Advance online publication


The latest research papers, published online ahead of print. These online versions are definitive and may be cited using the digital object identifier (DOI).

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Production of interleukin 22 but not interleukin 17 by a subset of human skin-homing memory T cells

Thomas Duhen, Rebekka Geiger, David Jarrossay, Antonio Lanzavecchia & Federica Sallusto

Published online: 05 July 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1767

Helper T cells become polarized to effect a 'division of labor'. Sallusto and Spits and colleagues identify a new subset of skin-homing helper T cells, TH-22 cells, that secrete interleukin 22.


Identification of a human helper T cell population that has abundant production of interleukin 22 and is distinct from TH-17, TH1 and TH2 cells

Sara Trifari, Charles D Kaplan, Elise H Tran, Natasha K Crellin & Hergen Spits

Published online: 05 July 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1770

Helper T cells become polarized to effect a 'division of labor'. Sallusto and Spits and colleagues identify a new subset of skin-homing helper T cells, TH-22 cells, that secrete interleukin 22.


Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell–stimulating programs in basophils

Kang Chen, Weifeng Xu, Melanie Wilson, Bing He, Norman W Miller, Eva Bengtén, Eva-Stina Edholm, Paul A Santini, Poonam Rath, April Chiu, Marco Cattalini, Jiri Litzman, James B Bussel, Bihui Huang, Antonella Meini, Kristian Riesbeck, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Alessandro Plebani & Andrea Cerutti

Published online: 28 June 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1748

Mature B cells express immunoglobulin D, but its function is unknown. Cerutti and colleagues show that respiratory mucosal B cells secrete immunoglobulin D, which activates basophils and enhances antimicrobial function.


Essential function for the GTPase TC21 in homeostatic antigen receptor signaling

Pilar Delgado, Beatriz Cubelos, Enrique Calleja, Nuria Martínez-Martín, Angel Ciprés, Isabel Mérida, Carmen Bellas, Xosé R Bustelo & Balbino Alarcón

Published online: 28 June 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1749

Tonic antigen receptor signaling contributes to the homeostasis of naive lymphocytes. Alarcón and colleagues show that resting lymphocytes transmit tonic antigen receptor signals through the GTPase TC21 to trigger the PI(3)K pathway.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades macrophage defenses by inhibiting plasma membrane repair

Maziar Divangahi, Minjian Chen, Huixian Gan, Danielle Desjardins, Tyler T Hickman, David M Lee, Sarah Fortune, Samuel M Behar & Heinz G Remold

Published online: 28 June 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1758

Macrophages infected with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis die by necrosis. Remold and colleagues show that virulent M. tuberculosis promotes necrosis by damaging the plasma membrane and inhibiting its repair.


Mina, an Il4 repressor, controls T helper type 2 bias

Mariko Okamoto, Melanie Van Stry, Linda Chung, Madoka Koyanagi, Xizhang Sun, Yoshie Suzuki, Osamu Ohara, Hiroshi Kitamura, Atsushi Hijikata, Masato Kubo & Mark Bix

Published online: 28 June 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1747

Mouse strains show varying inherent biases to T helper type 2 (TH2) responses. Bix and colleagues identify Mina, a jumonji C protein, as a negative regulator of the gene encoding interleukin 4 whose expression inversely correlates with TH2 bias.


The impact of negative selection on thymocyte migration in the medulla

Marie Le Borgne, Ena Ladi, Ivan Dzhagalov, Paul Herzmark, Ying Fang Liao, Arup K Chakraborty & Ellen A Robey

Published online: 21 June 2009 | doi:10.1038/ni.1761

Self-reactive thymocytes are eliminated through negative selection in the thymic medulla. Robey and colleagues find that autoreactive thymocytes show slower and more confined migration than that of polyclonal thymocytes in the medulla.


Until print versions of AOP papers are published, they should be cited in the style "Author(s) Nature Immunology advance online publication, day month year (doi:10.1038/niXXXXX)". Once the print version (identical to the AOP) is published, it should be cited as follows: "Author(s) Nature Immunology volume, page (year); advance online publication, (doi:10.1038/niXXXXX)".

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