead to substantial improvement in accuracy and use in routine clinical care. Is a different approach required in future?
- Ruchit Sood
- & Alexander C. Ford
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News & Views |
Helicobacter pylori gastritis—a novel distinct disease entity
A global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis has been developed. Topics discussed include whether dyspepsia caused by H. pylori infection is separate from functional dyspepsia or not, the evaluation method for H. pylori-induced gastritis, eradication therapy for H. pylori gastritis to prevent gastric carcinogenesis and management after H. pylori eradication.
- Hidekazu Suzuki
- & Hideki Mori
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News & Views |
Is 'ICC-opathy' present in gastroparesis-like syndrome?
The impact of chronic nausea and vomiting on quality of life and economic burden are substantial. New findings show that interstitial cells of Cajal are depleted or have ultrastructural changes in patients with chronic nausea and vomiting who have normal gastric emptying. Abnormalities of the gastric slow waves were also observed.
- Mohammad Bashashati
- & Richard W. McCallum
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Research Highlight |
Metformin improves survival and recurrence rate in patients with diabetes and gastric cancer
- Claire Greenhill
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Research Highlight |
New molecular classification of gastric adenocarcinoma proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas
- Mina Razzak
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Timeline |
Helicobacter pylori: perspectives and time trends
The discovery ofHelicobacter pylori redirected our understanding of certain gastroduodenal diseases. Many of these diseases (such as ulcer disease and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) have become curable, and others (gastric cancer) might be preventable with the application of H. pylori eradication therapy. This Timeline gives an overview of the success of clinical research on H. pylorito date and highlights some future trends in this area.
- Peter Malfertheiner
- , Alexander Link
- & Michael Selgrad
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Research Highlight |
New biologic therapy effective as second-line treatment in gastric cancer
- Katherine Smith
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Review Article |
Autoimmune atrophic gastritis—pathogenesis, pathology and management
Autoimmune gastritis is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition that results in the replacement of the parietal cell mass by atrophic and metaplastic mucosa. This Review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathological aspects of autoimmune atrophic gastritis. The authors also provide practical advice for the diagnosis and management of patients with this disease.
- William L. Neumann
- , Elizabeth Coss
- & Robert M. Genta
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Review Article |
Changes in gastrointestinal tract function and structure in functional dyspepsia
Functional dyspepsia is thought to be a heterogeneous disorder, with a wide variety of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the varied symptoms observed in patients. Here, Vanheel and Farré provide an overview of the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia, adding insight on the diverse functional and structural changes in the gastrointestinal tract in this condition.
- Hanne Vanheel
- & Ricard Farré
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Research Highlight |
Focally enhanced gastritis could help in the diagnosis of paediatric IBD
- Isobel Franks
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Review Article |
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis—genetics and syndromes
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a common condition in neonates with a largely unknown aetiology. In this article, Babette Peeters and colleagues provide an overview of molecular and genetic studies in patients with isolated IHPS and categorize the various syndromes associated with IHPS. The authors hope this article will provide a basis for future studies in IHPS and stimulate researchers to use the results of extreme phenotype studies in evaluation of their results in isolated IHPS.
- Babette Peeters
- , Marc A. Benninga
- & Raoul C. M. Hennekam
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Research Highlight |
Integrated epigenomic analysis sheds light on role of BMP4 in regulating cisplatin sensitivity in gastric cancer
- Natalie J. Wood
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News & Views |
Secondary prevention of gastric cancer
The natural history of 'epidemic' intestinal-type gastric cancer provides consistent data that enable clinicians to design multidisciplinary strategies for secondary prevention. A recent paper by Dinis-Ribeiro et al. reports guidelines for the management of patients with precancerous stomach lesions.
- Massimo Rugge
- , Matteo Fassan
- & David Y. Graham
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Research Highlight |
Bone-marrow-derived cells could cause gastric preneoplasia in chronic Helicobacter pylori infection
- Andy McLarnon
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News & Views |
Nitinol self-expanding metal stents—safe and effective?
Endoscopic palliation of malignant biliary obstruction or gastric outlet obstruction can be technically challenging and might require other interventions in some patients. Results from two recent studies suggest that nitinol self-expanding metal stents are safe and effective for both indications and might decrease the need for other interventions in these patients.
- Rahul Pannala
- & Andrew S. Ross
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Research Highlight |
ESD is associated with a moderate risk of deep vein thrombosis that may be determined by D-dimer levels
- Katherine Smith
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Review Article |
Anti-HER agents in gastric cancer: from bench to bedside
Despite some advances, the search for effective treatment modalities for advanced gastric and gastro-esophageal junction cancer (GEJC) is far from over. However, using biologic agents to target key molecular pathways, such as those regulated by human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members, may be an effective approach. This Review briefly describes HER biology, summarizes available data regarding the clinical activity of anti-HER agents and their use in gastric cancer and GEJC, and provides insight into treatment personalization strategies.
- Lorenzo Fornaro
- , Maurizio Lucchesi
- & Alfredo Falcone
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Research Highlight |
Novel nanopowder spray shows promising results in humans for the treatment of acute peptic ulcer bleeding
- Rachel Thompson
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News & Views |
A new, single-capsule bismuth-containing quadruple therapy
Increasing clarithromycin resistance is dramatically reducing the efficacy of standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Quadruple therapy is associated with high cure rates, yet its complex administration protocol hampers its acceptability for general use. A recent study has assessed the efficacy and safety of a novel, single-capsule bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.
- Javier P. Gisbert
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News & Views |
Consensus for the management of patients with gastric polyps
Gastric polyps are a heterogeneous group of lesions that have differing consequences for patients, particularly in terms of malignant potential. However, there is currently no consensus for the management of patients with these polyps. The British Society of Gastroenterology has, therefore, published objective management guidelines for patients with these lesions.
- Paul J. Kelly
- & Gregory Y. Lauwers
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Research Highlight |
Japanese apricots reported to inhibit inflammation and gastritis progression related to Helicobacter pylori infection
- Rachel Jones
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Case Study |
Juvenile polyposis of the stomach—a novel cause of hypergastrinemia
A 38-year-old female was evaluated for a 3 year history of postprandial abdominal pain, refractory nausea, vomiting and hematemesis. Her medical history was significant for juvenile polyposis syndrome and Crohn's disease resulting in a total colectomy. Juvenile polyposis syndrome with outlet obstruction of the stomach and excessive hypergastrinemia was diagnosed and treatment started with acid suppressive therapy, prokinetic therapy and total parenteral nutrition. Repetitive endoscopic polypectomy (also known as debulking) was performed twice followed by gastrectomy with duodeoesophageal anastomosis.
- Karen D. Papay
- , Vincent G. Falck
- & Martin A. Storr
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