Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Bladder cancer outcomes are considered worse for women than for men, whereas incidence is three to four times higher in men than in women. Understanding biological phenomena and health-system factors driving these differences is essential to improve outcomes and develop novel treatment approaches.
In this Perspective, the authors highlight the ethical challenges of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) in urology and its influence on daily practice. Ethical principles for the application of AI in health care and urology are proposed to improve and oversee the use of such technologies.
The microbiota influences the body in homeostasis and disease, including cancer, and, although specific urinary and gut microbial species have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, causal mechanistic data remain elusive. In this Perspective article, the authors discuss the roles of the microbiota in prostate carcinogenesis and progression, and consider how these might be leveraged for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
In this Perspective, the author uses a comparative evolutionary approach to explain renal physiology. The kidney structure and the urinary collecting system are contextualized within the evolutionary and environmental selective pressures that might have contributed to renal evolution.
Body fluid-derived stem cells (BFSCs) have been used as a stem cell source in animal models of regenerative diseases. In this Perspective, the authors present the characteristics and immunomodulatory properties of different BFSCs, focusing on the therapeutic potential of these cells in the treatment of genitourinary conditions and discussing challenges in the clinical translation of BFCSs in urinary regeneration.
In this Perspective article, the authors summarize the roles of vitamins in calcium-containing kidney stone disease, and hypothesize implications for the gut microbiota in altering vitamin homeostasis by modulating vitamin absorption, production and chemical modification.
In this Perspective, current evidence to support de-escalation strategies of attenuated chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery for stage II seminoma to minimize the toxic effects of treatment is described and new potential de-escalation strategies are discussed.
Since its inception in 1922, prostate biopsy has undergone considerable changes in both technique and indication. In this Perspective, the authors describe the history of prostate biopsy and consider the role of imaging in prostate biopsy, now and in the future.
This Perspective covers existing patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of prostate cancer, and their features and uses in basic and preclinical research. The authors also discuss the need for additional PDXs, and how collaboration in prostate cancer PDX research can be improved.
