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de Vries et al. map civic opportunity across America, demonstrating that it is highly correlated with pro-social community behaviours, but is unequally distributed, and underrepresented in public dialogue—suggesting it may warrant greater attention.
Findings from an umbrella review of more than 100 meta-analyses suggest that screen time can have both positive and negative associations with educational and health outcomes for youth, but effect sizes are small.
A three-wave survey conducted before and after a major leaked and official ruling by the US Supreme Court shows that the ruling shifted views on abortion legality, had a contrasting effect on norm perceptions and polarized perceptions of the Court’s legitimacy and support for reform.
The authors conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis on anxiety disorders and identified new risk loci, as well as variants and genes that may be causal. This provides insights into the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders and potential therapeutic targets.
Four labs discovered and replicated 16 novel findings with practices such as preregistration, large sample sizes and replication fidelity. Their findings suggest that with best practices, high replicability is achievable.
Coventry et al. show that spatial demonstratives—such as ‘this’ and ‘that’ in English—are selected on the basis of whether the speaker is able to reach the object or not, across 29 diverse languages.
Combining neuroimaging, physiological and behavioural methods, Meissner et al. show that humans can self-regulate the brain’s arousal levels via a biofeedback approach that is based on measurements of the eye’s pupil.
Growth stunting is associated with poor long-term outcomes. Here Wijeakumar et al. show that, as early as infancy, stunting impairs visual working memory performance, suggesting a possible neurocognitive mechanism underlying this relationship.
The authors use a computational model of word recognition to show that adults’ interpretation of young children’s speech depends heavily on beliefs about what children are likely to say.
A genome-wide association study of cerebral ventricle phenotypes finds 62 unique loci and reveals a genetic overlap between ventricular and neuropsychiatric traits.
Hardy and co-authors present a resampling strategy in social networks that is effective at reducing bias amplification while maintaining the benefits of information sharing.
Tu et al. show that the medial-dorsal thalamic nucleus and its connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex preferentially encode pain in humans and rats.
Using data on violence-related injuries in more than 3,500 excavated skeletons, Baten et al. reconstruct violence trends in the ancient Middle East from 12,000 to 400 bce, expanding the early history of conflict.
Fjell et al. analysed multiple large-scale longitudinal MRI datasets and found no evidence for an association of sleep duration and brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep.
Kutter et al. show that neurons in the human brain encode small numbers (up to 4) more precisely than large numbers, indicating a distinction between a small-number subitizing system and a large-number estimation system.
The authors find that psychological responses towards representations of robots fall into three dimensions: positive, negative and competence. They also examine their individual difference predictors.
By examining patterns in public-facing communications of US politicians, the authors identify two honesty-related concepts: belief speaking and fact speaking. They find that for Republicans, but not Democrats, an increase of belief speaking is associated with a decrease in the quality of the shared content sources.