Reviews & Analysis

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  • This review focuses on recent advances in on-chip platforms for patient-like in vitro modeling of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases as well as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The authors advocate for broader usage of these human-relevant models in the academic and pharmaceutical fields.

    • Sarnai Amartumur
    • Huong Nguyen
    • Chaejeong Heo
    Review ArticleOpen Access
  • Reservoir Computing has shown advantageous performance in signal processing and learning tasks due to compact design and ability for fast training. Here, the authors discuss the parallel progress of mathematical theory, algorithm design and experimental realizations of Reservoir Computers, and identify emerging opportunities as well as existing challenges for their large-scale industrial adoption.

    • Min Yan
    • Can Huang
    • Jie Sun
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Memristors hold promise for massively-parallel computing at low power. Aguirre et al. provide a comprehensive protocol of the materials and methods for designing memristive artificial neural networks with the detailed working principles of each building block and the tools for performance evaluation.

    • Fernando Aguirre
    • Abu Sebastian
    • Mario Lanza
    Review ArticleOpen Access
  • Rejuvenation and partial reprogramming are two frontier areas in the field of aging. Here, the authors summarize advances in these fields and suggest future directions for research and therapy.

    • Ali Doğa Yücel
    • Vadim N. Gladyshev
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, with its multisystem effects, presents a substantial challenge to clinicians. Here, the authors show the necessity for comprehensive multidisciplinary care and the urgent need for largescale studies to validate standardised treatment protocols for improved outcomes.

    • Suneesh Thilak
    • Poppy Brown
    • Tonny Veenith
    Review ArticleOpen Access
  • The development of human cellular models of aging that surpass the limitations of animal models of aging is urgent. Here, the authors explore the opportunities and limitations of cellular reprogramming to create reliable aging in vitro models and their potential for the discovery of anti-aging compounds.

    • Patricia R. Pitrez
    • Luis M. Monteiro
    • Lino Ferreira
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Optical computing via free-space-based structured optical materials allows to access optical information without the need for preprocessing or optoelectronic conversion. In this Perspective, the authors describe opportunities and challenges in their use for optical computing, information processing, computational imaging and sensing.

    • Jingtian Hu
    • Deniz Mengu
    • Aydogan Ozcan
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Engineering the form and function of root systems and their associated microbiota could provide a means to mitigate adverse climate-driven effects. Here, the authors review the recent developments in plant and rhizobacterial synthetic biology and highlight engineering targets for applications in root systems and rhizosphere.

    • Carin J. Ragland
    • Kevin Y. Shih
    • José R. Dinneny
    Review ArticleOpen Access
  • Genetic risk variants for autoimmune diseases are largely enriched in T cell-specific regulatory regions. In this review, Raychaudhuri and colleagues summarise the findings of recent studies evaluating the genetic regulation of T cell molecular and functional traits in these diseases.

    • Kaitlyn A. Lagattuta
    • Hannah L. Park
    • Soumya Raychaudhuri
    Review ArticleOpen Access
  • In order to complete the transition to the era of large-scale integration, silicon photonics will have to overcome several challenges. Here, the authors outline what these challenges are and what it will take to tackle them.

    • Sudip Shekhar
    • Wim Bogaerts
    • Bhavin J. Shastri
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Natural climate solutions can mitigate climate change but misunderstandings about what constitutes a natural climate solution generate unnecessary confusion and controversy. This Perspective distills five foundational principles of natural climate solutions and fifteen operational principles for practical implementation.

    • Peter Woods Ellis
    • Aaron Marr Page
    • Susan C. Cook-Patton
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Neuroprosthetic devices have recently emerged as promising solutions to restore sensory-motor functions lost due to injury or neurological diseases. In this perspective, Donati and Valle propose to combine neuroprostheses with neuromorphic technologies for designing more natural human-machine interfaces with possible improvements in device performance, acceptability, and embeddability.

    • Elisa Donati
    • Giacomo Valle
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Climate change could drive critical parts of the Earth system past tipping points, causing large-scale, abrupt and/or irreversible changes that harm societies. Here, the authors suggest that satellite remote sensing can play a unique role in helping manage these profound risks, by providing improved early warning of tipping points across scales.

    • Timothy M. Lenton
    • Jesse F. Abrams
    • Niklas Boers
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • Life-crucial membrane fusion and budding were traditionally viewed with electron microscopy. With recent breakthroughs that visualize membrane transformation in real time, Wu and Chan synthesize a new model with mechanistic principles and functions.

    • Ling-Gang Wu
    • Chung Yu Chan
    PerspectiveOpen Access
  • In this Perspective, the authors illustrate the physics of hyperbolic polaritons in anisotropic 2D and 1D materials, proposing new potential material candidates, forward looking opportunities and technological applications.

    • Hongwei Wang
    • Anshuman Kumar
    • Tony Low
    PerspectiveOpen Access