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The contribution of visual information to the representation of space in the brain is well known and recent research in rodents has indicated that spatial signals can also influence visual processing. In this Review, Saleem and Busse describe what is known about these bidirectional interactions and their importance in the control of visuo-spatial behaviour.
The binding of psychedelics to the BDNF receptor TrkB boosts plasticity in cultured neurons and underlies the antidepressant-like effects of these compounds in mice.
Alternative splicing dysregulation contributes to the molecular pathology of a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, Nikom and Zheng discuss the latest advances in RNA-based therapeutic strategies developed to target the underlying splicing mechanisms.
Various theories exist for the function of the dentate gyrus in learning and memory. In this Perspective article, Rangel and colleagues compare a number of these theories and discuss how they may be further tested to develop a better understanding of dentate gyrus function.
The number of neural stem cells in the brain decreases with age, which in the dentate gyrus of older mice is associated with a lower SIRT7-mediated mitochondrial unfolded protein response and reduced neural stem cell maintenance and neurogenesis.
Microglia are detected in active lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and research in animal models has suggested diverse roles for these cells in neural damage and repair. Gosselin and colleagues discuss the mechanisms through which microglia contribute to neuropathology and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their function in demyelinating conditions.
Oligodendrocytes secrete extracellular vesicles, which deliver cargo to axons where they regulate key cellular processes. In this Review, Krämer-Albers and Werner discuss the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles promote neuronal health and their potential to be utilized therapeutically.
A brain–computer interface can decode semantic representations of perceived and imagined stimuli at the level of words and phrases from functional MRI recordings of brain activity.
Artificial neural networks are being widely used to model behavioural and neural data. In this Perspective article, Doerig et al. present neuroconnectionism as a Lakatosian research programme using artificial neural networks as a computational language for expressing falsifiable theories and hypotheses about the brain computations underlying cognition.
The thalamus is a subcortical structure that is highly interconnected with various brain regions. In this Perspective, Kai Hwang and colleagues examine the role of the human thalamus in the systems-level control of information processing.
In many animals, injury can be followed by a pattern of persistent pain and recuperative behaviour that facilitates effective recovery. In this Perspective, Seymour, Crook and Chen outline a control theory framework to explain the adaptive processes that occur in the brain that underlie behaviour after injury.
Neuronal activity in the secondary motor cortex of mice engaged in a foraging task simultaneously represents multiple alternative decision-making strategies.
Oxytocin-releasing projections from the paraventricular nucleus enhance top-down nociceptive regulation in rats by altering the excitation–inhibition balance in the prefrontal cortex.
