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This Perspective highlights an accumulating body of literature that outlines a direct role for oral-associated bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. The authors propose a model by which oral-associated species might expand in the inflamed intestinal environment to exacerbate inflammation.
Defaecation is a coordinated process that requires a morphologically intact gastrointestinal tract and the integration of multiple physiological systems (neuromuscular, hormonal and cognitive). This Review describes the physiology of human defaecation and continence, providing insights into the pathophysiology of defaecation and evacuation disorders.
Here, the authors describe the complex role of regulated cell death (RCD) in pancreatic tumorigenesis and treatment. They also discuss how RCD is reshaped in tumours at both molecular and metabolic levels and highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field.
Declining recruitment rates in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) trials have resulted in calls to modify the conduct of trials in IBD in order to make them more efficient and patient centred. Here, we propose a number of potential modifications.
Gene editing to correct inherited liver disorders has promise for future therapeutic intervention, but lack of effective and safe delivery of the gene-editing machinery to hepatocytes complicates its clinical application. Two studies now report efficient delivery to the liver of non-human primates, providing proof of concept for novel treatment of inherited hypercholesterolaemia.
Colorectal cancer screening has a large potential to reduce incidence and mortality, and screening programmes have been implemented in many countries and regions. Emerging epidemiological trends and evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of various screening options call for regular updates of screening recommendations.
This Review discusses the role of dietary fats and carbohydrates in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies on the dietary habits of patients with NAFLD, and the effect on liver fat accumulation of altering dietary macronutrients, are also reviewed.
Being a patient–scientist offers a unique perspective into the daily challenges of living with a disease, the quest to find a cure, and the need to expand the breadth of patient education.
Scientists and clinicians are increasingly using social media in a professional capacity. More guidance is needed to provide a framework for the professional use of social media in academic and clinical settings.