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Epigenetic mechanisms that underpin metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

Peter D. Gluckman, Mark A. Hanson, Tatjana Buklijas, Felicia M. Low & Alan S. Beedle

An organism's ability to match its phenotypic development with its environment is partly determined by epigenetic marks that are established in early life and modulate gene expression during development and maturity. A mismatch between the inducing and the mature environment may result in inappropriate patterns of epigenetic marks and of gene expression that increase the organism's susceptibility to disease. The authors review the relationships between environmental influences during mammalian development, epigenetic changes and metabolic and cardiovascular disease, and discuss the implications for prevention and treatment of these chronic noncommunicable diseases.

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Stress and disorders of the stress system

George P. Chrousos

Physical or emotional effects that potentially threaten homeostasis activate various compensatory mechanisms coordinated by the stress system. This article provides an overview of the conceptual evolution and current understanding of homeostasis and stress, the main effectors and targets of the stress response and the effects of stress on the organism.

Current Issue

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Reproductive endocrinology: Male hormonal contraceptive passes efficacy test in China

John K. Amory

Traditional methods of male contraception, such as condoms and vasectomy, are unacceptable to many couples as they can be unreliable or the effects not easily reversed. Depot administration of male hormonal contraception could provide a safe, effective, reliable and reversible alternative, report researchers in China.

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