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| Open AccessDefects in the cell wall and its deposition caused by loss-of-function of three RLKs alter root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plants have evolved strategies to protect root tips from the damage of stresses. Chang et al., show that root tips are covered with wax, which can efficiently protect root tips from osmotic stress and alter root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis.
- Jinke Chang
- , Xiaopeng Li
- & Jia Li
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Article
| Open AccessIn-section Click-iT detection and super-resolution CLEM analysis of nucleolar ultrastructure and replication in plants
Application of correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) in plants remains challenging. Here, the authors use Click-iT chemistry as a tool for CLEM, due to its unique properties in resin permeability and super-resolution microscopy. They use this approach to study cellular physiology in Arabidopsis.
- Michal Franek
- , Lenka Koptašíková
- & Jíří Fajkus
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Article
| Open AccessSpatiotemporal formation of glands in plants is modulated by MYB-like transcription factors
The spatiotemporal formation of glands in tomato trichomes is regulated by two MYB-like transcription factors, named as GCR1 and 2, whose expression is tightly restricted by SlTOE1B. GCR1 and 2 inhibit gland formation by repressing LFS expression.
- Jiang Chang
- , Shurong Wu
- & Shuang Wu
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Article
| Open AccessChromatin attachment to the nuclear matrix represses hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana
The role of the nuclear matrix in plant nuclei is unclear. Here the authors reveal that nuclear matrix-associated proteins act as a regulatory hub, recruiting both DNA and transcriptional repressors to the nuclear matrix
- Linhao Xu
- , Shiwei Zheng
- & Hua Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessPetal abscission is promoted by jasmonic acid-induced autophagy at Arabidopsis petal bases
In angiosperms, petal abscission is crucial for reproductive success and seed dispersion. However, the regulation of this abscission remains unclear. Here, the authors identify a process of petal abscission regulated by jasmonic acid via autophagy at the base of Arabidopsis petals.
- Yuki Furuta
- , Haruka Yamamoto
- & Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
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| Open AccessPlastid ancestors lacked a complete Entner-Doudoroff pathway, limiting plants to glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway
The Enter-Doudoroff (ED) pathway is an alternative to glycolysis present in some prokaryotes. Evans et al. show that its dehydratase enzyme, evolved from a branched chain amino acid pathway paralog, acquired a new function through mutations in its active site.
- Sonia E. Evans
- , Anya E. Franks
- & Michael A. Phillips
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Article
| Open AccessA plant cell death-inducing protein from litchi interacts with Peronophythora litchii pectate lyase and enhances plant resistance
The plant apoplastic space is a critical battlefield in plant-microbe interactions. Here, the authors show that a positive regulator of plant immunity PIP1 recognizes pectate lysates secreted by oomycetes and elicits immunity via SERK3.
- Wen Li
- , Peng Li
- & Zide Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessAdaptive traits of cysts of the snow alga Sanguina nivaloides unveiled by 3D subcellular imaging
Sanguina nivaloides thrives in red snowfields worldwide. It cannot be cultivated. Using environmental samples, 3D electron microscopy combined with functional analyzes revealed unique cell architecture features adapted to life in a snowy environment.
- Jade A. Ezzedine
- , Clarisse Uwizeye
- & Eric Maréchal
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Article
| Open AccessActomyosin and CSI1/POM2 cooperate to deliver cellulose synthase from Golgi to cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis
Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs), which are trafficked and delivered from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Here Liu et al. reveal a non-canonical route for CSCs exiting from the Golgi.
- Lu Liu
- , Ting Wang
- & Yi Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessConfined-microtubule assembly shapes three-dimensional cell wall structures in xylem vessels
In plant metaxylem, three-dimensional cell wall arches are formed over pit membranes. Here, the authors show that the microtubule-associated proteins, MAP70-5 and MAP70-1, confine microtubules within the pit aperture and direct growth of pit arches in the proper orientation.
- Takema Sasaki
- , Kei Saito
- & Yoshihisa Oda
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Article
| Open AccessAdjustment of light-responsive NADP dynamics in chloroplasts by stromal pH
NADP+ is the final electron acceptor for linear electron transfer in photosynthesis. Here, the authors show that the NADP pool size is modulated by its interconversion with NAD via ΔpH regulation in response to varying light conditions.
- Yusuke Fukuda
- , Chinami Ishiyama
- & Shin-nosuke Hashida
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Article
| Open AccessTwo subtypes of GTPase-activating proteins coordinate tip growth and cell size regulation in Physcomitrium patens
Using the moss Physcomitrium patens, the authors reveal that PpRopGAPs and PpRenGAP redundantly regulate tip growth by inactivating ROP GTPases and influencing their membrane organization. They display distinct GAP activities and binding capacities to ROPs and oppositely regulate cell width when overexpressed.
- Jingtong Ruan
- , Linyu Lai
- & Peishan Yi
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Article
| Open AccessNanobody-based VSR7 tracing shows clathrin-dependent TGN to Golgi recycling
Nanobody-epitope interaction-based analysis of the Arabidopsis VACUOLAR SORTING RECEPTOR7 (VSR7) suggests immobilization-based ligand transport to the TGN/EE and ends due to acidity-driven ligand release and clathrin-dependent receptor recycling.
- Xiaoyu Shao
- , Hao Xu
- & Peter Pimpl
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Article
| Open AccessN-hydroxypipecolic acid triggers systemic acquired resistance through extracellular NAD(P)
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response triggered by mobile signals generated at the primary infection site. Here the authors show that one such mobile signal, N-hydroxypipecolic acid, can trigger production of eNAD(P) that activates SAR through the LecRK-VI.2 receptor.
- Qi Li
- , Mingxi Zhou
- & Zhonglin Mou
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Article
| Open AccessEndocytosis-mediated entry of a caterpillar effector into plants is countered by Jasmonate
The authors find that cotton bollworms secrete effectors into plant to weaken JA signaling via host endocytosis system while JA inhibits endocytosis to restrict effector imports. The defense and counter-defense loop between effector and JA reflects a robust arms race between plant and insect.
- Zi-Wei Yan
- , Fang-Yan Chen
- & Ying-Bo Mao
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Article
| Open AccessDefense against phytopathogens relies on efficient antimicrobial protein secretion mediated by the microtubule-binding protein TGNap1
Defining plant defense machinery against pathogens is significant in cell biology and crop yield. TGNap1, a TGN and microtubule-binding protein, is required for defense and efficient anti-microbial protein secretion, linking secretion and cytoskeleton.
- Deepak D. Bhandari
- , Dae Kwan Ko
- & Federica Brandizzi
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Article
| Open AccessNET4 and RabG3 link actin to the tonoplast and facilitate cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal immunity
Protein tethers can bridge the actin cytoskeleton with cellular membranes. Here, the authors show that two members of the NETWORKED family, NET4A and NET4B, tether actin filaments and the tonoplast through interaction with RABG3b and are essential for actin reorganization during stomatal closure in plant immunity.
- Timothy J. Hawkins
- , Michaela Kopischke
- & Silke Robatzek
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Article
| Open AccessExo84c interacts with VAP27 to regulate exocytotic compartment degradation and stigma senescence
The exocyst complex is essential for plant development. Here the authors reveal a link between the exocyst complex and the ER network in regulating the degradation of exocytic compartments, stigma senescence and flower receptivity
- Tong Zhang
- , Yifan Li
- & Pengwei Wang
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Article
| Open AccessA maize epimerase modulates cell wall synthesis and glycosylation during stomatal morphogenesis
Dynamic cell walls enable stomata rapidly responding to the environment. Here the authors report that a maize epimerase is involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and glycosylation modulation during stomatal morphogenesis.
- Yusen Zhou
- , Tian Zhang
- & Chun-Peng Song
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Article
| Open AccessA signal peptide peptidase is required for ER-symbiosome proximal association and protein secretion
During nitrogen fixing symbiosis, rhizobia enter legume nodule cells to form the symbiosome. Here the authors report that a nodule-specific signal peptide peptidase is essential for the molecular communication between host cells and the symbiont.
- Jian Yang
- , Niu Zhai
- & Huairong Pan
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Article
| Open AccessWeak acids produced during anaerobic respiration suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration
The processes of photosynthesis, aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation) power life on Earth. Here, using mainly green alga Chlamydomonas, the authors find that the weak acids produced during fermentation could chemically suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
- Xiaojie Pang
- , Wojciech J. Nawrocki
- & Lijin Tian
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Article
| Open AccessA selective autophagy receptor VISP1 induces symptom recovery by targeting viral silencing suppressors
Symptom recovery is induced by a balanced “arms race” between viruses and plants. Here, the authors show that a small peptide mediates autophagic degradation of viral silencing suppressors to reach the balance of virus pathogenicity and plant immunity.
- Xin Tong
- , Jia-Jia Zhao
- & Xian-Bing Wang
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Article
| Open AccessFAT-switch-based quantitative S-nitrosoproteomics reveals a key role of GSNOR1 in regulating ER functions
This study developed a highly sensitive method for detecting S-nitrosylation peptides, which allows quantitative identification of S-nitrosylated proteins and reveals a key role of GSNOR1 in regulating endoplasmic reticulum functions in Arabidopsis.
- Guochen Qin
- , Menghuan Qu
- & Pengcheng Wang
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Article
| Open AccessThe plant unique ESCRT component FREE1 regulates autophagosome closure
Nutrient sensing impinges on the autophagosome biogenesis. Here, the authors present evidence that plant energy sensing regulates the autophagosome closure by modulating the phosphorylation status and localization of the ESCRT machinery.
- Yonglun Zeng
- , Baiying Li
- & Liwen Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessDirected growth and fusion of membrane-wall microdomains requires CASP-mediated inhibition and displacement of secretory foci
Casparian strips are extracellular diffusion barriers in plant roots. Here, Barbosa et al. provide evidence that CASP proteins shape Casparian strips by displacing vesicle tethering factors and organizing cell wall formation
- Inês Catarina Ramos Barbosa
- , Damien De Bellis
- & Niko Geldner
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Article
| Open AccessDistinct roles of Arabidopsis ORC1 proteins in DNA replication and heterochromatic H3K27me1 deposition
The dynamics of DNA replication factors is crucial for cell cycle progression. Arabidopsis encode two origin recognition complex 1 proteins, ORC1a and ORC1b, with distinct roles in DNA replication and deposition of heterochromatic H3K27me1, respectively.
- Zaida Vergara
- , María S. Gomez
- & Crisanto Gutierrez
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Article
| Open AccessA phosphoinositide hub connects CLE peptide signaling and polar auxin efflux regulation
In this paper the authors demonstrate that auxin efflux in the phloem vascular tissue of plants is determined by antagonism between CLE peptide signaling pathways and phosphoinositide kinases.
- Qian Wang
- , A. Cecilia Aliaga Fandino
- & Christian S. Hardtke
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Article
| Open AccessPotassium nutrient status drives posttranslational regulation of a low-K response network in Arabidopsis
Potassium is essential for plant growth and development. Here the authors present evidence that plants respond to low potassium availability by modulating the abundance and phosphorylation status of proteins in CBL-CIPK-channel modules.
- Kun-Lun Li
- , Ren-Jie Tang
- & Sheng Luan
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Article
| Open AccessEthylene-triggered subcellular trafficking of CTR1 enhances the response to ethylene gas
Park et al. show that upon exposure to ethylene gas, CTR1, which normally has a negative effect on ethylene signaling, translocates into the nucleus and enhances the plant’s response to ethylene by stabilizing the EIN3 transcription factor.
- Hye Lin Park
- , Dong Hye Seo
- & Gyeong Mee Yoon
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Article
| Open AccessEmission of floral volatiles is facilitated by cell-wall non-specific lipid transfer proteins
Volatile compounds to be released from the plant cell to the atmosphere must cross the cell wall. Here the authors show that cell-wall localized non-specific lipid transfer proteins facilitate the diffusion of volatiles across the hydrophilic cell wall.
- Pan Liao
- , Itay Maoz
- & Natalia Dudareva
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Article
| Open AccessStabilization of membrane topologies by proteinaceous remorin scaffolds
In plants, plasma membrane topologies are predominantly driven by the cell wall. In this study, the authors demonstrate that remorin proteins can take over these functions at specialized, unwalled plasma membranes such as infection droplets associated with symbiotic infection threads.
- Chao Su
- , Marta Rodriguez-Franco
- & Thomas Ott
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis γ-H2A.X-INTERACTING PROTEIN participates in DNA damage response and safeguards chromatin stability
γ-H2A.X is a critical signal for DNA double strand break responses. In this study, an Arabidopsis protein that interacts with γ-H2A.X and the recombinase RAD51 is shown to contribute to plant chromatin stability and integrity.
- Tianyi Fan
- , Huijia Kang
- & Yan Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessBioenergetics of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed by ratiometric genetically encoded biosensors
Pollen tube growth involves coordinated energy fluxes between plastids, the cytosol, and mitochondria. Here using ratiometric biosensors, the authors delineate energy flux in growing Arabidopsis pollen tubes by monitoring ATP, NADPH and the NADH/NAD + ratio at the subcellular level.
- Jinhong Liu
- , Shey-Li Lim
- & Boon Leong Lim
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Article
| Open AccessPexophagy suppresses ROS-induced damage in leaf cells under high-intensity light
Pexophagy plays a pivotal role in the selective removal of ROS-generating peroxisomes, which protects plants from oxidative damage during photosynthesis under high-intensity light.
- Kazusato Oikawa
- , Shino Goto-Yamada
- & Mikio Nishimura
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Article
| Open AccessCalcium-mediated rapid movements defend against herbivorous insects in Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica moves its leaves within seconds of being touched or wounded. Here the authors show that such movements are triggered by rapid changes in Ca2+ and action and variation potentials and provide evidence that rapid movements help protect the plant from insect attacks.
- Takuma Hagihara
- , Hiroaki Mano
- & Masatsugu Toyota
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Article
| Open AccessLipid-mediated activation of plasma membrane-localized deubiquitylating enzymes modulate endosomal trafficking
The endocytic degradation of plasma membrane proteins can be modulated by deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). Here, the authors describe two plasma membrane localized Arabidopsis DUBs that can be activated by binding to anionic lipids and influence the endocytic transport of plasma membrane proteins.
- Karin Vogel
- , Tobias Bläske
- & Erika Isono
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Article
| Open AccessAlkaloid binding to opium poppy major latex proteins triggers structural modification and functional aggregation
Opium poppy accumulates alkaloids in the specialized cytoplasm of laticifers known as latex. Here the authors show that the binding of alkaloids to the abundant major latex proteins triggers quaternary structural modification that mediates a functional role for protein aggregation.
- Natali Ozber
- , Samuel C. Carr
- & Peter J. Facchini
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Article
| Open AccessA conserved enzyme of smut fungi facilitates cell-to-cell extension in the plant bundle sheath
Smut fungi secrete effector proteins that suppress host plant immunity. Here the authors show that the corn smut effector Erc1 has 1,3-β-glucanase activity and promotes virulence in maize leaves by attenuating β-glucan-induced defense responses.
- Bilal Ökmen
- , Elaine Jaeger
- & Gunther Doehlemann
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Article
| Open AccessTraB family proteins are components of ER-mitochondrial contact sites and regulate ER-mitochondrial interactions and mitophagy
Contact sites permit the exchange of signals and materials between organelles. Here the authors characterize a protein complex associated with an ER-mitochondrial contact site in Arabidopsis that is required for mitochondrial function and mitochondrial turnover
- Chengyang Li
- , Patrick Duckney
- & Pengwei Wang
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Article
| Open AccessDistinct ankyrin repeat subdomains control VAPYRIN locations and intracellular accommodation functions during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
VAPYRIN is a plant protein required for symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here the authors identify VAPYRIN domains that control subcellular targeting and protein-protein interactions and propose that VAPYRIN acts in the nucleus and cytoplasm to coordinate signaling and intracellular arbuscule accommodation.
- Penelope L. Lindsay
- , Sergey Ivanov
- & Maria J. Harrison
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Article
| Open AccessWAVY GROWTH Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligases affect apical PIN sorting decisions
Directionality of auxin transport is determined by polar localization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins. Here the authors show that Arabidopsis WAV3 E3 ubiquitin ligases contribute to PIN polarity by selectively antagonizing ectopic deposition of de novo synthesized PIN proteins following cell division.
- Nataliia Konstantinova
- , Lukas Hoermayer
- & Christian Luschnig
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Article
| Open AccessThe receptor kinase SRF3 coordinates iron-level and flagellin dependent defense and growth responses in plants
Iron homeostasis is known to influence plant immune signaling. Here the authors characterize SRF3, a receptor kinase that acts as a negative regulator of callose synthesis, that is required for root responses to iron deficiency and pathogen signals.
- Matthieu Pierre Platre
- , Santosh B. Satbhai
- & Wolfgang Busch
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Article
| Open AccessPhosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate controls autophagosome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Autophagosomes are specialized vesicles that target and deliver cargo to the lytic vacuole. Here the authors show that plasma-membrane derived lipid phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate supports the assembly and expansion of autophagosomes in Arabidopsis
- Rodrigo Enrique Gomez
- , Clément Chambaud
- & Amélie Bernard
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Article
| Open AccessDe-etiolation-induced protein 1 (DEIP1) mediates assembly of the cytochrome b6f complex in Arabidopsis
The Cytb6f complex is a multi-subunit enzyme that couples the two photosystems during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Here the authors show that the thylakoid-localized DEIP1 protein interacts with the PetA and PetB subunits, and is essential for Cytb6f complex assembly in Arabidopsis.
- Omar Sandoval-Ibáñez
- , David Rolo
- & Ralph Bock
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Article
| Open AccessPOD1-SUN-CRT3 chaperone complex guards the ER sorting of LRR receptor kinases in Arabidopsis
Cargo transport from the ER to the Golgi is highly selective. Here the authors identify three secretory pathway localized proteins that regulate ER sorting of receptor kinases in Arabidopsis and are required to support pollen tube growth.
- Yong Xue
- , Jiang-Guo Meng
- & Wei-Cai Yang
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Article
| Open AccessSpindle motility skews division site determination during asymmetric cell division in Physcomitrella
In plants, the site of asymmetric cell division (ACD) is generally thought to be determined by the preprophase band and the mitotic spindle is typically static. However, the authors show here that the moss Physcomitrella has motile mitotic spindles that can skew ACD in the absence of preprophase bands.
- Elena Kozgunova
- , Mari W. Yoshida
- & Gohta Goshima
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Article
| Open AccessA hierarchical transcriptional network activates specific CDK inhibitors that regulate G2 to control cell size and number in Arabidopsis
Cell division and expansion are carefully coordinated during organ growth. Here, the authors show that the SCL28 and SMOS1 transcription factors interact to regulate cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and promote cell size increase over division in Arabidopsis.
- Yuji Nomoto
- , Hirotomo Takatsuka
- & Masaki Ito
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Article
| Open AccessExtracellular vesiculo-tubular structures associated with suberin deposition in plant cell walls
Suberizing plant cells export suberin monomers outside of the cell to form a hydrophobic barrier. Here the authors propose a role for extracellular vesiculo-tubular structures in the deposition of suberin monomers.
- Damien De Bellis
- , Lothar Kalmbach
- & Marie Barberon
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Article
| Open AccessArabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening
Stomatal guard cells require ATP in order to fuel stomatal movements. Here the authors show that guard cell photosynthesis is limited, mitochondria are the main source of ATP and that guard cell chloroplasts import ATP via nucleotide transporters.
- Shey-Li Lim
- , Sabrina Flütsch
- & Boon Leong Lim