Primers and PrimeViews

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade and summarizes its epidemiology, diagnosis, management and outlook, and accompanies the Primer on cardiac tamponade by Adler and colleagues.

Cardiac tamponade is a potentially life-threatening emergency involving compression of the heart caused by accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. This Primer by Adler and colleagues provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and effect on patient quality of life of cardiac tamponade as well as of areas requiring further research.

This PrimeView illustrates the simplified mechanisms of imprinting disorders, and accompanies the Primer article on these disorders by Eggermann et al.

This Primer summarizes the molecular mechanisms of imprinting disorders, in addition to the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Moreover, this Primer provides an overview of future research avenues and the effect of these disorders on patient quality of life.

This PrimeView summarizes the treatment of oppositional defiant disorder, a behavioural disorder that is characterized by angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour and vindictiveness.

This Primer by Hawes and colleagues summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), a disruptive behaviour disorder that typically occurs in childhood. This Primer also discusses the effects of ODD across the lifespan and provides an overview of future research directions.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a diffuse large B cell lymphoma that exclusively affects the brain, spinal cord, meninges or eyes. This illustrated PrimeView accompanies the Primer article on PCNSL by Ferreri and colleagues.

This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. This Primer also reviews future research avenues and the effect that this disorder has on the quality of life of patients.

This illustrated PrimeView summarizes the diagnosis, mechanisms, epidemiology and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease, and accompanies the Primer article on this topic by Malard et al.

Acute graft-versus-host disease can occur after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this disorder. This Primer also reviews future research avenues and the effect this disorder has on patients’ quality of life.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology and risk factors of child and adolescent obesity, and summarizes the mechanisms, diagnosis, management and prevention of this condition.

Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents remains high or is increasing. This Primer by Lister and colleagues discusses the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of obesity in this age group. The authors also highlight patient quality of life and areas for further research.

This PrimeView highlights the mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of young-onset colorectal cancer.

Young-onset colorectal cancer occurs in individuals younger than 50 years and is increasing in incidence worldwide. This Primer provides an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, screening, prevention, pathophysiology and management of this cancer and its impact on patient quality of life.

This PrimeView highlights the pathophysiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and summarizes its epidemiology, diagnosis and management. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Malfertheiner and colleagues.

Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis and can lead to severe gastroduodenal pathologies, including peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of this infection, and discusses patient quality of life and open research questions.

This PrimeView highlights the epidemiology of chikungunya fever and summarizes its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. It accompanies the Primer on this topic by Bartholomeeusen and colleagues.

Chikungunya fever is an acute febrile illness caused by chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne alphavirus. This Primer by Bartholomeeusen and colleagues summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of chikungunya fever, and discusses patient quality of life and open research questions for this condition.

This PrimeView highlights the diagnosis of intracerebral haemorrhage and accompanies the Primer article on the same topic by Cordonnier and colleagues.

This Primer by Cordonnier and colleagues describes the epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage.