Review Article |
Featured
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Review Article |
Effects of lifestyle factors on leukocytes in cardiovascular health and disease
In this Review, Swirski and co-workers discuss how lifestyle factors modulate haematopoiesis and leukocyte migration in the context of cardiovascular homeostasis and disease, with particular focus on the role of the nervous system as the key executor connecting environmental influences to leukocyte behaviour.
- Henrike Janssen
- , Laura L. Koekkoek
- & Filip K. Swirski
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Research Highlight |
Mediterranean diet superior to low-fat diet for secondary prevention of CVD
Dietary interventions can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. According to the CORDIOPREV study, a Mediterranean-style diet is superior to a low-fat diet in preventing major cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease.
- Gregory B. Lim
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Review Article |
Prevention of atherosclerosis from childhood
In this Review, Raitakari and colleagues discuss the importance of initiating the prevention of atherosclerosis in early life and summarize the major paediatric programmes for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
- Olli Raitakari
- , Katja Pahkala
- & Costan G. Magnussen
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Research Highlight |
Salt substitution reduces the rate of cardiovascular events and death
In the SSaSS trial, substituting regular table salt (100% sodium chloride) with an alternative containing 25% potassium chloride reduced the rate of stroke, major cardiovascular events and all-cause death.
- Gregory B. Lim
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Research Highlight |
A tailored cardiac rehabilitation for patients with acute heart failure
A tailored cardiac rehabilitation programme resulted in a greater improvement in physical function than usual care among elderly frail patients who were hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure
- Andrew Robson
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Comment |
Yoga for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Yoga has been associated with improvements in numerous cardiovascular risk factors and has the potential to address the unmet needs of current cardiovascular prevention strategies. Large and well-designed clinical trials are needed to assess the benefits of yoga across the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases and to provide the evidence required for its widespread implementation.
- Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- & Ambalam M. Chandrasekaran
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News & Views |
Is salt substitution ready for prime time?
Salt substitutes hold great potential for the control of blood pressure and prevention of chronic disease, but the evidence base remains inadequate. Data from a community-based trial in Peru add to this evidence base and support the conduct of large-scale trials to drive the global uptake of salt substitution.
- Bruce Neal
- & Matti Marklund
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Review Article |
The effects of endurance exercise on the heart: panacea or poison?
Moderate exercise improves cardiovascular health and is associated with physiological cardiac adaptations; by contrast, the hearts of endurance athletes can undergo maladaptations, including myocardial fibrosis and arrhythmias. In this Review, Parry-Williams and Sharma discuss whether excessive endurance exercise might damage both diseased and otherwise normal hearts.
- Gemma Parry-Williams
- & Sanjay Sharma
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Comment |
Neighbourhood built environment and cardiovascular disease: knowledge and future directions
Awareness of the effect of the neighbourhood built environment on cardiovascular diseases is growing. In this Comment, we identify major conceptual, methodological and policy-relevant issues in research related to the built environment and describe potential future directions to improve the scientific rigour of research in this field.
- Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- , Gavin R. McCormack
- & Koichiro Oka
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Comment |
Predicting longevity using metabolomics: a novel tool for precision lifestyle medicine?
Metabolomics data can be used to identify biomarkers of all-cause mortality. In this Comment article, Després suggests that these biomarkers can also predict risk of death associated with risk factors that can be reduced through changes in lifestyle habits.
- Jean-Pierre Després
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Research Highlight |
Exercise protects against cardiovascular disease by modulating immune cell supply
A new study shows that regular physical activity exerts cardiovascular beneficial effects by reducing the proliferation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via modulation of their niche, leading to a reduction in the systemic supply of inflammatory leukocytes.
- Irene Fernández-Ruiz
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Review Article |
Dietary fats and cardiometabolic disease: mechanisms and effects on risk factors and outcomes
Dietary fats comprise heterogeneous molecules with diverse structures and complex health effects. This Review discusses the effects of different dietary fats on cell processes and cardiometabolic disease risk factors and clinical events, highlighting areas of controversy and future research directions to improve the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases through optimization of dietary fat intake.
- Jason H. Y. Wu
- , Renata Micha
- & Dariush Mozaffarian
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Research Highlight |
Images of subclinical atherosclerosis incentivize cardiovascular risk reduction
- Gregory B. Lim
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Review Article |
Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors
The benefits of regular exercise extend beyond its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. In this Review, the authors outline the non-traditional mechanisms underlying the benefits of exercise in CVD and highlight the importance of a holistic view of exercise in cardiovascular health.
- Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- , Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- & Alejandro Lucia
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Review Article |
Endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis impairment in the ageing vasculature
Cellular, molecular, and functional changes occur in the endothelium during ageing. Ungvari and colleagues explore the links between oxidative and nitrative stress and the conserved molecular pathways affecting endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis during ageing, and also speculate on how these pathological processes might be therapeutically targeted.
- Zoltan Ungvari
- , Stefano Tarantini
- & Anna Csiszar
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Review Article |
Interventions to promote cardiometabolic health and slow cardiovascular ageing
Cardiovascular ageing and the atherosclerotic process begin very early in life and progress over decades of exposure to suboptimal metabolic and hormonal risk factors. In this Review, Fontana discusses how various approaches, including calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, regular physical activity, and mindfulness-based stress-reduction exercises, can slow the effects of cardiovascular ageing and promote cardiometabolic health.
- Luigi Fontana
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Review Article |
Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes
The use of electronic cigarettes has increased dramatically in the past decade, but its effects on cardiovascular health are still unknown. In this Review, Benowitz and Fraiman discuss the constituents, exposure, and potential mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity of electronic cigarettes compared with conventional tobacco cigarettes.
- Neal L. Benowitz
- & Joseph B. Fraiman
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Comment |
Cardiovascular disease prevention: lifestyle attenuation of genetic risk
Both rare and common genetic variants predict the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but recent studies have provided compelling evidence that individuals who harbour variants that elevate their risk of CVD can substantially lower this risk by controlling lifestyle-related risk factors, such as smoking, diet, and physical activity.
- Benoit J. Arsenault
- & Jean-Pierre Després
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Review Article |
Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of exercise-induced arrhythmias
The association between exercise and increased risk of atrial fibrillation among athletes is well established. In this Review, Guasch and Mont discuss the evidence supporting the existence of exercise-induced arrhythmias and describe the special considerations for management of these patients.
- Eduard Guasch
- & Lluís Mont
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News & Views |
What's app in emergency cardiovascular care?
In a new scientific statement, the AHA addresses the revolution brought by smartphones and social media to the field of emergency cardiology. New, attractive opportunities exist alongside new dangers. Information is currently delivered to the Internet without control. Trustworthy medical information is needed: it is time for scientific societies to take action.
- Natale Daniele Brunetti
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Review Article |
Cardiovascular risks and benefits of moderate and heavy alcohol consumption
Although the harmful cardiovascular effects of alcoholism are well-known, the potentially beneficial effects of low-to-moderate alcohol intake are still debated. In this Review, Fernández-Solà considers the evidence for and against the cardioprotective properties of alcohol, and makes the case for the overall health benefits of reductions in alcohol consumption.
- Joaquim Fernández-Solà
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News & Views |
Smoking and CAD—what's plaque got to do with it?
The precise physiological mechanisms linking cigarette smoking with increased coronary risk remain largely speculative. Similarly, the reason why smoking cessation is effective at ameliorating this risk is also unclear. The subclinical study by Nakanishi and colleagues has challenged the orthodoxy that plaque formation is the necessary ingredient underpinning these associations.
- Rachel Huxley
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Review Article |
The mobile revolution—using smartphone apps to prevent cardiovascular disease
In an increasingly digital world, widespread access to smartphones and mobile technology might be harnessed to improve cardiovascular disease prevention, management, and rehabilitation. In this Review, Neubeck et al. discuss the burgeoning market of health-related mobile apps, and question whether they are evidence-based and beneficial to individuals with cardiovascular disease, and what design features might encourage behavioural change.
- Lis Neubeck
- , Nicole Lowres
- & Julie Redfern
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Review Article |
Prehypertension—prevalence, health risks, and management strategies
Prehypertension affects 25–50% of adults worldwide and is associated with incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In this Review, Egan and Stevens-Fabry provide guidance to health-care professionals by summarizing the available data on the prevalence of prehypertension, the related risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the effect of lifestyle and medical interventions on reducing incident disease.
- Brent M. Egan
- & Sean Stevens-Fabry
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Year in Review |
Advances in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly atherosclerosis, remains a priority on the global health agenda. A healthy lifestyle at both individual and population levels, combined with pharmacological treatment of CVD risk factors, is recommended. In this Year in Review article, we discuss the major advances in CVD prevention in 2014.
- Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- & Carolyn Gotay
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Research Highlight |
Childhood exposure to parental smoking confers lifelong increase in cardiovascular risk
- Gregory B. Lim
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Research Highlight |
Increased risk of cardiovascular death in adults who eat high levels of added sugar
- Bryony M. Mearns
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In Brief |
A little education goes a long way
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Correspondence |
Reasons to recommend lifestyle changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity
- Rainer Spiegel
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Research Highlight |
Look AHEAD published: weight loss not linked to fewer cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes
- Bryony M. Mearns
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News & Views |
Looking back at Look AHEAD—giving lifestyle a chance
The Look AHEAD trial did not show that a lifestyle modification programme aimed at weight loss could reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease events. We attempt to address why this trial was 'negative', and emphasize that further randomized lifestyle modification trials focusing on the effects of physical activity and exercise are needed.
- Jean-Pierre Després
- & Paul Poirier
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Research Highlight |
Salt restriction might lower blood pressure, but are there any beneficial effects on mortality?
- Gregory B. Lim
The menopausal transition period and cardiovascular risk
The healthy diet — fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fats
More data to encourage current cigarette smokers to quit
Reducing alcohol intake improves heart health
Benefits of yoga in patients with atrial fibrillation