2021 Research Leaders: Leading academic institutions

The 2021 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.

Table criteria

Position Institution Share 2019 Share 2020 Count 2020 Change in Adjusted Share* 2019–2020
1 Harvard University, United States of America (USA) 924.00 924.57 2643 -3.5% Decrease
2 Stanford University, United States of America (USA) 647.70 636.59 1730 -5.2% Decrease
3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) 561.54 526.01 1879 -9.7% Decrease
4 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 431.40 461.12 1310 3.1% Increase
5 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 456.34 459.99 1441 -2.8% Decrease
6 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 419.29 457.10 1441 5.1% Increase
7 University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China 455.78 449.18 1208 -5.0% Decrease
8 Peking University (PKU), China 437.95 446.95 1636 -1.6% Decrease
9 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China 408.57 425.51 2506 0.4% Increase
10 Nanjing University (NJU), China 425.54 417.66 1022 -5.4% Decrease
11 University of Michigan (U-M), United States of America (USA) 343.97 398.65 1077 11.7% Increase
12 University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), United States of America (USA) 390.52 394.96 1345 -2.5% Decrease
13 Tsinghua University, China 428.62 394.15 1359 -11.3% Decrease
14 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 403.35 379.03 1058 -9.4% Decrease
15 Yale University, United States of America (USA) 338.76 360.82 1056 2.7% Increase
16 Zhejiang University (ZJU), China 330.24 342.73 853 0.1% Increase
17 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States of America (USA) 338.58 339.92 1121 -3.2% Decrease
18 University of Toronto (U of T), Canada 309.66 337.20 885 5.0% Increase
19 University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), United States of America (USA) 341.32 336.43 980 -5.0% Decrease
20 Columbia University in the City of New York (CU), United States of America (USA) 304.04 331.43 1022 5.1% Increase
21 Cornell University, United States of America (USA) 320.26 315.33 1003 -5.1% Decrease
22 Northwestern University (NU), United States of America (USA) 316.83 314.57 756 -4.3% Decrease
23 University of Pennsylvania (Penn), United States of America (USA) 300.76 304.80 860 -2.3% Decrease
24 National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 255.38 300.51 844 13.5% Increase
25 Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China 243.65 295.86 837 17.1% Increase
26 California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States of America (USA) 286.61 294.43 939 -1.0% Decrease
27 Johns Hopkins University (JHU), United States of America (USA) 287.53 293.15 964 -1.7% Decrease
28 Fudan University, China 271.62 291.42 802 3.4% Increase
29 Princeton University, United States of America (USA) 261.15 275.00 797 1.5% Increase
30 Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), China 259.26 269.08 715 0.1% Increase
31 University of Washington (UW), United States of America (USA) 304.07 268.67 1005 -14.8% Decrease
32 Kyoto University, Japan 252.15 267.45 696 2.3% Increase
33 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 268.84 260.31 630 -6.6% Decrease
34 The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), United States of America (USA) 222.51 259.46 790 12.4% Increase
35 Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 221.19 254.01 962 10.7% Increase
36 The University of Chicago (UChicago), United States of America (USA) 237.92 252.18 775 2.2% Increase
37 University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), United States of America (USA) 214.72 234.38 695 5.2% Increase
38 Nankai University (NKU), China 244.07 230.85 569 -8.8% Decrease
39 The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), United States of America (USA) 200.93 227.80 670 9.3% Increase
40 Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), United States of America (USA) 197.76 222.50 616 8.5% Increase
41 Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 231.61 221.92 570 -7.6% Decrease
42 Sichuan University (SCU), China 223.73 220.61 396 -4.9% Decrease
43 Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China 128.09 219.63 589 65.3% Increase
44 Duke University, United States of America (USA) 227.11 216.74 700 -8.0% Decrease
45 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States of America (USA) 230.78 216.58 620 -9.5% Decrease
46 University of Minnesota (UMN), United States of America (USA) 214.29 213.06 713 -4.1% Decrease
47 UCL, United Kingdom (UK) 216.41 211.16 916 -5.9% Decrease
48 Wuhan University (WHU), China 217.14 207.90 495 -7.7% Decrease
49 University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), United States of America (USA) 236.22 207.79 663 -15.2% Decrease
50 New York University (NYU), United States of America (USA) 192.48 200.40 636 0.4% Increase
51 Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea 168.33 198.82 552 13.9% Increase
52 Soochow University, China 229.36 197.10 423 -17.1% Decrease
53 University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), United States of America (USA) 200.63 196.14 578 -5.7% Decrease
54 Xiamen University (XMU), China 182.90 194.41 394 2.5% Increase
55 University of California, Davis (UC Davis), United States of America (USA) 164.45 191.16 586 12.1% Increase
56 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea 151.84 187.74 399 19.2% Increase
57 Osaka University, Japan 182.59 184.21 519 -2.7% Decrease
58 Jilin University (JLU), China 161.70 181.70 416 8.3% Increase
59 Texas A&M University (TAMU), United States of America (USA) 146.68 177.11 564 16.4% Increase
60 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), United States of America (USA) 168.23 174.87 564 0.2% Increase
61 Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Israel 153.37 174.21 430 9.5% Increase
62 Tianjin University (TJU), China 157.12 173.73 663 6.6% Increase
63 Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China 195.07 171.79 461 -15.1% Decrease
64 University of Colorado Boulder (CU-Boulder), United States of America (USA) 170.62 167.66 693 -5.3% Decrease
65 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany 184.12 163.04 648 -14.6% Decrease
66 Tohoku University, Japan 142.68 162.77 530 10.0% Increase
67 McGill University, Canada 160.54 162.26 586 -2.6% Decrease
68 Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany 154.86 161.63 631 0.6% Increase
69 The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia 116.62 161.24 525 33.3% Increase
70 Purdue University, United States of America (USA) 139.87 159.77 435 10.1% Increase
71 The Ohio State University (OSU), United States of America (USA) 157.24 159.10 612 -2.4% Decrease
72 University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), United States of America (USA) 145.87 158.68 563 4.9% Increase
73 University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark 151.43 158.63 664 1.0% Increase
74 University of California, Irvine (UCI), United States of America (USA) 142.81 156.38 482 5.6% Increase
75 University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia 133.61 155.50 545 12.2% Increase
76 University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP), United States of America (USA) 163.64 154.49 704 -9.0% Decrease
77 The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern Medical Center), United States of America (USA) 139.78 149.89 312 3.4% Increase
78 Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), United States of America (USA) 162.63 149.61 458 -11.3% Decrease
79 The University of Manchester (UoM), United Kingdom (UK) 146.03 148.33 569 -2.1% Decrease
80 Nagoya University, Japan 112.84 147.31 417 25.9% Increase
81 The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK) 150.74 143.50 656 -8.2% Decrease
82 University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland 136.43 143.13 652 1.1% Increase
83 Hunan University (HNU), China 144.25 140.66 295 -6.0% Decrease
84 University of Münster (WWU), Germany 109.32 139.91 362 23.4% Increase
85 East China Normal University (ECNU), China 116.93 139.08 326 14.7% Increase
86 Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany 138.80 138.84 626 -3.6% Decrease
87 University of Bristol (UoB), United Kingdom (UK) 134.55 137.02 469 -1.8% Decrease
88 Vanderbilt University (VU), United States of America (USA) 116.67 134.01 472 10.7% Increase
89 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany 122.57 133.41 431 4.9% Increase
90 Shandong University (SDU), China 118.24 133.20 517 8.6% Increase
91 Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan 149.51 133.02 383 -14.2% Decrease
92 The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada 143.98 132.72 497 -11.1% Decrease
93 University of Southern California (USC), United States of America (USA) 149.30 132.07 413 -14.7% Decrease
94 Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands 124.27 131.50 634 2.0% Increase
95 Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), China 109.47 131.46 302 15.8% Increase
96 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (RU), United States of America (USA) 135.15 131.24 521 -6.4% Decrease
97 The University of Utah (Utah), United States of America (USA) 126.92 130.57 357 -0.8% Decrease
98 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), China 120.74 128.04 380 2.2% Increase
99 Tongji University, China 110.20 127.42 434 11.5% Increase
100 Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI), Israel 116.95 127.28 301 4.9% Increase
101 Beijing Normal University (BNU), China 120.59 125.40 407 0.3% Increase
102 University of Würzburg (JMU), Germany 115.64 125.09 363 4.3% Increase
103 Monash University, Australia 131.75 124.31 540 -9.0% Decrease
104 Lanzhou University (LZU), China 115.86 124.30 297 3.4% Increase
105 South China University of Technology (SCUT), China 122.99 123.26 319 -3.4% Decrease
106 University of Florida (UF), United States of America (USA) 123.73 121.30 579 -5.5% Decrease
107 Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Israel 98.17 120.63 277 18.5% Increase
108 Arizona State University (ASU), United States of America (USA) 97.52 119.36 411 18.0% Increase
109 The University of Arizona (Arizona), United States of America (USA) 93.10 118.23 484 22.4% Increase
110 Emory University, United States of America (USA) 93.60 117.84 367 21.4% Increase
111 Uppsala University (UU), Sweden 93.13 117.05 493 21.2% Increase
112 University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland 114.79 115.99 388 -2.6% Decrease
113 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia 106.82 114.99 267 3.8% Increase
114 Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), China 119.49 114.00 313 -8.0% Decrease
115 Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium 108.96 112.35 401 -0.6% Decrease
116 Indiana University (IU), United States of America (USA) 112.03 112.32 440 -3.3% Decrease
117 Hokkaido University, Japan 109.33 112.31 289 -1.0% Decrease
118 Rice University, United States of America (USA) 113.63 112.12 403 -4.9% Decrease
119 Boston University (BU), United States of America (USA) 107.08 112.08 593 0.9% Increase
120 Kyushu University, Japan 100.48 111.50 340 7.0% Increase
121 The University of Melbourne (UniMelb), Australia 102.18 111.26 575 5.0% Increase
122 East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), China 117.35 107.96 196 -11.3% Decrease
123 University of Groningen (RUG), Netherlands 97.08 106.91 411 6.2% Increase
124 Sorbonne University, France 111.18 104.87 1113 -9.1% Decrease
125 University of Göttingen, Germany 101.35 103.94 376 -1.1% Decrease
126 University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany 90.57 103.91 310 10.6% Increase
127 University of California, Riverside (UCR), United States of America (USA) 113.20 102.73 320 -12.5% Decrease
128 Zhengzhou University (ZZU), China 80.19 101.89 418 22.5% Increase
129 University of Alberta (U of A), Canada 95.82 100.70 322 1.3% Increase
130 Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), Germany 102.65 99.57 588 -6.5% Decrease
131 National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan 72.65 99.21 366 31.7% Increase
132 University of Basel (UB), Switzerland 104.80 98.28 328 -9.6% Decrease
133 RWTH Aachen University (RWTH Aachen), Germany 102.31 97.84 401 -7.8% Decrease
134 Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden 83.10 95.86 421 11.2% Increase
135 Yonsei University, South Korea 88.08 95.81 317 4.9% Increase
136 TU Dresden, Germany 92.05 94.45 444 -1.1% Decrease
137 The University of Hong Kong (HKU), China 89.85 94.32 415 1.2% Increase
138 University of Virginia (UVA), United States of America (USA) 87.08 94.29 383 4.4% Increase
139 City University of Hong Kong (CityU), China 67.21 93.52 315 34.2% Increase
140 Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), China 108.53 93.02 184 -17.4% Decrease
141 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), China 90.90 92.49 380 -1.9% Decrease
142 Dalian University of Technology (DUT), China 105.78 92.42 202 -15.8% Decrease
143 Stockholm University, Sweden 82.46 91.67 497 7.2% Increase
144 Aarhus University (AU), Denmark 91.37 91.10 303 -3.9% Decrease
145 Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea 82.33 90.92 262 6.5% Increase
146 Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel 108.21 90.86 318 -19.0% Decrease
147 Brown University, United States of America (USA) 86.91 90.49 305 0.4% Increase
148 Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), South Korea 84.80 90.19 221 2.5% Increase
149 State University of New York at Stony Brook (SUNY Stony Brook), United States of America (USA) 78.79 90.01 425 10.1% Increase
150 Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands 80.84 89.81 266 7.1% Increase
151 Central South University (CSU), China 87.64 88.89 274 -2.2% Decrease
152 Australian National University (ANU), Australia 104.86 88.75 332 -18.4% Decrease
153 University of Paris-Saclay, France 92.63 88.40 787 -8.0% Decrease
154 University of Tübingen (Uni Tübingen), Germany 85.02 88.06 367 -0.1% Decrease
155 University of Freiburg (Uni Freiburg), Germany 105.20 87.46 295 -19.8% Decrease
156 Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), United States of America (USA) 82.72 87.30 357 1.8% Increase
157 Michigan State University (MSU), United States of America (USA) 71.58 86.86 443 17.0% Increase
158 Leiden University, Netherlands 82.57 86.62 362 1.1% Increase
159 King's College London (KCL), United Kingdom (UK) 75.68 86.20 416 9.8% Increase
160 Lund University (LU), Sweden 77.27 85.86 373 7.1% Increase
161 Shenzhen University (SZU), China 79.06 85.36 269 4.1% Increase
162 Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), China 86.39 84.94 210 -5.2% Decrease
163 North Carolina State University (NCSU), United States of America (USA) 88.16 84.77 281 -7.3% Decrease
164 Southeast University (SEU), China 81.26 83.88 210 -0.5% Decrease
165 The Rockefeller University, United States of America (USA) 93.83 83.82 243 -13.9% Decrease
166 University of Leeds, United Kingdom (UK) 72.41 82.93 297 10.4% Increase
167 University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst), United States of America (USA) 78.96 82.56 293 0.8% Increase
168 University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), United States of America (USA) 65.37 82.49 300 21.7% Increase
169 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), United States of America (USA) 65.36 81.96 229 20.9% Increase
170 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), MSHS, United States of America (USA) 62.41 81.88 374 26.5% Increase
171 Durham University, United Kingdom (UK) 85.01 81.03 268 -8.1% Decrease
172 Ghent University (UGent), Belgium 75.76 80.63 320 2.6% Increase
173 Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark 71.21 79.97 283 8.3% Increase
174 University of Hamburg (UHH), Germany 91.88 79.71 437 -16.4% Decrease
175 Colorado State University, United States of America (USA) 95.46 79.17 263 -20.0% Decrease
176 University of Rochester (UR), United States of America (USA) 72.67 78.82 268 4.6% Increase
177 Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), China 87.23 78.79 192 -12.9% Decrease
178 University of Barcelona (UB), Spain 68.37 77.66 416 9.5% Increase
179 Jinan University (JNU), China 66.74 77.38 200 11.8% Increase
180 China University of Geosciences (CUG), China 65.43 76.81 218 13.2% Increase
181 Southwest University (SWU), China 78.21 76.68 121 -5.5% Decrease
182 University of Southampton (Soton), United Kingdom (UK) 76.01 76.66 338 -2.8% Decrease
183 Université PSL, France 90.18 76.62 833 -18.1% Decrease
184 Indian Institute of Science (IISc), India 84.82 76.59 192 -12.9% Decrease
185 Beihang University (BUAA), China 90.07 76.54 352 -18.1% Decrease
186 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Germany 84.51 76.24 363 -13.0% Decrease
187 University of Vienna, Austria 86.40 76.22 303 -14.9% Decrease
188 University of Amsterdam (UvA), Netherlands 89.28 76.18 584 -17.7% Decrease
189 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America (USA) 74.20 76.16 329 -1.0% Decrease
190 Radboud University Nijmegen (RU), Netherlands 74.16 75.33 498 -2.1% Decrease
191 University of Oslo (UiO), Norway 77.55 75.30 352 -6.4% Decrease
192 The University of Sydney (USYD), Australia 79.82 75.29 377 -9.1% Decrease
193 University of Bern (UniBE), Switzerland 62.85 75.28 340 15.5% Increase
194 Goethe University Frankfurt (GU), Germany 83.98 75.26 291 -13.6% Decrease
195 Iowa State University, United States of America (USA) 64.38 74.60 278 11.7% Increase
196 Korea University, South Korea 65.29 74.56 316 10.1% Increase
197 The University of Warwick (Warwick), United Kingdom (UK) 73.57 74.31 334 -2.6% Decrease
198 Chongqing University (CQU), China 59.24 74.09 171 20.6% Increase
199 Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), South Korea 86.95 73.33 280 -18.7% Decrease
200 University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), United States of America (USA) 64.32 73.23 380 9.8% Increase
201 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (UK) 86.04 72.96 407 -18.2% Decrease
202 Paris Cité University, France 64.45 72.74 862 8.8% Increase
203 Shandong Normal University (SDNU), China 66.98 72.58 141 4.5% Increase
204 Florida State University (FSU), United States of America (USA) 63.13 72.14 395 10.2% Increase
205 University of Waterloo, Canada 70.86 71.42 185 -2.8% Decrease
206 University of Cincinnati (UC), United States of America (USA) 65.33 70.96 250 4.7% Increase
207 Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain 74.08 70.67 417 -8.0% Decrease
208 ShanghaiTech University, China 52.99 70.26 280 27.9% Increase
209 University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland 64.87 70.18 242 4.3% Increase
210 University of Regensburg (UR), Germany 79.91 69.98 174 -15.6% Decrease
211 Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), United States of America (USA) 73.63 68.89 267 -9.8% Decrease
212 Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin), Germany 59.06 68.42 568 11.7% Increase
213 Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), United Kingdom (UK) 55.96 68.42 303 17.9% Increase
214 University of Bonn (Uni Bonn), Germany 72.19 68.34 332 -8.7% Decrease
215 University of Oregon (UO), United States of America (USA) 63.50 66.57 194 1.1% Increase
216 The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (UK) 79.55 66.23 270 -19.7% Decrease
217 University of Cologne (UoC), Germany 71.75 65.86 268 -11.5% Decrease
218 University of Connecticut (UConn), United States of America (USA) 60.45 65.83 216 5.0% Increase
219 Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Netherlands 68.24 65.48 158 -7.5% Decrease
220 University of Helsinki, Finland 64.78 64.71 406 -3.7% Decrease
221 Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers), Sweden 45.50 64.70 200 37.1% Increase
222 University of Lyon, France 63.62 64.64 460 -2.0% Decrease
223 University of Delaware (UD), United States of America (USA) 51.87 64.15 177 19.2% Increase
224 University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China 63.92 64.11 167 -3.3% Decrease
225 The University of Nottingham (UoN), United Kingdom (UK) 52.77 63.62 233 16.2% Increase
226 Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany 56.42 63.47 210 8.5% Increase
227 University of Calgary (U of C), Canada 61.07 63.47 181 0.2% Increase
228 The University of Iowa (UI), United States of America (USA) 74.92 62.90 314 -19.1% Decrease
229 Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), United States of America (USA) 66.10 62.76 211 -8.5% Decrease
230 University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK) 60.96 62.04 243 -1.9% Decrease
231 The University of Georgia (UGA), United States of America (USA) 44.02 61.84 188 35.4% Increase
232 University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (UK) 62.18 61.50 363 -4.6% Decrease
233 University of Houston (UH), United States of America (USA) 58.19 60.95 219 1.0% Increase
234 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain 50.68 60.61 302 15.3% Increase
235 KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden 65.56 60.36 411 -11.2% Decrease
236 Fuzhou University (FZU), China 90.26 60.23 122 -35.7% Decrease
237 University of Birmingham (UB), United Kingdom (UK) 63.52 59.90 341 -9.1% Decrease
238 University of Notre Dame (ND), United States of America (USA) 52.61 59.83 224 9.6% Increase
239 Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), China 54.46 59.74 119 5.8% Increase
240 The City University of New York (CUNY), United States of America (USA) 51.76 59.09 204 10.1% Increase
241 Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Germany 58.63 58.63 212 -3.6% Decrease
242 Zhejiang University of Technology (ZJUT), China 49.36 58.24 134 13.7% Increase
243 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), China 41.77 58.09 223 34.1% Increase
244 Northwest University (NWU), China 54.94 57.71 128 1.3% Increase
245 Shanghai University (SHU), China 60.39 57.63 140 -8.0% Decrease
246 Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), India 59.03 57.59 206 -5.9% Decrease
247 University of Ottawa (uOttawa), Canada 57.70 57.05 182 -4.7% Decrease
248 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), China 53.03 56.76 202 3.2% Increase
249 University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil 51.25 56.51 293 6.3% Increase
250 University of Montreal (UdeM), Canada 56.50 56.03 319 -4.4% Decrease
251 University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY UB), United States of America (USA) 49.31 55.03 154 7.6% Increase
252 University of Valencia (UV), Spain 54.20 54.99 323 -2.2% Decrease
253 Tufts University, United States of America (USA) 43.80 54.46 249 19.9% Increase
254 University of Hawai'i at Manoa (UH Mānoa), United States of America (USA) 48.65 54.38 355 7.8% Increase
255 The University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK), United States of America (USA) 48.08 54.22 301 8.7% Increase
256 University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMass Chan Medical School), United States of America (USA) 63.57 54.16 227 -17.9% Decrease
257 University of Strasbourg, France 58.25 53.98 407 -10.7% Decrease
258 Washington State University (WSU), United States of America (USA) 35.78 53.15 178 43.2% Increase
259 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), China 46.03 52.35 154 9.7% Increase
260 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), India 50.41 52.05 124 -0.5% Decrease
261 Oregon State University, United States of America (USA) 50.01 51.11 190 -1.5% Decrease
262 Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Netherlands 44.56 50.88 201 10.1% Increase
263 Philipps University of Marburg (Uni Marburg), Germany 57.49 50.77 143 -14.9% Decrease
264 University of Tsukuba, Japan 54.92 50.62 239 -11.1% Decrease
265 University of Miami (UM), United States of America (USA) 55.54 49.98 178 -13.2% Decrease
266 Keio University, Japan 43.61 49.75 143 10.0% Increase
267 University of St Andrews, United Kingdom (UK) 55.87 49.26 198 -15.0% Decrease
268 Henan University (HENU), China 45.95 49.21 127 3.2% Increase
269 Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), United States of America (USA) 51.98 49.18 171 -8.8% Decrease
270 The University of Dublin, Ireland 41.90 49.17 174 13.1% Increase
271 VU Amsterdam, Netherlands 44.80 49.16 456 5.8% Increase
272 Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), China 32.02 48.84 181 47.0% Increase
273 University of Gothenburg (GU), Sweden 39.30 48.76 208 19.6% Increase
274 Grenoble Alpes University (UGA), France 61.19 48.74 542 -23.2% Decrease
275 Central China Normal University (CCNU), China 58.03 48.31 158 -19.7% Decrease
276 Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Russia 43.74 48.06 337 5.9% Increase
277 National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico 47.24 47.99 205 -2.1% Decrease
278 University of Toulouse, France 51.32 47.95 395 -9.9% Decrease
279 Northeast Normal University (NENU), China 48.85 47.93 90 -5.4% Decrease
280 University of Kiel (CAU), Germany 42.31 47.65 195 8.6% Increase
281 Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria 46.19 47.10 206 -1.7% Decrease
282 Donghua University (DHU), China 42.70 46.96 106 6.0% Increase
283 Dartmouth College, United States of America (USA) 53.86 46.91 167 -16.0% Decrease
284 Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Germany 41.28 46.87 234 9.5% Increase
285 National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Taiwan 49.71 46.82 193 -9.2% Decrease
286 University of Konstanz, Germany 52.51 46.70 108 -14.3% Decrease
287 University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy 46.18 46.65 353 -2.6% Decrease
288 Cardiff University, United Kingdom (UK) 49.24 46.64 192 -8.7% Decrease
289 Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), China 25.03 46.44 128 78.9% Increase
290 University of Montpellier, France 43.83 46.16 394 1.5% Increase
291 University of Bayreuth (UBT), Germany 39.92 46.13 119 11.4% Increase
292 Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NUST), China 41.84 45.98 107 5.9% Increase
293 China Agricultural University (CAU), China 42.88 45.27 114 1.8% Increase
294 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel 60.92 45.11 146 -28.6% Decrease
295 University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU Anschutz), United States of America (USA) 55.42 45.01 165 -21.7% Decrease
296 Leibniz University Hannover (LUH), Germany 33.59 44.50 120 27.7% Increase
297 The University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas), United States of America (USA) 39.24 44.21 159 8.6% Increase
298 Newcastle University, United Kingdom (UK) 53.70 44.09 199 -20.8% Decrease
299 The University of Western Australia (UWA), Australia 51.78 43.87 246 -18.3% Decrease
300 Nanjing Normal University (NNU), China 55.08 43.79 151 -23.4% Decrease
301 Anhui University (AHU), China 27.04 43.59 116 55.5% Increase
302 Wuhan University of Technology (WUT), China 41.52 43.59 101 1.2% Increase
303 Aix-Marseille University (AMU), France 42.62 43.55 419 -1.5% Decrease
304 Western University (UWO), Canada 53.02 43.29 121 -21.3% Decrease
305 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway 40.77 43.23 171 2.2% Increase
306 Hanyang University (HYU), South Korea 53.23 43.03 187 -22.1% Decrease
307 The University of Kansas (KU), United States of America (USA) 36.29 43.01 214 14.3% Increase
308 Charles University (CU), Czech Republic 35.26 42.85 300 17.2% Increase
309 Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium 34.84 42.63 193 18.0% Increase
310 University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Portugal 41.02 42.15 240 -0.9% Decrease
311 South China Normal University (SCNU), China 49.82 41.92 159 -18.9% Decrease
312 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Japan 25.66 41.79 107 57.0% Increase
313 University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), United States of America (USA) 47.29 41.75 195 -14.9% Decrease
314 University of South Florida (USF), United States of America (USA) 40.91 41.74 155 -1.6% Decrease
315 Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain 31.72 41.55 221 26.3% Increase
316 The University of Adelaide (Adelaide Uni), Australia 39.90 41.44 238 0.1% Increase
317 Northeastern University (NEU), United States of America (USA) 51.24 41.43 204 -22.0% Decrease
318 The University of Oklahoma (OU), United States of America (USA) 43.90 41.30 233 -9.3% Decrease
319 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER Kolkata), India 35.05 41.05 62 12.9% Increase
320 McMaster University, Canada 44.57 40.62 112 -12.1% Decrease
321 Nanchang University (NCU), China 40.74 40.58 94 -4.0% Decrease
322 Shanxi University (SXU), China 28.72 40.48 155 35.9% Increase
323 China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), China 45.65 40.31 72 -14.9% Decrease
324 National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taiwan 34.84 40.21 131 11.3% Increase
325 Yangzhou University (YZU), China 37.65 40.18 97 2.9% Increase
326 University of Warsaw (UW), Poland 43.00 39.94 202 -10.4% Decrease
327 Jiangnan University, China 36.18 39.67 78 5.7% Increase
328 Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU), Germany 28.57 38.96 152 31.5% Increase
329 University of Missouri (Mizzou), United States of America (USA) 32.03 38.72 145 16.6% Increase
330 University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Germany 33.10 38.65 140 12.6% Increase
331 University of Florence (UNIFI), Italy 24.94 38.16 233 47.5% Increase
332 Brandeis University, United States of America (USA) 37.24 38.14 126 -1.3% Decrease
333 Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Einstein), United States of America (USA) 42.91 37.67 140 -15.4% Decrease
334 Aalto University, Finland 38.39 37.62 232 -5.5% Decrease
335 University of Stuttgart, Germany 37.45 37.49 129 -3.5% Decrease
336 Jagiellonian University (UJ), Poland 27.28 37.39 167 32.2% Increase
337 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), China 26.71 37.30 165 34.6% Increase
338 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), India 21.14 37.28 59 70.0% Increase
339 University of Bordeaux, France 36.09 36.84 279 -1.6% Decrease
340 Linköping University (LiU), Sweden 39.69 36.78 113 -10.7% Decrease
341 The University of New Mexico (UNM), United States of America (USA) 31.39 36.75 187 12.9% Increase
342 Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), China 42.74 36.56 79 -17.5% Decrease
343 Louisiana State University (LSU), United States of America (USA) 45.74 36.50 158 -23.1% Decrease
344 University of York, United Kingdom (UK) 40.72 36.49 175 -13.6% Decrease
345 University of Bath, United Kingdom (UK) 31.13 36.28 125 12.4% Increase
346 University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain 35.99 36.21 178 -3.0% Decrease
347 University of Wollongong (UOW), Australia 42.14 36.14 144 -17.3% Decrease
348 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium 32.39 35.98 213 7.1% Increase
349 Northwest A&F University (NWAFU), China 24.97 35.91 72 38.7% Increase
350 Northeastern University (NEU), China 25.67 35.80 70 34.4% Increase
351 Kanazawa University (KU), Japan 32.75 35.63 101 4.9% Increase
352 Ocean University of China (OUC), China 28.90 35.57 203 18.7% Increase
353 University of Kentucky (UK), United States of America (USA) 43.65 35.50 134 -21.6% Decrease
354 Curtin University, Australia 35.89 35.27 159 -5.3% Decrease
355 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 50.30 35.20 332 -32.5% Decrease
356 Okayama University, Japan 41.25 35.01 120 -18.2% Decrease
357 Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Austria 22.70 34.76 82 47.7% Increase
358 University of Bremen (Uni Bremen), Germany 27.59 34.36 129 20.1% Increase
359 Leipzig University, Germany 33.07 34.17 183 -0.4% Decrease
360 Ulm University, Germany 37.67 34.17 152 -12.5% Decrease
361 Anhui Normal University (AHNU), China 17.54 33.56 60 84.5% Increase
362 Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), India 30.47 33.36 68 5.5% Increase
363 Henan Normal University, China 48.80 33.30 91 -34.2% Decrease
364 University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), United States of America (USA) 28.86 33.14 115 10.7% Increase
365 Clemson University, United States of America (USA) 23.24 33.01 78 37.0% Increase
366 The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States of America (USA) 29.22 32.80 175 8.3% Increase
367 Hiroshima University (HU), Japan 34.53 32.61 121 -8.9% Decrease
368 Ningbo University (NBU), China 17.39 32.53 83 80.4% Increase
369 University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy 21.99 32.45 264 42.3% Increase
370 University of Innsbruck (LFU), Austria 37.23 32.41 147 -16.1% Decrease
371 Kobe University, Japan 21.32 32.28 145 46.0% Increase
372 University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia 21.31 32.15 105 45.5% Increase
373 University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy 32.67 32.00 305 -5.6% Decrease
374 Hunan Normal University (HUNNU), China 25.40 31.87 87 21.0% Increase
375 The University of Auckland, New Zealand 29.12 31.76 189 5.2% Increase
376 University of Twente (UTwente), Netherlands 27.78 31.53 92 9.4% Increase
377 Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), South Korea 27.81 31.41 72 8.9% Increase
378 Yunnan University (YNU), China 24.19 31.20 78 24.4% Increase
379 Waseda University, Japan 25.63 31.08 105 16.9% Increase
380 University of Antwerp (UA), Belgium 31.88 31.08 182 -6.0% Decrease
381 Bar-Ilan University (BIU), Israel 38.66 30.78 94 -23.2% Decrease
382 University of Victoria (UVic), Canada 25.35 30.72 160 16.8% Increase
383 Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Germany 30.30 30.64 131 -2.5% Decrease
384 Tianjin University of Technology (TJUT), China 20.87 30.57 62 41.2% Increase
385 TU Dortmund University, Germany 35.12 30.50 157 -16.2% Decrease
386 Kyung Hee University (KHU), South Korea 24.17 30.41 158 21.3% Increase
387 Beijing University of Technology (BJUT), China 32.83 30.41 114 -10.7% Decrease
388 Lancaster University, United Kingdom (UK) 27.19 30.30 173 7.4% Increase
389 Hefei University of Technology (HFUT), China 34.69 30.10 67 -16.3% Decrease
390 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), India 25.56 30.04 101 13.3% Increase
391 University of Central Florida (UCF), United States of America (USA) 30.36 29.90 73 -5.0% Decrease
392 Osaka Metropolitan University (OMU), Japan 31.33 29.61 102 -8.9% Decrease
393 Boston College (BC), United States of America (USA) 42.07 29.28 79 -32.9% Decrease
394 University of Sussex, United Kingdom (UK) 23.99 29.22 129 17.4% Increase
395 University of Bergen (UIB), Norway 33.84 29.21 246 -16.8% Decrease
396 Chiba University, Japan 21.27 29.10 106 31.9% Increase
397 Laval University (UL), Canada 33.57 29.09 141 -16.5% Decrease
398 University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Italy 34.74 29.07 218 -19.3% Decrease
399 Queen's University, Canada 23.21 29.06 95 20.8% Increase
400 Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), China 27.14 28.78 81 2.2% Increase
401 Macquarie University, Australia 29.37 28.75 141 -5.6% Decrease
402 Wenzhou University (WZU), China 14.29 28.38 65 91.6% Increase
403 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Australia 24.16 28.26 104 12.8% Increase
404 The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), United States of America (USA) 34.97 28.25 144 -22.1% Decrease
405 Tulane University, United States of America (USA) 21.34 28.22 87 27.5% Increase
406 Temple University, United States of America (USA) 41.62 28.21 109 -34.7% Decrease
407 Wayne State University, United States of America (USA) 24.74 28.16 156 9.7% Increase
408 Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT Guwahati), India 34.48 28.11 48 -21.4% Decrease
409 Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia 25.10 28.10 125 7.9% Increase
410 Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), United States of America (USA) 24.14 28.08 80 12.1% Increase
411 Hebei University (HBU), China 16.82 27.97 62 60.4% Increase
412 Southern Medical University (SMU), China 21.16 27.93 103 27.3% Increase
413 University of Otago, New Zealand 32.88 27.92 139 -18.1% Decrease
414 Bielefeld University, Germany 20.06 27.89 66 34.1% Increase
415 University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy 26.35 27.57 275 0.9% Increase
416 West Virginia University (WVU), United States of America (USA) 22.64 27.32 86 16.4% Increase
417 Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), India 42.62 27.06 133 -38.8% Decrease
418 Saarland University (Saar-Uni), Germany 28.02 27.03 95 -7.0% Decrease
419 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Germany 24.15 26.81 136 7.0% Increase
420 University of South Carolina - Columbia (SC), United States of America (USA) 51.00 26.74 82 -49.5% Decrease
421 Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada 26.40 26.63 134 -2.8% Decrease
422 Qingdao University (QU), China 30.20 26.52 79 -15.3% Decrease
423 Queen's University Belfast (QUB), United Kingdom (UK) 27.31 26.30 104 -7.1% Decrease
424 Hubei University (HUBU), China 15.99 26.24 61 58.2% Increase
425 University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), United States of America (USA) 23.00 26.23 78 9.9% Increase
426 University of Jinan (UJN), China 44.96 26.20 62 -43.8% Decrease
427 Giessen University (JLU), Germany 28.17 26.08 178 -10.7% Decrease
428 Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Netherlands 22.94 26.03 163 9.4% Increase
429 National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA), France 26.89 25.80 258 -7.5% Decrease
430 University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (UK) 22.48 25.74 101 10.4% Increase
431 Jiangsu Normal University (JSNU), China 25.70 25.67 51 -3.7% Decrease
432 University of Potsdam, Germany 28.35 25.51 154 -13.2% Decrease
433 Drexel University, United States of America (USA) 33.07 25.46 106 -25.8% Decrease
434 Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), China 20.94 25.37 101 16.8% Increase
435 Pusan National University (PNU), South Korea 21.74 25.30 101 12.2% Increase
436 Syracuse University, United States of America (USA) 17.33 25.25 104 40.5% Increase
437 Changzhou University (CZU), China 34.60 25.17 46 -29.9% Decrease
438 China University of Geosciences, Beijing (CUGB), China 29.87 25.06 69 -19.1% Decrease
439 Nanjing Medical University (NJMU), China 22.03 25.01 103 9.4% Increase
440 Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), China 38.15 24.97 72 -36.9% Decrease
441 Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Spain 26.09 24.91 259 -7.9% Decrease
442 Umeå University (UMU), Sweden 22.78 24.78 126 4.9% Increase
443 University of Jyväskylä, Finland 19.30 24.56 188 22.7% Increase
444 University of Oldenburg, Germany 11.71 24.55 64 102.0% Increase
445 University of Oviedo (UniOvi), Spain 20.40 24.54 163 16.0% Increase
446 China University of Petroleum, East China (CUP East China), China 17.11 24.45 51 37.8% Increase
447 National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan 19.43 24.01 83 19.1% Increase
448 Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Russia 27.26 23.82 102 -15.7% Decrease
449 Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Italy 29.44 23.77 96 -22.2% Decrease
450 University of Pisa (UNIPI), Italy 20.21 23.73 250 13.2% Increase
451 University of Leicester, United Kingdom (UK) 21.17 23.72 113 8.1% Increase
452 University of Turin (UNITO), Italy 21.92 23.33 251 2.6% Increase
453 Guangzhou University (GU), China 14.02 23.22 68 59.7% Increase
454 University of Saskatchewan (U of S), Canada 20.13 23.18 106 11.0% Increase
455 Ewha Womans University (Ewha), South Korea 27.15 23.13 80 -17.8% Decrease
456 University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina 15.80 23.07 139 40.8% Increase
457 University of Liège (ULg), Belgium 23.22 23.03 104 -4.4% Decrease
458 Dalhousie University, Canada 28.10 23.02 100 -21.0% Decrease
459 Griffith University, Australia 23.70 23.00 85 -6.4% Decrease
460 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), India 23.76 22.80 36 -7.5% Decrease
461 Texas Tech University (TTU), United States of America (USA) 16.91 22.63 147 29.1% Increase
462 Army Medical University, China 21.13 22.63 60 3.2% Increase
463 University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Denmark 20.98 22.49 123 3.3% Increase
464 Swansea University, United Kingdom (UK) 18.16 22.46 84 19.2% Increase
465 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), United States of America (USA) 23.30 22.46 69 -7.1% Decrease
466 Hohai University (HHU), China 10.06 22.33 59 114.0% Increase
467 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology - State University (MIPT), Russia 15.51 22.19 196 37.9% Increase
468 Chung-Ang University (CAU), South Korea 20.88 22.13 56 2.2% Increase
469 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Russia 14.40 22.09 98 47.9% Increase
470 Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan 10.63 22.04 68 99.9% Increase
471 University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), United States of America (USA) 17.48 21.95 66 21.0% Increase
472 University of East Anglia (UEA), United Kingdom (UK) 24.58 21.91 108 -14.0% Decrease
473 Guangzhou Medical University (GMU), China 16.06 21.88 104 31.3% Increase
474 The George Washington University (GW), United States of America (USA) 18.10 21.87 97 16.5% Increase
475 Colorado School of Mines, United States of America (USA) 13.79 21.86 82 52.8% Increase
476 University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland 14.42 21.84 176 46.0% Increase
477 Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Japan 24.32 21.79 68 -13.6% Decrease
478 Auburn University, United States of America (USA) 26.49 21.72 88 -20.9% Decrease
479 Masaryk University (MU), Czech Republic 19.26 21.64 118 8.3% Increase
480 University of Fribourg (UNIFR), Switzerland 31.07 21.54 95 -33.2% Decrease
481 Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (ZSTU), China 15.50 21.40 46 33.1% Increase
482 University of Iceland, Iceland 15.84 21.21 87 29.1% Increase
483 University of Dundee, United Kingdom (UK) 25.30 21.20 100 -19.2% Decrease
484 University of Tasmania (UTAS), Australia 18.08 21.16 124 12.8% Increase
485 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health San Antonio), United States of America (USA) 16.66 21.13 69 22.3% Increase
486 Jiangxi Normal University (JXNU), China 18.64 21.12 53 9.2% Increase
487 ITMO National Research University (ITMO University), Russia 15.51 21.10 63 31.2% Increase
488 University of Granada (UGR), Spain 22.59 21.09 137 -10.0% Decrease
489 The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), United States of America (USA) 22.95 21.01 65 -11.7% Decrease
490 Huaqiao University (HQU), China 25.08 20.91 35 -19.6% Decrease
491 University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 20.27 20.78 134 -1.1% Decrease
492 University of Lorraine (UL), France 16.28 20.76 126 22.9% Increase
493 Hangzhou Normal University (HZNU), China 25.20 20.70 73 -20.8% Decrease
494 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), India 22.85 20.55 29 -13.3% Decrease
495 Capital Normal University (CNU), China 25.80 20.27 51 -24.3% Decrease
496 University of Reading, United Kingdom (UK) 29.83 20.23 95 -34.6% Decrease
497 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden 20.38 20.08 103 -5.0% Decrease
498 Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Austria 24.50 19.99 151 -21.3% Decrease
499 Utah State University (USU), United States of America (USA) 17.36 19.95 92 10.8% Increase
500 Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy 20.27 19.95 97 -5.1% Decrease

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences and health sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 145 natural-science and health-science journals. The journals were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields. The list is reviewed periodically and journals may be removed or added. Articles from eLife were no longer included in the Nature Index from 2023 after the journal changed its publishing model.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
  5. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen research leaders.