2021 tables: Institutions - biological sciences

The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.

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# Institution Share 2019 Share 2020 Count 2020 Change in Adjusted Share* 2019–2020
1 Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Italy 41.59 42.45 228 -5.6%
2 National Research Council (CNR), Italy 16.94 15.52 110 -15.2%
3 University of Trento (UNITN), Italy 10.25 12.60 63 13.6%
4 University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy 7.54 11.42 95 40.1%
5 Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), Italy 4.25 9.61 31 109.1%
6 Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Italy 11.22 8.95 32 -26.2%
7 University of Florence (UNIFI), Italy 3.80 8.90 47 116.8%
8 University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy 8.69 8.41 73 -10.5%
9 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 11.84 7.98 62 -37.7%
10 University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy 8.50 7.31 62 -20.5%
11 Telethon Foundation, Italy 6.22 5.96 26 -11.3%
12 University of Turin (UNITO), Italy 3.73 5.33 51 32.4%
13 University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy 8.70 4.44 45 -52.8%
14 University of Pavia (UNIPV), Italy 4.57 4.41 36 -10.8%
15 Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Italy 3.99 4.14 12 -3.9%
16 University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Italy 1.99 4.02 34 86.9%
17 University of Pisa (UNIPI), Italy 3.49 4.02 26 6.4%
18 University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Italy 2.08 3.59 25 59.7%
19 Techint Group, Italy 2.78 3.22 21 7.2%
20 Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy 1.34 3.17 15 119.8%
21 University of Parma (UNIPR), Italy 2.35 2.77 20 8.8%
22 University of Bari Aldo Moro (UniBA), Italy 1.96 2.66 25 25.4%
23 University of Perugia, Italy 0.56 2.62 23 331.8%
24 University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy 2.72 2.57 25 -12.7%
25 University of Verona (UNIVR), Italy 5.86 2.53 30 -60.0%
26 University of Genova, Italy 2.07 2.52 30 12.7%
27 Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), Italy 2.17 2.18 22 -7.3%
28 Bocconi University, Italy 0.17 2.07 5 1046.3%
29 University of Brescia (UNIBS), Italy 1.32 2.06 18 44.6%
30 University of Ferrara (UNIFE), Italy 1.70 2.05 19 11.5%
31 Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy 0.79 1.88 8 121.0%
32 National Institute of Molecular Genetics “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi” (INGM), Italy 0.90 1.81 15 87.2%
33 Fondazione Piemontese per la Ricerca sul Cancro Onlus (FPRC), Italy 0.89 1.54 6 60.4%
34 University of Palermo (UNIPA), Italy 0.56 1.35 16 125.0%
35 University of Siena (UNISI), Italy 1.63 1.25 20 -29.3%
36 Institute for the Study and Prevention of Cancer (ISPRO), Italy 0.02 1.23 6 7279.2%
37 University of Udine (UNIUD), Italy 1.64 1.22 15 -31.0%
38 University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy 1.00 1.17 16 8.1%
39 Italy Ministry of Health, Italy 1.76 1.15 8 -39.6%
40 Niguarda Hospital, Italy 0.32 1.05 6 203.8%
41 Marche Polytechnic University (UNIVPM), Italy 1.07 1.05 11 -9.9%
42 University Hospital of Verona, Italy 0.15 1.03 9 536.9%
43 University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro" (UNIPMN), Italy 1.51 1.01 9 -37.8%
44 Edmund Mach Foundation, Italy 0.59 0.96 6 49.4%
45 University of Tuscia (UNITUS), Italy 0.06 0.93 9 1345.2%
46 National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), Italy 0.02 0.93 2 4006.5%
47 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy 0.78 0.81 6 -3.8%
48 University of Insubria, Italy 0.15 0.80 8 384.2%
49 University of Cagliari (UNICA), Italy 2.05 0.76 9 -66.0%
50 European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), Italy – 0.75 1 N/A
51 University of Camerino (UNICAM), Italy 0.71 0.72 11 -5.9%
52 Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Italy 0.30 0.68 9 107.6%
53 Ospedale di Parma, Italy 0.02 0.65 5 2528.7%
54 Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Italy 0.53 0.63 3 9.6%
55 Orientale University of Naples, Italy 0.00 0.63 1 7406376.2%
56 Ca' Foscari University of Venice (UNIVE), Italy 0.27 0.61 7 110.0%
57 Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy 0.38 0.60 4 47.1%
58 Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS), Italy 1.18 0.59 7 -54.2%
59 University of Molise (UNIMOL), Italy 0.10 0.58 8 413.6%
60 Human Technopole Foundation, Italy 0.07 0.56 10 634.6%
61 University of Calabria (UNICAL), Italy 0.18 0.56 4 182.2%
62 Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Italy 1.25 0.55 5 -59.4%
63 Ospedale Policlinico Casilino, Italy – 0.54 2 N/A
64 Campus Bio-Medico University, Italy 0.15 0.53 3 223.7%
65 IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy 1.59 0.52 3 -69.6%
66 Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Italy 0.97 0.52 5 -50.6%
67 ReiThera Srl, Italy – 0.51 2 N/A
68 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Italy 2.42 0.47 4 -81.9%
69 University of Trieste (UNITS), Italy 2.62 0.45 12 -84.2%
70 Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII (ASST-PG23), Italy – 0.45 4 N/A
71 Ceinge - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a r.l., Italy 0.52 0.45 5 -20.3%
72 Museo Civico di Rovereto, Italy – 0.43 1 N/A
73 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli (SZN), Italy 1.94 0.37 3 -82.3%
74 University of Chieti (Ud'A), Italy 1.30 0.37 6 -73.8%
75 Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies of Pisa (SSSA), Italy 1.70 0.36 3 -80.4%
76 Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation (FEETV), Italy 0.04 0.36 3 833.2%
77 University of Sassari (UniSS), Italy 0.27 0.33 9 12.7%
78 Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy 0.04 0.32 6 586.1%
79 Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (Mbbm), Italy – 0.31 4 N/A
80 Fondazione ETHOIKOS, Italy – 0.30 1 N/A
81 European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Italy 0.27 0.29 9 1.1%
82 University of Messina (UNIME), Italy 0.43 0.29 9 -38.7%
83 Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Italy – 0.29 1 N/A
84 Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy – 0.25 1 N/A
84 Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 Centro (ASL Napoli 1 Centro), Italy – 0.25 1 N/A
84 Accelera Srl, Italy – 0.25 1 N/A
85 ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Italy 0.24 0.24 2 -7.1%
86 Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Italy 0.03 0.23 2 547.4%
87 Italy Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MiBACT), Italy 0.18 0.23 3 20.5%
88 National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Italy 0.01 0.22 1 1359.3%
89 Cogentech S.c.a.r.l., Italy – 0.22 2 N/A
90 Bari University Hospital, Italy 0.01 0.22 3 3821.9%
91 University of Salerno (UNISA), Italy 0.52 0.20 8 -64.2%
92 Kayser Italia S.r.l., Italy – 0.19 1 N/A
93 Pederzoli Hospital, Italy – 0.19 2 N/A
94 University of Magna Graecia (UMG), Italy 0.50 0.17 2 -67.9%
95 Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Italy 0.24 0.17 3 -35.4%
96 University of Salento, Italy 0.18 0.17 2 -12.0%
97 Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Italy – 0.17 1 N/A
98 Compagnia di San Paolo, Italy 0.28 0.17 6 -44.4%
99 Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Italy 0.07 0.16 4 118.9%
100 GENERA, Italy 0.10 0.16 1 46.0%

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 82 natural-science journals through 2022, in 2023 64 health-science journals were added to the Index. The 146 journals in the Nature Index were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
  5. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen annual tables.

*The change in adjusted Share accounts for the small annual variation in the total number of articles in Nature Index journals. Share values have been adjusted to 2022 levels to calculate the percentage change. For more information on the adjustment, please see the Adjusted metric explainer.


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