Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Cheng et al. demonstrate that an extra copy of the X-linked epigenetic regulator UTX in females increases natural killer (NK) cell effector function. As NK cells are critical for antiviral immunity, this may explain decreased severity of viral infections in females compared to males.
Lo and colleagues provide evidence for the TCR kinetic proofreading model by LAT Gly135Asp alteration to reveal functional consequences of altered kinetics in TCR activation in thymic selection and mature T-cell responses.
Zhang and colleagues perform functional, biochemical and structural analysis of a set of antibodies isolated from COVID-19 convalescents infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the pandemic and show they have broad neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested, including omicron.
Here, the authors show that CD8+ T cells egress from tumors via lymphatic vessels in a CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent manner. High-affinity antigen encounter inhibits CXCR4 and increases retention, while no encounter or weak affinity directs T cell exit to limit local tumor control.
Unlike metabolic reprogramming that is characteristic of macrophage inflammatory polarization responses to lipopolysaccharide and TLR4 stimulation, the metabolism underlying inflammatory responses to CD40 signaling is not well characterized. Here the authors show CD40 signaling drives fatty acid oxidation and glutamine metabolism resulting in regulation of the NAD+/NADH ratio, which in turn promotes antitumor and pro-inflammatory macrophage functions.
Type 1 diabetes is associated with homozygous expression of specific major histocompatibility complex class II beta chain polymorphisms. Here the authors show that the disease-protective effect of major histocompatibility complex class II heterozygosity is conferred by non-cognate thymocyte negative selection.
Here, the authors show that acute influenza infection induces trained immunity in self-sustaining resident alveolar macrophages, which independently exert long-term antimetastatic immune surveillance in the lung via enhanced tumor killing.
Here the authors show that dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway functions as a cell fate checkpoint that can be targeted to specifically diminish the number and function of effector T cells without affecting the memory T cell pool and response to infection.
Savage and colleagues identify a population of CD4+ T cells within the endogenous repertoire that exhibit hallmarks of overt self-reactivity, spontaneously adopt a follicular helper T cell phenotype and are enriched in non-lymphoid organs following sustained Treg cell depletion.
Here, the authors show that IFNγ binding to heparan sulfate is a mechanism to restrain IFNγ at the site of production, thereby preventing high systemic levels of this cytokine and associated immunopathology.
Here the authors show how metabolic alteration of acyl chain composition affects phosphoinositide-driven signaling to initiate and sustain CD8+ T cell effector function during cell differentiation.
Murre and colleagues identify a specific enhancer, E34, within the Igk locus that is required for chromatin remodeling and repositioning to promote Rag-mediated Igkv7-33 Vκ-Jκ gene recombination, needed for generation of anti-phosphorylcholine-specific antibodies. Mice lacking E34 are more susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.
In humans, intrathymic development of DCs is evident but its physiological significance is unknown. Taghon et al. show intrathymic development of DCs as hematopoietic stromal support for the early stages of human T cell development via IRF8-driven transmembrane TNF.
Tanaka and colleagues show that an SNX25–Nrf2 pathway in dermal macrophages sets the threshold for pain sensitivity through modulating the production of the neurotrophic factor NGF.
Caligiuri and colleagues show that the m6A reader YTHDF2 modulates the inflammatory activation and antitumor function of tumor-associated macrophages in part by modulating the stability of Stat1 mRNA.
Reboldi and colleagues show that high-cholesterol diets influence IgA secretion. Cholesterol-derived metabolites act on plasma cell GPR183 receptors to alter cell positioning of IgA+ plasma cells within the lamina propria and suppress antibody responses to intestinal pathogens.
Farber and colleagues examine the phenotypic, transcriptomic, clonal, and functional differences between tissue-resident T cells in various barrier tissue sites relative to T cells in lymphoid organs and circulation in humans.
The formation of an immunological synapse is central to the ability of NK cells to lyse target cells. Here the authors show that Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) might be a good target for cancer immunotherapy as it destabilizes the NK synapse, resulting in defective killing of tumor cells.
Here, the authors show that a subset of NKT2 cells are programmed during thymic development at early postnatal ages to migrate to the skin, where they support local tissue homeostasis through regulation of iron metabolism.
Trained immunity can manifest as a form of innate immune memory whereby innate immune cell responses are reprogrammed to respond differently to a variety of stimuli. Here, the authors show that lung macrophages can be trained by whole beta-glucan particle to enhance their ability to control tumor metastasis.