Abstract
The concept that viral sensing systems, via their ability to drive pro-inflammatory cytokine and interferon production, contribute to the development of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease is supported by a wide range of clinical and experimental observations. Recently, the tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIMs) have emerged as having key roles in antiviral immunity — either as viral restriction factors or as regulators of pathways downstream of viral RNA and DNA sensors, and the inflammasome. Given their involvement in these pathways, we propose that TRIM proteins contribute to the development and pathology of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions, thus making them potential novel targets for therapeutic manipulation.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Science Foundation Ireland (grants 05/PICA/B815 and 08/IN.1/B2091) and the Health Research Board, Ireland (grant PHD/2007/11) for financial support associated with this work.
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Supplementary information
Supplementary Figure 1
TRIM structure and genomic clusters. (PDF 253 kb)
Supplementary Figure 2
TRIM family and domain structures. (PDF 323 kb)
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Jefferies, C., Wynne, C. & Higgs, R. Antiviral TRIMs: friend or foe in autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease?. Nat Rev Immunol 11, 617–625 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3043
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3043