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Four new papers focused on how interleukin 10–producing cells are induced have led to some unexpected and intriguing observations on the nature of interleukin 17–producing T helper cells.
Many additional effects in HIV pathogenesis are now described for the chemokine receptor CCR5, long recognized as an important coreceptor for HIV, and its ligand CCL3L1.
Thymus-derived regulatory T cells are thought to suppress target cells by either a cell contact–dependent mechanism or the production of inhibitory cytokines. A new study suggests a third strategy of apoptosis induced by the consumption of interleukin 2 and other T cell growth factors by regulatory T cells.
Inhibition of phagocyte activity depends on the ligation of SIRP-α by CD47. New findings show that Sirpa polymorphisms influence the engraftment and tolerance of xenogeneic transplants in NOD-SCID mice.
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is essential for natural killer (NK) cell development and function, and the adaptor DAP10 transmits important signals in NK cells. New work shows that IL-15 and DAP10 cross regulate each other.