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Neuroectodermal cells produced via the direct reprogramming of human astrocytes can be induced to form spinal-cord organoids with functional neurons specific to the dorsal and ventral domains.
Transmembrane water-efflux rate is a sensitive biomarker of the expression of aquaporin-4, and can be measured via conventional dynamic-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, as shown in animals and in patients with gliomas.
Graph deep learning applied to multiplexed immunofluorescence data from tumour microenvironments reveals spatial cellular structures that are indicative of cancer prognosis.
A graph neural network that leverages spatial protein profiles in tissue specimens to model tumour microenvironments as local subgraphs captures distinctive cellular interactions associated with differential clinical outcomes.
Genetically grafting macrocyclic peptides into the structural loops of fragment crystallizable regions can make them surrogate receptor agonists with longer half-lives in circulation and enhanced penetration of the blood–brain barrier.
Off-the-shelf microphones and earbud components connected to a smartphone can be as effective as an expensive clinical-grade device at measuring otoacoustic emissions to screen for hearing loss.
A low-cost probe for otoacoustic emissions made from off-the-shelf earbuds and microphones performs similarly to a clinical-grade device, as shown via a clinical study involving 201 paediatric ears screened for hearing loss.
A hydrogel-based metamaterial undergoing shape and optical changes amplified in response to antibody-mediated biorecognition can be used to molecularly profile extracellular vesicles in ascites fluid from patients with cancer.
A tomographic method for the location of photon pairs originating from the annihilation of positron–electron pairs produced by high-energy X-rays in tissue could allow for the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing.
Closed-loop optogenetic stimulation with excitatory opsins enables the precise manipulation of neural dynamics in brain slices from transgenic mice and in anaesthetized non-human primates.
Radionuclide brachytherapy delivered via an injectable biopolymer depot conjugated with iodine-131 and combined with systemically delivered paclitaxel induced the complete regression of multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumours in mice.
Collagen-binding peptides identified via phage display can be used to enhance the homing of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoarthritic tissue, its lubrication by hyaluronic acid and its visualization via magnetic resonance imaging.
An antibiotic identified via molecular-docking simulations and screening, and loaded into a bone-cement matrix, performs better than currently used antibiotic-loaded bone cements in the treatment of staphylococcal bone infections in rats.
Developing gene therapy for use in the central nervous system has been hampered by the lack of an efficient vector for gene delivery. We report an adeno-associated virus vector with an enhanced ability to cross the blood–brain barrier in both rodents and non-human primates, and use it to develop systemic anti-tumour gene therapies for glioblastoma.
Two variants of the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 engineered to display specific cell-penetrating peptides on the capsid show enhanced transduction of cells of the central nervous system in small and large animals.