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| Open AccessExtracellular vesiculo-tubular structures associated with suberin deposition in plant cell walls
Suberizing plant cells export suberin monomers outside of the cell to form a hydrophobic barrier. Here the authors propose a role for extracellular vesiculo-tubular structures in the deposition of suberin monomers.
- Damien De Bellis
- , Lothar Kalmbach
- & Marie Barberon
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| Open AccessArabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening
Stomatal guard cells require ATP in order to fuel stomatal movements. Here the authors show that guard cell photosynthesis is limited, mitochondria are the main source of ATP and that guard cell chloroplasts import ATP via nucleotide transporters.
- Shey-Li Lim
- , Sabrina Flütsch
- & Boon Leong Lim
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Article
| Open AccessGeminiviruses employ host DNA glycosylases to subvert DNA methylation-mediated defense
Plants tightly regulate DNA methylation to regulate gene expression. Here, the authors show that the tomato yellow leaf curl China virus βC1 protein interacts with plant DNA glycosylases to promote demethylation of viral DNA and promote virulence.
- Xiaojian Gui
- , Chang Liu
- & Xueping Zhou
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| Open AccessCarbohydrate-aromatic interface and molecular architecture of lignocellulose
The plant biomass is a composite formed by a variety of polysaccharides and an aromatic polymer named lignin. Here, the authors use solid-state NMR spectroscopy to unveil the carbohydrate-aromatic interface that leads to the variable architecture of lignocellulose biomaterials.
- Alex Kirui
- , Wancheng Zhao
- & Tuo Wang
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| Open AccessNuA4 and H2A.Z control environmental responses and autotrophic growth in Arabidopsis
Function of nucleosomal acetyltransferase of H4 (NuA4), one major complex of HAT, remains unclear in plants. Here, the authors generate mutants targeting two components of the putative NuA4 complex in Arabidopsis (EAF1 and EPL1) and show their roles in photosynthesis genes regulation through H4K5ac and H2A.Z acetylation.
- Tomasz Bieluszewski
- , Weronika Sura
- & Piotr A. Ziolkowski
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| Open AccessDistinct mechanisms orchestrate the contra-polarity of IRK and KOIN, two LRR-receptor-kinases controlling root cell division
Protein polarization coordinates many plant developmental processes. Here the authors show that IRK and KOIN, two LRR-receptor-kinases polarized to opposite sides of cells in the root meristem, rely on distinct mechanisms to achieve polarity.
- Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan
- , Roya Campos
- & Jaimie M. Van Norman
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| Open AccessSYP72 interacts with the mechanosensitive channel MSL8 to protect pollen from hypoosmotic shock during hydration
Pollen grains undergo desiccation and rehydration prior to germination and must survive osmotic shock. Here the authors show that the Qc-SNARE protein SYP72 is required for the localization of the mechanosensitive channel MSL8 at the plasma membrane and to maintain viability during rehydration.
- Xuemei Zhou
- , Yifan Zheng
- & Peng Zhao
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| Open AccessConnected function of PRAF/RLD and GNOM in membrane trafficking controls intrinsic cell polarity in plants
The polarly localized BASL protein controls asymmetric cell division during stomatal lineage development in Arabidopsis. Here, the authors show that BASL polarization depends on PRAF/RLD proteins that interact with GNOM and suggest a role for endosomal trafficking in establishing polarity.
- Lu Wang
- , Dongmeng Li
- & Juan Dong
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Article
| Open AccessInterdependent iron and phosphorus availability controls photosynthesis through retrograde signaling
Iron deficiency induces chlorosis in plants but only when phosphate supply is sufficient. Here, the authors show that phosphate-dependency is governed by a ROS-mediated retrograde signaling pathway involving the PHT4;4 chloroplast ascorbate transporter and the bZIP58 nuclear transcription factor.
- Hye-In Nam
- , Zaigham Shahzad
- & Hatem Rouached
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Article
| Open AccessMPK3- and MPK6-mediated VLN3 phosphorylation regulates actin dynamics during stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis
Plants can rapidly close stomata to restrict pathogen entry into leaves. Here the authors show that phosphorylation of villin3 by mitogen-activated protein kinases modulates actin remodeling to activate stomatal defense in Arabidopsis.
- Minxia Zou
- , Mengmeng Guo
- & Jiejie Li
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis P4 ATPase-mediated cell detoxification confers resistance to Fusarium graminearum and Verticillium dahliae
Toxic metabolites produced by phytopathogens can subvert host immunity. Here the authors show that the Arabidopsis P4-ATPases, AtALA1 and AtALA7 mediate mycotoxin detoxification by promoting vesicle transport and their subsequent sequestration and degradation in vacuoles.
- Fanlong Wang
- , Xianbi Li
- & Yan Pei
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Article
| Open AccessStructural basis for high selectivity of a rice silicon channel Lsi1
The rice Lsi1 aquaporin mediates uptake of silicic acid via the roots. Here the authors show the crystal structure of rice Lsi1 and characterize a unique five residue hydrophilic selectivity filter providing a structural basis for the highly selective activity of Lsi1 in Si uptake.
- Yasunori Saitoh
- , Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- & Michihiro Suga
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| Open AccessLight-triggered and phosphorylation-dependent 14-3-3 association with NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 is required for hypocotyl phototropism
NPH3 is required for auxin-dependent plant phototropism. Here Reuter et al. show that NPH3 is a plasma membrane-bound phospholipid-binding protein and that in response to blue light, NPH3 is phosphorylated and associates with 14-3-3 proteins which leads to dissociation from the plasma membrane.
- Lea Reuter
- , Tanja Schmidt
- & Claudia Oecking
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Article
| Open AccessSterols are required for the coordinated assembly of lipid droplets in developing seeds
Lipid droplet biogenesis originates at the endoplasmic reticulum and is defined by a specific set of lipids and proteins. Here, the authors show that sterols play an important role in coordinating oil and oleosin biosynthesis for the formation of lipid droplets in plant leaves and seeds.
- Linhui Yu
- , Jilian Fan
- & Changcheng Xu
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Article
| Open AccessA minus-end directed kinesin motor directs gravitropism in Physcomitrella patens
Gravitropism is the process by which plants perceive and respond to gravity. Here the authors identify a minus-end-directed kinesin required for gravity-triggered actin filament rearrangement and negative gravitropic response in the moss Physcomitrella patens, thus linking a microtubule-based cellular motor to gravitropism via actin.
- Yufan Li
- , Zhaoguo Deng
- & Haodong Chen
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Article
| Open AccessStructure and function of an Arabidopsis thaliana sulfate transporter
Plant sulfate transporters mediate absorption and distribution of sulfate. Here the authors present functional assays and a cryo-EM structure of the Arabidopsis SULTR4;1 transporter identifying key domains for dimerization, substrate binding and coupling of transport activity to a proton gradient.
- Lie Wang
- , Kehan Chen
- & Ming Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessLanthanum(III) triggers AtrbohD- and jasmonic acid-dependent systemic endocytosis in plants
Rare earth elements are widely used in agriculture to promote plant growth. Here the authors show that aerial application of a rare earth element to the leaves triggers a graft-transmissible, RbohD- and jasmonic acid-dependent systemic signal that triggers endocytosis and mineral nutrient uptake in roots.
- Mengzhu Cheng
- , Lihong Wang
- & Zhenbiao Yang
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| Open AccessSphingolipids mediate polar sorting of PIN2 through phosphoinositide consumption at the trans-Golgi network
Lipid composition impacts the function of cellular membranes. Here the authors show that a reduction in sphingolipid acyl-chain length promotes phosphoinositide consumption by phospholipase C at the Arabidopsis trans-Golgi network which in turn regulates sorting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2.
- Yoko Ito
- , Nicolas Esnay
- & Yohann Boutté
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| Open AccessXanthomonas effector XopR hijacks host actin cytoskeleton via complex coacervation
Bacterial pathogens can subvert host cell processes through secreted proteins but the precise mechanisms and repertoire of proteins remains unclear. Here the authors report that a bacterial effector protein of Xanthomonas campestris, XopR, undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation to hijack the host cell actin cytoskeleton.
- He Sun
- , Xinlu Zhu
- & Yansong Miao
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| Open AccessAn anchoring complex recruits katanin for microtubule severing at the plant cortical nucleation sites
Katanin severs microtubules to facilitate array reorientation and amplification. Here the authors show that a conserved centrosomal complex of Msd1 and Wdr8 recruits katanin to cortical nucleation sites in acentrosomal plant cells and stabilizes daughter microtubules until they are severed by katanin.
- Noriyoshi Yagi
- , Takehide Kato
- & Takashi Hashimoto
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| Open AccessDistinct EH domains of the endocytic TPLATE complex confer lipid and protein binding
AtEH/Pan1 proteins contain two N-terminal Eps15 homology (EH) domains and are subunits of the endocytic TPLATE complex present in plants. Here, the authors combine X-ray crystallography, NMR and MD simulations with biochemical and in planta analysis to characterize the two AtEH1/Pan1 EH domains and reveal their structural differences and complementary functional roles.
- Klaas Yperman
- , Anna C. Papageorgiou
- & Daniel Van Damme
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| Open AccessEpidermal chloroplasts are defense-related motile organelles equipped with plant immune components
Leaf epidermal cells contain small chloroplasts which likely contribute little to photosynthesis and whose function is unclear. Here the authors show that these chloroplasts move toward the leaf surface in response to invasion trials by non-adapted fungal pathogens and contribute to non-host resistance.
- Hiroki Irieda
- & Yoshitaka Takano
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| Open AccessPersistent directional growth capability in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes after nuclear elimination from the apex
Arabidopsis pollen contains a vegetative nucleus and two sperm cells that move to the apical region during pollen tube growth. Here, Motomura et al. make use of transgenic pollen with immobilized nuclei and show that, contrary to previous assumptions, movement of the vegetative nucleus is not needed for pollen tube guidance.
- Kazuki Motomura
- , Hidenori Takeuchi
- & Daisuke Maruyama
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| Open AccessA central circadian oscillator confers defense heterosis in hybrids without growth vigor costs
There is frequently a trade-off between plant immunity and growth. Here the authors show that the epigenetic control of CCA1, encoding a core component of the circadian oscillator, simultaneously promotes heterosis for both defense and growth in hybrids under pathogen invasion.
- Li Yang
- , Pengtao Liu
- & Guangming He
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Article
| Open AccessTwo chemically distinct root lignin barriers control solute and water balance
Defects in the Casparian strip, a fine band of lignin that seals root endodermal cells and plays roles in nutrient homeostasis, activate a signaling pathway leading to over-lignification. Here, the authors show that this process leads to the deposition of compensatory lignin that is chemically distinct from Casparian strip lignin.
- Guilhem Reyt
- , Priya Ramakrishna
- & David E. Salt
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Article
| Open AccessThe E3 ligase MREL57 modulates microtubule stability and stomatal closure in response to ABA
During stomatal opening and closing, the guard cell microtubule cytoskeleton is reorganised. Here the authors show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase MREL57 targets the microtubule stabilizing protein WDL7 to promote microtubule disassembly during ABA-induced stomatal closure.
- Liru Dou
- , Kaikai He
- & Tonglin Mao
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| Open AccessGABA signalling modulates stomatal opening to enhance plant water use efficiency and drought resilience
GABA accumulates during stress in plants but how, where and when GABA acts is not clear. Here the authors show that GABA production in Arabidopsis guard cells reduces stomatal opening and transpirational water loss, thereby improving water use efficiency.
- Bo Xu
- , Yu Long
- & Matthew Gilliham
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| Open AccessCargo sorting zones in the trans-Golgi network visualized by super-resolution confocal live imaging microscopy in plants
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) serves as a platform to sort and transport proteins to their final destinations. Here the authors show that the TGN of Arabidopsis consists of spatially and temporally distinct subregions and propose that these zones may sort cargo to different destinations.
- Yutaro Shimizu
- , Junpei Takagi
- & Akihiko Nakano
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| Open AccessA molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids
There are several competing hypotheses for the acquisition of red algal-derived plastids by eukaryotic phytoplankton. Here, the authors use Bayesian molecular clock analyses to evaluate the chronological possibility of the proposed plastid origins and transmissions.
- Jürgen F. H. Strassert
- , Iker Irisarri
- & Fabien Burki
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| Open AccessThe singularity response reveals entrainment properties of the plant circadian clock
Phase response curves reveal how biological clocks respond to stimuli applied during different circadian phases but can be costly to produce. Here Masuda et al. show that phase response curves for plants can be reconstructed by monitoring how a desynchronized population responds to a single stimulus.
- Kosaku Masuda
- , Isao T. Tokuda
- & Hirokazu Fukuda
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| Open AccessLong-term single-cell imaging and simulations of microtubules reveal principles behind wall patterning during proto-xylem development
Plant cell wall formation is directed by cortical microtubules, which produce complex patterns needed to support xylem vessels. Here, the authors perform live-cell imaging and simulations of Arabidopsis cells during proto-xylem differentiation to show how local microtubule dynamics control pattern formation.
- René Schneider
- , Kris van’t Klooster
- & Staffan Persson
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| Open AccessA network-based framework for shape analysis enables accurate characterization of leaf epidermal cells
While cell shape is crucial for function and development of organisms, versatile frameworks for cell shape quantification, comparison, and classification remain underdeveloped. Here, the authors use a network-based framework for Arabidopsis leaf epidermal cell shape characterization and classification.
- Jacqueline Nowak
- , Ryan Christopher Eng
- & Zoran Nikoloski
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Article
| Open AccessRETRACTED ARTICLE:The Arabidopsis NOT4A E3 ligase promotes PGR3 expression and regulates chloroplast translation
NOT4 proteins associate with ribosomes and are required for co-translational quality control in yeast and animals. Here, Bailey et al. show that Arabidopsis NOT4A positively regulates the expression of the nuclear encoded pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein PGR3 and is required for ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation in the chloroplast.
- Mark Bailey
- , Aiste Ivanauskaite
- & Daniel J. Gibbs
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| Open AccessPeroxisomes form intralumenal vesicles with roles in fatty acid catabolism and protein compartmentalization in Arabidopsis
Peroxisomes are organelles compartmentalising metabolic reactions such as the breakdown of fats, and are commonly thought of as single membrane-bound compartments. Here the authors show that Arabidopsis peroxisomes contain extensive internal vesicles that form from the bounding membrane in an ESCRT-dependent process.
- Zachary J. Wright
- & Bonnie Bartel
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| Open AccessArabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization and immunity
Remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton occurs during plant immune responses to pathogens. Here Lu et al. show that this process requires the calcium-dependent kinase CPK3 which phosphorylates actin depolymerizing factor 4 and is required for both PAMP and effector-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.
- Yi-Ju Lu
- , Pai Li
- & Brad Day
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| Open AccessThe liverwort oil body is formed by redirection of the secretory pathway
Liverworts have a unique oil body organelle unrelated to lipid stores found in other eukaryotes. Here the authors show that oil body formation is analogous to that of cell plates, relying on periodic redirection of the secretory pathway and a syntaxin-1 homolog, and that oil bodies contribute to defence against herbivory.
- Takehiko Kanazawa
- , Hatsune Morinaka
- & Takashi Ueda
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| Open AccessArmadillo-repeat kinesin1 interacts with Arabidopsis atlastin RHD3 to move ER with plus-end of microtubules
The architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shaped by both atlastin GTPases and the cytoskeleton. Here the authors show that ARK1, an armadillo repeat kinesin, interacts with the Arabidopsis atlastin RHD3 to guide ER tubule fusions via microtubules to generate a fine ER network.
- Jiaqi Sun
- , Mi Zhang
- & Huanquan Zheng
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Article
| Open AccessMYB61 is regulated by GRF4 and promotes nitrogen utilization and biomass production in rice
The molecular connection between nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and biomass production is unclear. Here, the authors show that differences in NUE and cellulose biogenesis between rice indica and japonica subspecies can be explained by variation at the MYB61 locus, which is regulated by the NUE regulator GRF4.
- Yihong Gao
- , Zuopeng Xu
- & Yihua Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessTailoring poplar lignin without yield penalty by combining a null and haploinsufficient CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE2 allele
Plants with reduced amounts of lignin typically suffer from dwarfed growth, which offsets their gain in fermentable sugar yield. Here, the authors show that genome-edited poplar lines with a null and a haploinsufficient allele of CINNAMOYL-COA REDUCTASE2 (CCR2) can be obtained that have a reduced lignin level and normal growth.
- Barbara De Meester
- , Barbara Madariaga Calderón
- & Wout Boerjan
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Article
| Open AccessPreferred crystallographic orientation of cellulose in plant primary cell walls
Cellulose is synthesized as microfibrils of β-1,4-linked glucan chains arranged in a crystalline lattice. Here Ye et al. use grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering to show that cellulose crystals are preferentially orientated parallel to the plant cell wall, rather than as twisting microfibrils as previously hypothesized.
- Dan Ye
- , Sintu Rongpipi
- & Enrique D. Gomez
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Article
| Open AccessA moonlighting role for enzymes of glycolysis in the co-localization of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Protein-protein interactions are thought to channel substrates between consecutive enzymes during glycolysis. Here the authors show that Arabidopsis phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase can form a substrate-channelling metabolon and also play a moonlighting role in promoting colocalization of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
- Youjun Zhang
- , Arun Sampathkumar
- & Alisdair R. Fernie
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Article
| Open AccessCytokinin fluoroprobe reveals multiple sites of cytokinin perception at plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum
Cytokinin receptors predominantly localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, Kubiasová et al. use a cytokinin fluoroprobe to show that ER-localized cytokinin receptors can enter the secretory pathway, reach the plasma membrane and undergo vesicular recycling, suggesting multiple sites of cytokinin perception.
- Karolina Kubiasová
- , Juan Carlos Montesinos
- & Lukáš Spíchal
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Article
| Open AccessAuxin-induced signaling protein nanoclustering contributes to cell polarity formation
The significance of protein nanoclustering in cell polarization is unclear. Here Pan et al. show that auxin-induced TMK1/sterol nanoclustering as well as microtubule-based positive feedback regulation of the TMK1/sterol nanoclusters is critical for cell polarity formation in Arabidopsis.
- Xue Pan
- , Linjing Fang
- & Zhenbiao Yang
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Article
| Open AccessStrigolactones inhibit auxin feedback on PIN-dependent auxin transport canalization
Strigolactones are a newly identified, but incompletely characterized class of plant hormones play crucial roles in plant development. Here the authors show that strigolactones prevent an auxin feedback-effect on PIN-FORMED (PIN) polarity and trafficking, thereby regulating vascular tissue formation and regeneration.
- Jing Zhang
- , Ewa Mazur
- & Jiří Friml
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| Open AccessProximity labeling proteomics reveals critical regulators for inner nuclear membrane protein degradation in plants
Maintaining protein integrity at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) is critical for eukaryotic cellular function. Here, using proximity-labeling proteomics, Huang et al. profile the INM in Arabidopsis and identify the CDC48 complex and PUX proteins as components of an INM protein degradation pathway.
- Aobo Huang
- , Yu Tang
- & Yangnan Gu
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Article
| Open AccessIn planta study of photosynthesis and photorespiration using NADPH and NADH/NAD+ fluorescent protein sensors
NADP(H) and NAD(H) are crucial energy molecules in plant metabolism. Here, via the use of circularly permutated fluorescent protein sensors, the authors demonstrate dynamic changes in NADPH and the NADH/NAD+ ratio during photosynthesis and photorespiration at the subcellular level in planta.
- Shey-Li Lim
- , Chia Pao Voon
- & Boon Leong Lim
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Article
| Open AccessSYNERGISTIC ON AUXIN AND CYTOKININ 1 positively regulates growth and attenuates soil pathogen resistance
Cytokinin and auxin are two major hormonal regulators of plant growth. Here the authors identify SYAC1, a gene that is synergistically activated by the two hormones being applied together, and show that it is required for normal growth while negatively impacting pathogen resistance.
- Andrej Hurný
- , Candela Cuesta
- & Eva Benková
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| Open AccessTargeted delivery of nanomaterials with chemical cargoes in plants enabled by a biorecognition motif
Targeted delivery of nanomaterials to subcellular compartments could allow precision engineering of plant function. Here, Santana et al. show that quantum dots functionalized with a rationally-designed targeting peptide are preferentially delivered to chloroplasts where they can be used to tune organellar redox status.
- Israel Santana
- , Honghong Wu
- & Juan Pablo Giraldo
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Article
| Open AccessMild proteasomal stress improves photosynthetic performance in Arabidopsis chloroplasts
Most chloroplast proteins are imported from the cytosol and thus transiently exposed to the cytosolic proteasome. Here the authors show that impairment of the cytosolic proteasome can elevate precursor protein abundance and photosynthetic activity suggesting that cytosolic protein turnover is a means to tune plastid function.
- Julia Grimmer
- , Stefan Helm
- & Sacha Baginsky