Immunopathogenesis articles within Nature Reviews Nephrology

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  • Review Article |

    Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by aberrant B cell and T cell reactivity to normal host constituents. This Review provides an overview of the basis of autoimmune disease with a focus on autoantibodies, given their valuable role as markers for diagnosis, classification and of disease activity.

    • David S. Pisetsky

  • Review Article |

    The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway not only is involved in host defence against infection but can lead to immune dysregulation. Here, the authors examine the biology and biochemistry of cGAS–STING and discuss its role in disease and potential approaches to therapeutic targeting.

    • Sladjana Skopelja-Gardner
    • , Jie An
    •  & Keith B. Elkon

  • Review Article |

    Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation contributes to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, the authors discuss the mechanisms by which innate immune pathways might contribute to DKD as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways.

    • Sydney C. W. Tang
    •  & Wai Han Yiu

  • Review Article |

    This Review presents our current understanding of C3 glomerulopathy. Smith et al. discuss the histopathological diagnosis and the crucial pathogenic role of complement dysregulation. Genetic and acquired drivers of C3 glomerulopathy, potential biomarkers and available treatments are highlighted.

    • Richard J. H. Smith
    • , Gerald B. Appel
    •  & Carla M. Nester

  • Review Article |

    Autoimmune diseases and kidney transplantation can result in immune-mediated kidney pathology. In this Review, the authors discuss the roles of effector and regulatory B cells and the efficacy of B cell-targeting therapies in these settings.

    • Kristine Oleinika
    • , Claudia Mauri
    •  & Alan D. Salama

  • Research Highlight |

    • Joanna Collison

  • Review Article |

    Sepsis induces an initial activation of the immune system, which is often followed by a compensatory anti-inflammatory response that can lead to immunosuppression. In this Review, the authors discuss advances in the understanding of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and how this understanding might lead to new, more effective treatments for sepsis.

    • Fabienne Venet
    •  & Guillaume Monneret

  • Review Article |

    Antibodies directed against non-HLA antigens such as angiotensin type 1 receptor, perlecan and collagen have been implicated in antibody-mediated rejection. Here, Elaine Reed and Qiuheng Zhang discuss the clinical relevance and pathogenesis of these non-HLA antibodies in renal, heart and lung transplantation.

    • Qiuheng Zhang
    •  & Elaine F. Reed

  • Review Article |

    Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is associated with renal and neurological injury. This Review summarizes the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of STEC-HUS and its acute and long-term effects on the kidney and central nervous system. The authors also describe the experience of a single centre that was affected by the STEC-HUS outbreak in Germany in 2011.

    • Howard Trachtman
    • , Catherine Austin
    •  & Rolf A. K. Stahl

  • Review Article |

    Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli-associated HUS and thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura are diseases characterized by microvascular thrombosis, with subsequent dysfunction of affected organs. In this Review, the authors discuss data indicating that complement dysregulation is a common pathogenetic effector of all three diseases, and describe the emerging evidence indicating that targeting complement may effectively treat these disease entities.

    • Marina Noris
    • , Federica Mescia
    •  & Giuseppe Remuzzi

  • Review Article |

    Although outcomes of renal transplantation have improved in recent times, kidney allograft loss remains substantial. A major advance of the past decade has been the demonstration of the destructive power of anti-HLA alloantibodies and their association with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The authors of this Review present the new entities and concepts that have emerged to expand our knowledge of the spectrum of ABMR and some aspects of the natural history of antibody-mediated kidney allograft deterioration.

    • Alexandre Loupy
    • , Gary S. Hill
    •  & Stanley C. Jordan

  • Review Article |

    A growing body of evidence indicates that monocytes, specifically intermediate (CD14++CD16+) monocytes, contribute to the development of atherogenesis and increase in number with worsening renal function. In this Review, Heine and colleagues on behalf of the EURECA-m working group of the ERA–EDTA, describe the developmental and functional characterization of monocyte subsets, with particular focus on prominent subsets in atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease.

    • Gunnar H. Heine
    • , Alberto Ortiz
    •  & Danilo Fliser

  • Review Article |

    Renal impairment is a common problem in patients with multiple myeloma. An early and rapid reduction in serum levels of free light chains (FLCs), achieved with the use of antimyeloma agents or direct removal of FLCs, has been shown to improve renal recovery in these patients. In this Review, the authors provide an update on new and current management approaches for reducing FLC levels in patients with myeloma-related acute kidney injury.

    • Colin A. Hutchison
    • , Joan Bladé
    •  & Christopher Winearls

  • Review Article |

    Antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is an autoimmune disorder that presents as raised titers of antibodies against the GBM, mostly together with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes of human anti-GBM disease, and discusses advances in our understanding of its pathogenesis.

    • Zhao Cui
    •  & Ming-Hui Zhao

  • Review Article |

    Inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy; however, the pathways, ligands and receptors involved in this condition are complex and only partially understood. The authors of this Review discuss the molecular networks that are implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy and describe how these pathways function in health and disease, as well as their importance in the identification and development of potential therapeutics.

    • Juan F. Navarro-González
    • , Carmen Mora-Fernández
    •  & Javier García-Pérez

  • Review Article |

    Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a key role in the regulation of innate immunity by mediating signal transduction pathways that modulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This Review discusses the potential role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of renal conditions such as acute kidney injury, acute glomerulonephritis, and renal transplant rejection. The authors also describe studies that have used pharmacological inhibition of TLR signaling to modify the response to proinflammatory stimuli.

    • Anna Gluba
    • , Maciej Banach
    •  & Jacek Rysz

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