Featured
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Brief Communication
| Open Access
Influence of COVID-19 on trust in routine immunization, health information sources and pandemic preparedness in 23 countries in 2023
A survey of 23,000 adults in 23 countries in 2023 reports that the pandemic experience reduced participants’ willingness to be vaccinated for COVID-19 and receive routine vaccinations and reduced trust in recommendations from public health authorities.
- Jeffrey V. Lazarus
- , Trenton M. White
- & Ayman El-Mohandes
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Correspondence |
Post-election responsibilities for public health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faraan O. Rahim
- , William C. Lieber
- & Richard M. Lukelwa
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Comment |
Opportunities and challenges following approval of resmetirom for MASH liver disease
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first drug, resmetirom, for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but much work remains for the industry, practitioners and health systems so that this approval will benefit all patients.
- Jeffrey V. Lazarus
- , Dana Ivancovsky Wajcman
- & Paul N. Brennan
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News & Views |
Tackling heat-related mortality in aging populations
A large study of older adults in China points to physical and cognitive function — not age — as key predictors of heat-related mortality, highlighting the need for climate adaptation policies to prioritize accessibility across all age groups.
- Josiah L. Kephart
- & Safiyyah M. Okoye
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Research Highlight |
Elevating kidney disease on the global health stage
Global nephrology societies have called on the WHO and health communities to tackle the growing burden of chronic kidney disease, which has been under-recognized for too long.
- Karen O’Leary
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Research Highlight |
Going the extra mile to increase vaccine uptake
Deployment of mobile vaccination teams to remote communities in Sierra Leone substantially increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and could potentially be bundled with other health interventions.
- Karen O’Leary
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Research Highlight |
A timeline of biomarker changes before Alzheimer’s disease
Longitudinal data from the China Cognition and Aging Study map the sequential biomarker changes that begin almost two decades before clinical onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Karen O’Leary
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News & Views |
Telehealth enables safe medication abortion in shifting health and legal contexts
Telehealth provision of medication abortion is safe and effective, but ensuring equitable access is challenging in the USA — and further compounded by an upcoming Supreme Court case.
- Dana M. Johnson
- , Abigail R. A. Aiken
- & Terri-Ann Thompson
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Article
| Open Access
Implementation of pooled saliva tests for universal screening of cCMV infection
Building on a pre-existing pooling pipeline for the efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2, the results of a large-scale implementation study show the feasibility and benefits of saliva sample pooling to enhance neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus.
- Lior Merav
- , Noa Ofek Shlomai
- & Moran Yassour
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Perspective |
Self-care interventions for women’s health and well-being
Self-care interventions have the potential to improve health coverage for women while offering greater agency and autonomy, but only if certain barriers—such as stigma and cost—can be overcome.
- Manjulaa Narasimhan
- , James R. Hargreaves
- & Kate Gilmore
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Correspondence |
Podcasts as a tool to disrupt knowledge hierarchies and silos to decolonize global health
- Lindi van Niekerk
- , Stephanie M. Topp
- & Garry Aslanyan
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Research Briefing |
Extreme weather events have lasting impacts on risk of death and healthcare utilization
In a difference-in-differences analysis among Medicare beneficiaries in the USA, billion-dollar weather disasters were associated with higher rates of emergency department visits and deaths in the weeks after the disaster. Observed changes were more pronounced among counties that experienced the most loss and damage compared to all affected counties.
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Research Highlight |
Ambitious birth cohort study tracks genetic links to health in China
The Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study prospectively collects genetic and phenotypic data from thousands of families, providing insights into genetics, early-life exposures and long-term health.
- Karen O’Leary
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Correspondence |
A research agenda for mental health in sub-Saharan Africa
- Tholene Sodi
- , Melanie Abas
- & Louise Arseneault
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Correspondence |
Pakistan is failing in maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination
- Suliman Khan
- , Xingyi Guo
- & Usman Ayub Awan
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Article
| Open Access
Reductions in smoking due to ratification of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 171 countries
An interrupted time series analysis found that the World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control reduced smoking prevalence across 170 countries (excluding China) since the country-specific year of ratification.
- Guillermo Paraje
- , Mauricio Flores Muñoz
- & Prabhat Jha
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Article
| Open Access
Real-world implementation of a multilevel interventions program to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV in China
Interim analysis of the SHIELD program, adopting multilevel interventions, showcases low mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) across different hospital and community settings in China.
- Xueru Yin
- , Wei Wang
- & Jinlin Hou
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World View |
Economists are crucial for solving public health challenges
Social determinants of health can only be tackled through collaborations between public health leaders, economists, sociologists, and other non-medical stakeholders, as well as involvement from the community.
- Ximena P. Garzon-Villalba
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Correspondence |
A decentralized delivery program for rheumatic heart disease treatment and prevention in Uganda
- Doreen Nakagaayi
- , Jafesi Pulle
- & David Watkins
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Comment |
Pandemic preparedness requires collaboration between governments, funders and pharma
Resilience for future pandemics requires increased research and development, sustained vaccine manufacturing capabilities and global public–private collaboration.
- B. Adam Williams
- , Charles H. Jones
- & Jane M. True
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Article
| Open Access
Benefits and harms of cervical screening, triage and treatment strategies in women living with HIV
A model evaluating cervical screening, triage and treatment strategies to prevent cervical cancer in women living with HIV in Tanzania provides evidence to support the World Health Organization’s recommendation of primary HPV testing starting at age 25 years with 3–5-year regular screening intervals.
- Michaela T. Hall
- , Kate T. Simms
- & Karen Canfell
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News & Views |
Beyond bruises: the lifelong toll of violence on women’s health
The major health consequences of violence against women present a compelling case for global prevention, detection and intervention initiatives.
- Soraya Seedat
- & Sarah L. Halligan
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Research Highlight |
WHO sets research agenda for refugee and migrant health
The report — the first of its kind from the WHO — is intended as a roadmap for building responsive and inclusive health systems for displaced people.
- Karen O’Leary
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Article
| Open Access
Prospective implementation of AI-assisted screen reading to improve early detection of breast cancer
In a phased prospective rollout, the implementation of AI as an additional reader for mammography screening improved the real-world early detection of breast cancer compared to standard double reading involving two independent radiologists.
- Annie Y. Ng
- , Cary J. G. Oberije
- & Peter D. Kecskemethy
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Article
| Open Access
Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c
Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.
- Bin Zhou
- , Kate E. Sheffer
- & Majid Ezzati
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Research Highlight |
A little knowledge can be a dangerous thing
A study has found that people with intermediate levels of scientific knowledge have the highest levels of overconfidence — and the most negative attitudes toward science.
- Karen O’Leary
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Analysis
| Open Access
The value of standards for health datasets in artificial intelligence-based applications
A systematic review, combined with a stakeholder survey, presents an overview of current practices and recommendations for dataset curation in health, with specific focuses on data diversity and artificial intelligence-based applications.
- Anmol Arora
- , Joseph E. Alderman
- & Xiaoxuan Liu
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Comment |
The Sustainable Development Goals should be reset to prioritize poverty, health and climate
The UN SDGs will only improve human health if they are accompanied by systemic change that addresses global power imbalances.
- Ilona Kickbusch
- & Ayoade Alakija
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Article
| Open Access
Hobby engagement and mental wellbeing among people aged 65 years and older in 16 countries
A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies representing 16 countries found that hobby engagement was associated with better mental and self-reported health in adults aged 65 years and older as well as correlation with higher life expectancy and national happiness levels.
- Hei Wan Mak
- , Taiji Noguchi
- & Daisy Fancourt
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Research Briefing |
Risk factors related to population diversity and disparity determine healthy aging
Our study exposes the determinants of healthy aging in Latin America, underscoring the importance of the effects of social and health disparities compared with traditional factors such as age and sex. Our findings highlight an urgent need for more targeted detection of health risks, interventions and policies, particularly in low-income regions.
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Research Highlight |
Boosting the efficacy of emergency contraception
Addition of the COX inhibitor piroxicam to levonorgestrel, a standard emergency contraceptive, increased its efficacy without increasing adverse events.
- Karen O’Leary
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Article |
Pay-it-forward incentives for hepatitis virus testing in men who have sex with men: a cluster randomized trial
A community-led randomized controlled trial in China showed that a pay-it-forward incentives increased the uptake of hepatitis B and C virus testing in men who have sex with men as compared with standard-of-care.
- Ye Zhang
- , Jianjun Li
- & Weiming Tang
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Correspondence |
Community-engaged Mpox vaccination provides lessons for equitable health care in the United States
- Vincent Guilamo-Ramos
- , Marco Thimm-Kaiser
- & Adam Benzekri
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News & Views |
Leveraging fine-scale population structures for precision healthcare
A study investigates the links between fine-scale populations and outcomes including healthcare use and disease risk in a Los Angeles biobank, unveiling crucial insights into healthcare disparities in the USA.
- Masahiro Kanai
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Comment |
Building healthy populations one community at a time
Tailored community engagement led or co-led by the community can build trust with underserved communities to deliver health equity.
- Folakemi T. Odedina
- , Rafaela Alves Pacheco
- & Marcia C. Castro
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News Feature |
How to fight antibiotic resistance
Researchers use artificial intelligence and bioinformatics to discover new antimicrobials, while governments pilot financial incentives for pharma.
- Mike May
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Review Article |
Climate change and health: three grand challenges
This Review outlines three ‘grand challenges’ to protect and promote health in the face of climate change, and discusses the role of the health community in driving change within and beyond the health sector.
- Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- , Tara Neville
- & Maria Neira
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Article |
Disease risk and healthcare utilization among ancestrally diverse groups in the Los Angeles region
Analyses using genetic data and electronic medical records as part of the ATLAS Community Health Initiative revealed differences in disease risk and healthcare utilization among ancestrally diverse groups in the Los Angeles region.
- Christa Caggiano
- , Arya Boudaie
- & Noah Zaitlen
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Article
| Open Access
Heat-related mortality in Europe during the summer of 2022
This ecological analysis using the Eurostat database estimated that summer 2022, the hottest summer on record, was associated with over 61,000 heat-related deaths across 35 countries in Europe, with the highest mortality rates in countries near the Mediterranean Sea.
- Joan Ballester
- , Marcos Quijal-Zamorano
- & Hicham Achebak
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Article |
Wearable movement-tracking data identify Parkinson’s disease years before clinical diagnosis
UK Biobank moement tracking data show increased performance as compared to symptoms and genetic and lifestyle factors in identifying prodromal Parkinson’s disease in the general population.
- Ann-Kathrin Schalkamp
- , Kathryn J. Peall
- & Cynthia Sandor
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Research Highlight |
International transmission complicates HCV elimination
A study finds evidence of substantial international transmission of hepatitis C virus among men who have sex with men, particularly in Europe.
- Karen O’Leary
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Article |
The airway microbiome mediates the interaction between environmental exposure and respiratory health in humans
Examining the interplay of environmental exposure with the airway microbiome provides insights for possible intervention in lung health.
- Lifeng Lin
- , Xinzhu Yi
- & Zhang Wang
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Research Highlight |
Untangling the links between economics and youth mental health
Anti-poverty programs can alleviate the negative impact of low family income on brain structure and mental health in adolescents.
- Sonia Muliyil
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Correspondence |
AI-generated text may have a role in evidence-based medicine
- Yifan Peng
- , Justin F. Rousseau
- & Chunhua Weng
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World View |
Sexual and reproductive health and rights must be enshrined in universal healthcare
These interventions for women and girls improve population health and boost the economy.
- Natalia Kanem
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Correspondence |
An antibiotic amnesty can be a One Health tool to tackle antimicrobial resistance
- Fergus Allerton
- , Conor Jamieson
- & Ian Ramsey
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Article
| Open Access
CanScreen5, a global repository for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening programs
In the first results from an ongoing global cancer screening data repository, screening program organization was better overall in Europe compared to other continents; however, there were substantial gaps in implementation across both high- and low-resource settings.
- Li Zhang
- , Isabel Mosquera
- & Melanie Ann Layne
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Correspondence |
COVID-19 has left the world less prepared for an influenza pandemic
- Alexandra L. Phelan
- , Erin M. Sorrell
- & Caitlin M. Rivers
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessConcerns about the Burden of Proof studies
- Andrea J. Glenn
- , Xiao Gu
- & Walter C. Willett
Heat exposure induced risks of preterm birth mediated by maternal hypertension