Translation articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article |

    Slippery mRNA sequences CC[C/U]-[C/U] are prone to +1 frameshift (+1FS) errors during mRNA translation. Here, the authors show that +1FS errors occur predominantly when CC[C/U]-[C/U] are placed at the second sense codon, and that error suppression requires m1G37-tRNA and the translation factor EF-P.

    • Howard B. Gamper
    • , Isao Masuda
    •  & Ya-Ming Hou

  • Article
    | Open Access

    To what extent translational control can contribute to global gene expression patterns in the disease state is poorly defined. Here the authors conduct genome-wide RNA-seq and ribosome profiling in a rat model of hypertension and uncover altered translation patterns in disease associated genes.

    • Sebastian Schafer
    • , Eleonora Adami
    •  & Norbert Hubner

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as a conduit for intercellular communication through the exchange of cellular materials without direct cell-to-cell contacts. Here the authors develop a multiplexed reporter system that allows monitoring of EV exchange, cargo delivery and protein translation between different cell populations.

    • Charles P. Lai
    • , Edward Y. Kim
    •  & Xandra O. Breakefield

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Borrelidin is an antibiotic with antimicrobial, antifungal, antimalarial and immunosuppressive activity that targets threonyl-tRNA synthetase. Here the authors show that borrelidin functions by preventing binding of all three ThrRS substrates and inducing a distinct, non-productive, conformation of the enzyme.

    • Pengfei Fang
    • , Xue Yu
    •  & Min Guo

  • Article |

    Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a key regulator of endocannabinoid signalling. Here, the authors develop a knock-in mouse that recapitulates a common human mutation in the FAAH gene and demonstrate parallel neural and behavioural alterations across species, suggesting a gain-of-function in fear regulation.

    • Iva Dincheva
    • , Andrew T. Drysdale
    •  & Francis S. Lee

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Cellular pathways modulating longevity and stress resistance are known to affect protein translation. Here the authors show that the RNA methyltransferase, Nsun5, or its yeast homologue Rcm1, regulates lifespan of three different model organisms by modifying ribosomal RNA at a specific cytosine residue.

    • Markus Schosserer
    • , Nadege Minois
    •  & Johannes Grillari

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Accurate loading of amino acids to their cognate tRNA is essential to avoid mistranslation during protein synthesis, which has been linked to human diseases. Here, Lu et al. present a Drosophilamodel that demonstrates the necessity of two distinct ‘sieves’ to ensure accurate amino acid loading for proper development.

    • Jiongming Lu
    • , Martin Bergert
    •  & Beat Suter

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Here the authors demonstrate that the differential regulation of eIF4E1 and eIF4E3 by the MAPK-interacting kinases is involved in DLBCL aetiology through modification of the cellular translatome.

    • Ari L. Landon
    • , Parameswary A. Muniandy
    •  & Ronald B. Gartenhaus

  • Article |

    Cyclodipeptide synthases hijack aminoacyl tRNAs to produce various cyclic dipeptides—the biosynthetic precursors of several secondary metabolites. Here, the authors solved the crystal structure of a cyclodipeptide synthase bound to a reaction intermediate analogue and provide novel insights into the mechanism of synthesis.

    • Mireille Moutiez
    • , Emmanuelle Schmitt
    •  & Muriel Gondry

  • Article |

    Translational bypassing occurs when the ribosome skips nucleotides downstream of a take-off codon and re-initiates protein synthesis at a location further down on the mRNA. Here, Samatova et al.show that translational bypassing of bacteriophage T4 gene60 mRNA is specified both by the mRNA sequence and the nascent peptide.

    • Ekaterina Samatova
    • , Andrey L. Konevega
    •  & Marina V. Rodnina

  • Article |

    Ribosome-associated protein biogenesis factors act during protein synthesis to facilitate modification, targeting and folding of the nascent polypeptide. Here, Bornemann et al.establish the dynamic interplay between these factors, thus providing new insight into the early steps of protein biogenesis.

    • Thomas Bornemann
    • , Wolf Holtkamp
    •  & Wolfgang Wintermeyer

  • Article |

    Axon growth requires exocyst-dependent membrane expansion, however it is unclear how this process is spatially regulated. Gracias et al.show that axonal translation of the exocyst regulator TC10 is necessary for stimulated membrane growth, and propose that local translation coordinates membrane and cytoskeletal enlargement.

    • Neilia G. Gracias
    • , Nicole J. Shirkey-Son
    •  & Ulrich Hengst

  • Article |

    Our understanding of ribosome biogenesis is limited by a lack of structural knowledge of assembly intermediates. Here, Leidig et al.report a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a pre-60S particle that suggests that substantial rearrangements of the 5S RNP are required during ribosome maturation.

    • Christoph Leidig
    • , Matthias Thoms
    •  & Roland Beckmann

  • Article |

    The speed of codon translation at the ribosome has a large bearing on the structure of the final protein, with faster rates thought to promote misfolding. Here the authors present a theoretical analysis suggesting that in some cases fast-translating codons may instead improve cotranslational folding.

    • Edward P. O’Brien
    • , Michele Vendruscolo
    •  & Christopher M. Dobson

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Mitochondrial ribosomes are uniquely affected by mutations in the mitochondrial genome. By mapping the position of ribosomes on transcripts, the authors here reveal functional differences between mitochondrial and cytosolic ribosomes, and show that mutations in mitochondrial tRNAs induce ribosome stalling.

    • Koos Rooijers
    • , Fabricio Loayza-Puch
    •  & Reuven Agami

  • Article |

    Toxin–antitoxin systems have been implicated in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, the authors study the function of the M. tuberculosistoxin VapC20 and show that it can impair protein translation and inhibit bacterial growth by cleaving the Sarcin–Ricin loop of 23S rRNA

    • Kristoffer S. Winther
    • , Ditlev E. Brodersen
    •  & Kenn Gerdes

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Artificial genetic circuits have been designed to enable precise control of cellular behaviour and phenotypes. Saito and colleagues present a new RNA module that can invert the function of a translational OFF to an ON switch and demonstrate its utility in mammalian cells.

    • Kei Endo
    • , Karin Hayashi
    •  & Hirohide Saito

  • Article |

    Genetic effects on gene expression by variants at expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), can contribute to human genetic diseases. Here, Liet al. present a method to study eQTLs with effects on protein translation on a transcriptome-wide scale.

    • Quan Li
    • , Angeliki Makri
    •  & Hui-Qi Qu

  • Article |

    Erm methyltransferases confer antimicrobial drug resistance and their expression is induced by macrolides. Gupta et al.show that Erm-catalysed modification of rRNA affects synthesis of some proteins and reduces cell fitness, explaining why expression of Erm is deleterious in the absence of antibiotics.

    • Pulkit Gupta
    • , Shanmugapriya Sothiselvam
    •  & Alexander S. Mankin

  • Article |

    Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 generates an antibiotic targeting pathogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, enabling its use as a biocontrol to prevent infection of crops. Here the authors show that this antibiotic inhibits leucyl-tRNA synthetases via an unusual mechanism that depends on binding of tRNALeu.

    • Shaileja Chopra
    • , Andrés Palencia
    •  & John S. Reader

  • Article
    | Open Access

    RNase P is a key enzyme implicated in transfer RNA maturation that removes the 5′-leader sequences from transfer RNA precursors. In this study, a biophysical characterization of a novel protein-only variant of RNase P, known as PRORP (PROteinaceous RNase P), reveals that transfer RNA recognition by PRORP is similar to that by ribonucleoprotein RNase P.

    • Anthony Gobert
    • , Franziska Pinker
    •  & Philippe Giegé

  • Article |

    The antibiotic streptomycin increases errors in protein translation, but it is unclear how streptomycin exerts its effect on the ribosome. Demirci et al. present X-ray crystal structures that reveal conformational changes induced by streptomycin, which may inspire future efforts in antibiotics design.

    • Hasan Demirci
    • , Frank Murphy IV
    •  & Gerwald Jogl

  • Article |

    Proteins can undergo folding while being translated by the ribosome, and the extent of this folding is influenced by the rate at which amino acids are added to the nascent chain. This study provides a framework for predicting domain folding probabilities as a function of the kinetics of amino-acid addition.

    • Edward P. O'Brien
    • , Michele Vendruscolo
    •  & Christopher M. Dobson

  • Article
    | Open Access

    What controls the binding partner selection of the target of rapamycin protein, TOR, is unknown. Using theCaenorhabditis elegans tail as a model, Nukazuka et al. determine that signals of semaphorin through plexin control the binding partner selection of TOR and are required for the correct organization of rays in the tail.

    • Akira Nukazuka
    • , Shusaku Tamaki
    •  & Shin Takagi

  • Article |

    Uridines at the wobble position of transfer RNA anticodons are usually modified to allow efficient decoding of messenger RNA codons. In this study, ALKBH8 is shown to be a bifunctional transfer RNA modification enzyme required for the formation of a novel diastereomeric pair of modified wobble uridines.

    • Erwin van den Born
    • , Cathrine B. Vågbø
    •  & Pål Ø. Falnes

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The control of cell fate and apoptosis is a continuing challenge in synthetic biology. In this study, systems are developed in which an intracellularly expressed genome-encoded protein simultaneously achieves up- and downregulation of two distinct apoptosis pathways.

    • Hirohide Saito
    • , Yoshihiko Fujita
    •  & Tan Inoue

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