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Monogenic causes account for up to 20% of nephrolithiasis instances and are crucial for developing targeted treatments. Whole-exome sequencing, genome-wide association, candidate gene, and in vitro and animal functional studies are crucial to identify these mutations. Therapies targeting monogenic variants, such as RNA-interference-based treatments, have been successfully used to treat monogenic disorders.
Centralization of care for penile cancer has been underscored in the 2023 updated EAU–ASCO guidelines. Expertise consolidation enhances patient care, addressing penile cancer complexities from diagnosis to treatment. Centralization initiatives, like the European Reference Networks, and dedicated scientific societies have crucial roles in guiding centralized care pathways to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Autonomous surgical robots have the potential to transform surgery and increase access to quality health care. Advances in artificial intelligence have produced robots mimicking human demonstrations. This application might be feasible for surgical robots but is associated with obstacles in creating robots that emulate surgeon demonstrations.
The growing global burden of genitourinary cancers is disproportionately shouldered by low- and middle-income countries. Medical journals offer an avenue for discourse among different stakeholders to strategize and identify solutions. Thus, achieving diversity in this context is crucial to put together a heterogeneous group of stakeholders with diverse personal and cultural experiences as well as distinct problem-solving approaches.
The combination of pembrolizumab and enfortumab vedotin shows promise as a first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. Enfortumab vedotin targets nectin-4, in turn enhancing T cell and natural killer cell activity, inhibiting immunosuppressive pathways and impeding tumour evasion. This synergy with pembrolizumab shows potential in enhancing immunotherapy for these patients.