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Inhibition of ferroptosis via selenium supplementation promotes the survival of follicular helper T cells, boosting the germinal center and antibody response following vaccination in mice and people.
Tissue-resident alveolar macrophages promote early tumor invasiveness and induction of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Analysis of the transcriptional landscape of inflammatory neutrophils discloses specific transcription factor engagement at the bone marrow–to-blood and the blood-to-tissue transitions.
Following clearance of chronic infections, virus-specific CD8+ T cells recover a subset of memory-related transcriptome features. Yet their unique open chromatin landscape largely reflects an exhausted or dysfunctional state, limiting their protective memory potential.
New reports provide further insight into the role of the transcription factor BATF in pivoting the differentiation of CD8+ T cells away from T cell exhaustion and facilitating the transition of these cells into potent effectors.
By engaging Toll-like receptor 2, translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) released from necrotic tumor cells can switch on an immunosuppressive network of monocytic and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells to block antitumor immunity.
Lung fibroblastic stromal cells support inflating memory CD8+ T cells after vaccination with an adenovirus vector through the creation of organized lymphoid structures that support the metabolic fitness of these expanded antigen-specific T cells.
Meta-analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets identifies core fibroblasts present in all organs that may give rise to more specialized organ-specific subtypes.
A multimodal proteomic analysis of the perturbations that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV induce in infected human lung epithelial cells reveals common and distinct immune-evasive and pathobiological mechanisms used by these coronaviruses.
Effective anticancer adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) requires sufficient infiltration of injected cytotoxic lymphocytes, but pathophysiology frustrates this. Regulator of G protein signaling 1 limits T cell trafficking to breast tumors and may be targeted to improve ACT.
SARS-CoV-2 infection activates TLR2 signaling, which results in the robust expression of proinflammatory cytokines that may contribute to disease in severe COVID-19. Inhibition of this signaling pathway represents a potential target for COVID-19 therapeutics.
The role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in cancer is currently under substantial scrutiny. New data show that ILC2s producing the proinflammatory cytokine GM-CSF coordinate eosinophils’ recruitment and activation to enhance antitumor responses
Colonization of the mucosal tissues by iNKT cells was thought to be linked to the first contact with the environment. New research demonstrates that this process is regulated by and dependent on embryonic macrophages.
C-12, a cluster of CD4+ TH17-like cells, defined by unbiased multimodal profiling of memory T cells, is significantly reduced in patients who have recovered from TB (progressors) as compared to those who were infected but did not develop the disease (non-progressors).
B cells rewire complement for optimal germinal center responses. When B cell C3 activity is limited, germinal centers collapse and outputs are impaired.
Chromatin undergoes extensive reprogramming during immune cell differentiation. Histone clipping, an underexplored epigenetic mechanism, ensures precise macrophage development and function and is now found to be dysregulated in autoinflammatory disease.
Single-cell technologies reveal the building blocks of secondary lymphoid organs, identifying Grem1+ fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) as critical niche cells that contribute to resident dendritic cell homeostasis and T cell immunity.
A systems immunology analysis of controlled human malaria infections in Africans who were malaria experienced and Europeans who were malaria naive yields new insights into old questions of malaria immunity.
T cell responses probably play important roles in the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they have been relatively understudied. Data now suggest that the majority of infected individuals develop robust and long-lasting T cell immunity, which has implications for the durability of immunity and future vaccine approaches.
