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In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics, prognosis, biological mechanisms, detection methods and treatment options for liver metastasis in prostate cancer. Guidance for future research directions in the field is also provided.
Paternal substance use is associated with adverse effects on male reproductive health and offspring health outcomes. Comprehensive counselling by health-care providers and improved public health measures, especially targeting reproductive-age men, are needed.
Bladder cancer progression to microscopically distinct variants such as sarcomatoid, small cell, micropapillary and plasmacytoid is associated with more aggressive clinical behaviour than conventional carcinoma. Advances in molecular profiling led to the identification of molecular subtypes of bladder cancer and provided insights into disease progression to aggressive variants.
Monogenic causes account for up to 20% of nephrolithiasis instances and are crucial for developing targeted treatments. Whole-exome sequencing, genome-wide association, candidate gene, and in vitro and animal functional studies are crucial to identify these mutations. Therapies targeting monogenic variants, such as RNA-interference-based treatments, have been successfully used to treat monogenic disorders.
Ferroptosis induction is a promising new therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer. In this Perspective, the authors discuss the interplay between ferroptosis and metabolism. Current efforts to target ferroptosis and combination therapies in prostate cancer, as well as emerging methods to monitor this process in patients, are also discussed.
Centralization of care for penile cancer has been underscored in the 2023 updated EAU–ASCO guidelines. Expertise consolidation enhances patient care, addressing penile cancer complexities from diagnosis to treatment. Centralization initiatives, like the European Reference Networks, and dedicated scientific societies have crucial roles in guiding centralized care pathways to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
In this Review, the authors describe mechanisms through which metabolic disorders and metabolic-related hormonal status affect testes metabolism, spermatogenesis and male fertility. New findings on metabolic-related epigenetic signatures and paternal transgenerational inheritance of metabolic disorders are also discussed.
Autonomous surgical robots have the potential to transform surgery and increase access to quality health care. Advances in artificial intelligence have produced robots mimicking human demonstrations. This application might be feasible for surgical robots but is associated with obstacles in creating robots that emulate surgeon demonstrations.
Robot-assisted kidney transplantation is gaining momentum in kidney transplantation programmes as an alternative approach to patients with end-stage renal disease. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of available evidence on robot-assisted kidney transplantation, particularly in clinically challenging scenarios.
The growing global burden of genitourinary cancers is disproportionately shouldered by low- and middle-income countries. Medical journals offer an avenue for discourse among different stakeholders to strategize and identify solutions. Thus, achieving diversity in this context is crucial to put together a heterogeneous group of stakeholders with diverse personal and cultural experiences as well as distinct problem-solving approaches.
In this Perspective, the authors discuss the idea of targeting histone modifications in bladder cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of findings from preclinical and translational studies. Clinical trials in which the efficacy of molecules targeting histone modifiers was assessed in bladder cancer are also discussed.
The evaluation and management of patients with small renal masses continue to evolve as new data-driven evidence emerges. Contemporary research in biomarkers, imaging, and machine learning shows promise in improving the understanding of small renal masses.
