Featured
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Article
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Confined-microtubule assembly shapes three-dimensional cell wall structures in xylem vessels
In plant metaxylem, three-dimensional cell wall arches are formed over pit membranes. Here, the authors show that the microtubule-associated proteins, MAP70-5 and MAP70-1, confine microtubules within the pit aperture and direct growth of pit arches in the proper orientation.
- Takema Sasaki
- , Kei Saito
- & Yoshihisa Oda
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Article
| Open Access
NET4 and RabG3 link actin to the tonoplast and facilitate cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal immunity
Protein tethers can bridge the actin cytoskeleton with cellular membranes. Here, the authors show that two members of the NETWORKED family, NET4A and NET4B, tether actin filaments and the tonoplast through interaction with RABG3b and are essential for actin reorganization during stomatal closure in plant immunity.
- Timothy J. Hawkins
- , Michaela Kopischke
- & Silke Robatzek
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Article
| Open Access
Spindle motility skews division site determination during asymmetric cell division in Physcomitrella
In plants, the site of asymmetric cell division (ACD) is generally thought to be determined by the preprophase band and the mitotic spindle is typically static. However, the authors show here that the moss Physcomitrella has motile mitotic spindles that can skew ACD in the absence of preprophase bands.
- Elena Kozgunova
- , Mari W. Yoshida
- & Gohta Goshima
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Article
| Open Access
MPK3- and MPK6-mediated VLN3 phosphorylation regulates actin dynamics during stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis
Plants can rapidly close stomata to restrict pathogen entry into leaves. Here the authors show that phosphorylation of villin3 by mitogen-activated protein kinases modulates actin remodeling to activate stomatal defense in Arabidopsis.
- Minxia Zou
- , Mengmeng Guo
- & Jiejie Li
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Article
| Open Access
A minus-end directed kinesin motor directs gravitropism in Physcomitrella patens
Gravitropism is the process by which plants perceive and respond to gravity. Here the authors identify a minus-end-directed kinesin required for gravity-triggered actin filament rearrangement and negative gravitropic response in the moss Physcomitrella patens, thus linking a microtubule-based cellular motor to gravitropism via actin.
- Yufan Li
- , Zhaoguo Deng
- & Haodong Chen
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Article
| Open Access
Xanthomonas effector XopR hijacks host actin cytoskeleton via complex coacervation
Bacterial pathogens can subvert host cell processes through secreted proteins but the precise mechanisms and repertoire of proteins remains unclear. Here the authors report that a bacterial effector protein of Xanthomonas campestris, XopR, undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation to hijack the host cell actin cytoskeleton.
- He Sun
- , Xinlu Zhu
- & Yansong Miao
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Article
| Open Access
An anchoring complex recruits katanin for microtubule severing at the plant cortical nucleation sites
Katanin severs microtubules to facilitate array reorientation and amplification. Here the authors show that a conserved centrosomal complex of Msd1 and Wdr8 recruits katanin to cortical nucleation sites in acentrosomal plant cells and stabilizes daughter microtubules until they are severed by katanin.
- Noriyoshi Yagi
- , Takehide Kato
- & Takashi Hashimoto
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Article
| Open Access
The E3 ligase MREL57 modulates microtubule stability and stomatal closure in response to ABA
During stomatal opening and closing, the guard cell microtubule cytoskeleton is reorganised. Here the authors show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase MREL57 targets the microtubule stabilizing protein WDL7 to promote microtubule disassembly during ABA-induced stomatal closure.
- Liru Dou
- , Kaikai He
- & Tonglin Mao
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Article
| Open Access
Long-term single-cell imaging and simulations of microtubules reveal principles behind wall patterning during proto-xylem development
Plant cell wall formation is directed by cortical microtubules, which produce complex patterns needed to support xylem vessels. Here, the authors perform live-cell imaging and simulations of Arabidopsis cells during proto-xylem differentiation to show how local microtubule dynamics control pattern formation.
- René Schneider
- , Kris van’t Klooster
- & Staffan Persson
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Article
| Open Access
Armadillo-repeat kinesin1 interacts with Arabidopsis atlastin RHD3 to move ER with plus-end of microtubules
The architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shaped by both atlastin GTPases and the cytoskeleton. Here the authors show that ARK1, an armadillo repeat kinesin, interacts with the Arabidopsis atlastin RHD3 to guide ER tubule fusions via microtubules to generate a fine ER network.
- Jiaqi Sun
- , Mi Zhang
- & Huanquan Zheng
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Perspective
| Open Access
Are microtubules tension sensors?
Cellular mechanical stress is a key determinant of cell shape and function, but how the cell senses stress direction is unclear. In this Perspective the authors propose that microtubules autonomously sense stress directions in plant cells, where tensile stresses are higher than in animal cells.
- Olivier Hamant
- , Daisuke Inoue
- & Eric Mjolsness
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Article
| Open Access
A Rho-actin signaling pathway shapes cell wall boundaries in Arabidopsis xylem vessels
Cell wall pits allow movement of water between xylem vessels and are formed via Rho-GTPase mediated signaling that leads to local microtubule disassembly. Here, Sugiyama et al. show that an additional Rho-GTPase pathway controls cell wall deposition and actin dynamics to form pit boundaries.
- Yuki Sugiyama
- , Yoshinobu Nagashima
- & Yoshihisa Oda
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Article
| Open Access
The preprophase band-associated kinesin-14 OsKCH2 is a processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor
Land plants lack the cytoplasmic dynein motor in fungi and animals that shows processive minus-end-directed motility on microtubules. Here the authors demonstrate that land plants have evolved novel processive minus-end-directed kinesin-14 motors that likely compensate for the absence of dynein.
- Kuo-Fu Tseng
- , Pan Wang
- & Weihong Qiu
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Article
| Open Access
A CLASP-modulated cell edge barrier mechanism drives cell-wide cortical microtubule organization in Arabidopsis
How microtubules are organized correctly in plant cells is not well understood. Ambroseet al. use 4D imaging and computer modelling to show that sharp cell edges induce microtubule depolymerization and that the microtubule-associated protein CLASP mitigates this process to modulate array organization.
- Chris Ambrose
- , Jun F. Allard
- & Geoffrey O. Wasteneys
Actomyosin and CSI1/POM2 cooperate to deliver cellulose synthase from Golgi to cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis