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| Open AccessHigh-mobility semiconducting polymers with different spin ground states
Semiconducting polymers with high-spin at their neutral ground state are rarely reported. Here the authors synthesize three semiconducting polymers with different spin ground states and high hole/electron mobility, by appropriate choice of the building blocks’ singlet-triplet energy gap, spin distributions and solid-state interchain interactions.
- Xiao-Xiang Chen
- , Jia-Tong Li
- & Ting Lei
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Article
| Open AccessRed edge effect and chromoselective photocatalysis with amorphous covalent triazine-based frameworks
Chromoselective catalysis offers an intriguing opportunity to enable a specific reaction pathway in photocatalysis. Here, the authors look into the ability of covalent triazine frameworks to enable the synthesis of different organic compounds by using safer red light instead of harsh UV light.
- Yajun Zou
- , Sara Abednatanzi
- & Aleksandr Savateev
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| Open AccessSymmetry collapse due to the presence of multiple local aromaticity in Ge244−
Gaining insight on the structural transformations from atomic clusters to bulk materials is challenging. Here the authors synthesize a continuous cluster of germanium Ge244−, which can be viewed as two terminal Ge9 units bridged via a Ge6 central fragment, and characterize it by several techniques including X-ray diffraction; theoretical analysis indicates the presence of three aligned independent aromatic fragments.
- Hong-Lei Xu
- , Nikolay V. Tkachenko
- & Zhong-Ming Sun
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Article
| Open AccessChiral photochemistry of achiral molecules
The authors report non-adiabatic first principles molecular dynamics to show how an achiral molecule can be converted to a chiral one upon photoexcitation. These results demonstrate the possibility of asymmetric photochemistry starting from achiral reactants.
- Umberto Raucci
- , Hayley Weir
- & Todd J. Martínez
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| Open AccessThe stability of covalent dative bond significantly increases with increasing solvent polarity
Non covalent complexes are often considerably destabilized in the solvent. Here the authors combine vibrational Raman and NMR spectroscopy with a coupled-cluster computational investigation to show that the solvent polarity enhance the complex stability of a Me3NBH3 complex.
- Rabindranath Lo
- , Debashree Manna
- & Pavel Hobza
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| Open AccessInsights into the activity of single-atom Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
It is of high importance to understand the origin of single-atom Fe-N4 activity in oxygen reduction reaction. Here, the authors provide a model to understand the catalytic activity of Fe-N4 site from the spatial structure and energy level of the frontier orbitals by density functional theory calculations.
- Kang Liu
- , Junwei Fu
- & Min Liu
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Article
| Open AccessUsing automated synthesis to understand the role of side chains on molecular charge transport
Development of organic electronic materials relies on understanding structure-function relationships in conjugated polymers but the synthetic workload to make large numbers of new compounds presents a practical barrier to properly survey conjugated organic derivatives. Here, the authors use automated synthesis to prepare a library of conjugated oligomers with systematically varied side chain composition followed by single-molecule characterization of charge transport.
- Songsong Li
- , Edward R. Jira
- & Charles M. Schroeder
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| Open AccessChemically identifying single adatoms with single-bond sensitivity during oxidation reactions of borophene
Here, the authors report the use of ultrahigh vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to characterize the oxidation processes of monolayer borophene with atomic-scale resolution and single-bond sensitivity, demonstrating the potential of the technique for probing the local chemistry of surface adsorbates on low-dimensional materials.
- Linfei Li
- , Jeremy F. Schultz
- & Nan Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessDoubly linked chiral phenanthrene oligomers for homogeneously π-extended helicenes with large effective conjugation length
Helically twisted conductive nanocarbon materials are applicable to optoelectronic and electromagnetic molecular devices but the design of nanocarbons with an absorption edge in the low energy region is challenging. Here, the authors report the synthesis of a helically fused oligophenanthrenes and demonstrate an increased effective conjugation length leading to an absorption edge in the NIR region.
- Yusuke Nakakuki
- , Takashi Hirose
- & Kenji Matsuda
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Article
| Open AccessDriving chemical reactions with polariton condensates
Molecules that collectively exhibit laser-like phenomena at room temperature offer exciting prospects for the future of chemical synthesis. Here, the authors study hybrid light-molecule systems that show such a laser-like state known as a vibrational polariton condensate, and theoretically observe a large effect of this state on chemical reactivity at room temperature.
- Sindhana Pannir-Sivajothi
- , Jorge A. Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo
- & Joel Yuen-Zhou
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| Open AccessDirect investigation of the reorientational dynamics of A-site cations in 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite by solid-state NMR
The reorientational dynamics of A-site cations in two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites play an important role in determining their physical properties. Here the authors use solid state NMR and isotope labelling to reveal multiple modes of reorientational motions of methylammonium cations and the role of structural rigidity of the organic spacers on their dynamics.
- Cheng-Chieh Lin
- , Shing-Jong Huang
- & Tsyr-Yan Yu
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Article
| Open AccessRapid age-grading and species identification of natural mosquitoes for malaria surveillance
Knowing the age of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes is important to understand transmission risk as only old mosquitoes can transmit the disease. Here, the authors develop a method based on mid-infrared spectra of mosquito cuticle that can rapidly identify the species and age class of main malaria vectors.
- Doreen J. Siria
- , Roger Sanou
- & Francesco Baldini
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Article
| Open AccessAmmonia dimer: extremely fluxional but still hydrogen bonded
The long-standing question whether ammonia dimer is hydrogen bonded is solved by first-principles quantum mechanical calculations. The authors show that the dimer is extremely fluxional, but the probability of hydrogen-bonded configurations prevails.
- Jing Aling
- , Krzysztof Szalewicz
- & Ad van der Avoird
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| Open AccessDual-gated single-molecule field-effect transistors beyond Moore’s law
Conventional silicon-based transistors, which sit at the heart of every computer, are fast approaching the limit of miniaturisation. Here, Meng et al demonstrate a field-effect transistor composed of a single rutheniumdiarylethene molecule with large on/off ratio.
- Linan Meng
- , Na Xin
- & Xuefeng Guo
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| Open AccessPicosecond pulse-shaping for strong three-dimensional field-free alignment of generic asymmetric-top molecules
Field-free 3D alignment of complex molecules is an important step toward the imaging of molecular dynamics. Here, the authors demonstrate pulse-shaping of long picosecond pulses for the 3D field-free alignment of the prototypical non-rotation-symmetric molecule indole.
- Terry Mullins
- , Evangelos T. Karamatskos
- & Jochen Küpper
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Article
| Open AccessExcellently balanced water-intercalation-type heat-storage oxide
There are few well-balanced heat storage materials up to date. Here, the authors report that δ-type K0.33MnO2 ∙ nH2O can be an excellently balanced heat storage material exhibiting a “water-intercalation mechanism”.
- Takuya Hatakeyama
- , Norihiko L. Okamoto
- & Tetsu Ichitsubo
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| Open AccessPressure-induced liquid-liquid transition in a family of ionic materials
Liquid−liquid transitions (LLTs) have been reported for some molecular systems but are difficult to observe under high pressure conditions. Here the authors report and characterize a first-order LLT in a series of ionic liquids containing the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation and anions of different sizes and shapes, using calorimetric and dielectric measurements.
- Zaneta Wojnarowska
- , Shinian Cheng
- & Marian Paluch
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Article
| Open AccessAl13− and B@Al12− superatoms on a molecularly decorated substrate
Anionic aluminium clusters are promising candidates for the fabrication of superatom-assembled nanomaterials. Here, the authors report enhanced stability for Al13− and boron-doped B@Al12− on a molecularly decorated p-type organic substrate.
- Masahiro Shibuta
- , Tomoya Inoue
- & Atsushi Nakajima
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| Open AccessPhotoinduced bond oscillations in ironpentacarbonyl give delayed synchronous bursts of carbonmonoxide release
The photodissociation of transition metal carbonyls is involved in catalysis and synthetic processes. Here the authors, using semi-classical excited state molecular dynamics, observe details of the early stage dynamics in the photodissociation of Fe(CO)5, including synchronous bursts of CO at periodic intervals of 90 femtoseconds.
- Ambar Banerjee
- , Michael R. Coates
- & Michael Odelius
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| Open AccessUptake of N2O5 by aqueous aerosol unveiled using chemically accurate many-body potentials
The reactive uptake of N2O5 to aqueous aerosol is a major loss channel for nitrogen oxides in the troposphere. Here authors report a theoretical investigation on the N2O5 uptake into aqueous aerosol and determine the hydrolysis rates by numerically solving a molecularly detailed reaction–diffusion equation.
- Vinícius Wilian D. Cruzeiro
- , Mirza Galib
- & Andreas W. Götz
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Article
| Open AccessAnisotropic fluid with phototunable dielectric permittivity
Light stimuli are widely used to control material properties, yet it remains challenging to reversibly photocontrol the dielectric permittivity. Nishikawa et al. achieve this goal in an anisotropic fluid via its liquid crystal phase transition induced by isomerization of an azobenzene-tethered phototrigger.
- Hiroya Nishikawa
- , Koki Sano
- & Fumito Araoka
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| Open AccessInverse design of 3d molecular structures with conditional generative neural networks
The targeted discovery of molecules with specific structural and chemical properties is an open challenge in computational chemistry. Here, the authors propose a conditional generative neural network for the inverse design of 3d molecular structures.
- Niklas W. A. Gebauer
- , Michael Gastegger
- & Kristof T. Schütt
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Article
| Open AccessPhotochemistry of the pyruvate anion produces CO2, CO, CH3–, CH3, and a low energy electron
Pyruvic acid and its conjugate base, the pyruvate anion, are largely present in the atmosphere. Here the authors, using photoelectron imaging and quantum chemistry calculations, investigate the photochemistry of isolated pyruvate anions initiated by UVA radiation and report the formation of CO2, CO, and CH3− further decomposing into CH3 and a free electron.
- Connor J. Clarke
- , Jemma A. Gibbard
- & Basile F. E. Curchod
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Article
| Open AccessSuperresolution concentration measurement realized by sub-shot-noise absorption spectroscopy
Here, the authors use entangled photon pairs as the light source for absorption spectroscopy and demonstrate sub-shot-noise spectra in the entire visible wavelength region. They quantify chemical species in highly diluted solutions with precision beyond the limit of conventional spectroscopy.
- Korenobu Matsuzaki
- & Tahei Tahara
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Article
| Open AccessFacet-dependent electrooxidation of propylene into propylene oxide over Ag3PO4 crystals
The electrooxidation of propylene into propylene oxide is important in many industrial sectors. Here, the authors demonstrate efficient and facet-selective formation of propylene oxide using Ag3PO4 cubes and investigate the reaction mechanism.
- Jingwen Ke
- , Jiankang Zhao
- & Zhigang Geng
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Article
| Open AccessAnalysis of vibronic coupling in a 4f molecular magnet with FIRMS
For molecular magnets and qubits, coupling between vibrations and electronic spins has a strong influence on spin state lifetime. Here, Kragskow et al present direct measurements of the vibronic transitions in a molecular magnet, showing the critical role of an “envelope effect” in the spectra.
- Jon G. C. Kragskow
- , Jonathan Marbey
- & Nicholas F. Chilton
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Article
| Open AccessUltrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D covalent organic frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst
Re complexes within covalent organic frameworks have emerged as promising photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Here, authors identify a high-energy electron transfer pathway during CO2 reduction that results in longer-lived excited states than a low-energy electron transfer pathway.
- Qinying Pan
- , Mohamed Abdellah
- & Kaibo Zheng
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| Open AccessTime- and site-resolved kinetic NMR for real-time monitoring of off-equilibrium reactions by 2D spectrotemporal correlations
Time-resolved NMR spectra provide unique structural and dynamical information, but their measurement in systems undergoing chemical reactions is challenging. Here the authors, combining single-scan spectroscopic imaging, rapid mixing and continuous flow techniques, obtain chemically resolved snapshots of a reacting system throughout the reaction coordinate.
- Michael J. Jaroszewicz
- , Mengxiao Liu
- & Lucio Frydman
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| Open AccessUnconventional excited-state dynamics in the concerted benzyl (C7H7) radical self-reaction to anthracene (C14H10)
The reaction of benzyl radical self-reaction to anthracene opens-up a previously overlooked avenue for a more efficient synthesis of aromatic, multi-ringed structures via excited state dynamics in the gas phase.
- Ralf. I. Kaiser
- , Long Zhao
- & Alexander M. Mebel
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Article
| Open AccessAssociative detachment in anion-atom reactions involving a dipole-bound electron
Associative electronic detachment (AED) reactions of anions play a key role in many natural processes. Here, Hassan and colleagues investigate AED reactions between hydroxyl anions and ultracold rubidium atoms in a hybrid atom-ion trap, revealing different dynamics for collisions with ground and electronically excited state rubidium.
- Saba Zia Hassan
- , Jonas Tauch
- & Matthias Weidemüller
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Article
| Open AccessDissolving salt is not equivalent to applying a pressure on water
By advanced machine learning techniques, first-principles simulations find that dissolving salt in water does not change water structure drastically. It is contrary to the notion of “pressure effect” which has been widely applied over past 25 years.
- Chunyi Zhang
- , Shuwen Yue
- & Xifan Wu
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Article
| Open AccessTailoring the coercive field in ferroelectric metal-free perovskites by hydrogen bonding
All-organic perovskites exhibit structural tunability and solution-processability, but are disadvantaged by a lower coercive field compared to inorganic ones. Here, the authors demonstrate that modulating hydrogen bond strength in such perovskites can generate a large coercive field.
- Hwa Seob Choi
- , Shunning Li
- & Kian Ping Loh
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Article
| Open AccessPredicting the efficiency of oxygen-evolving electrolysis on the Moon and Mars
Oxygen production using electrolysis will be critical for life support and refueling on the Moon and Mars. Herein, electrolysis under lunar and Martian gravity was found to be less efficient than electrolysis under Earth’s gravity, and predictable from data obtained using ground-based systems.
- Bethany A. Lomax
- , Gunter H. Just
- & Mark D. Symes
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| Open AccessIdentification of CO2 adsorption sites on MgO nanosheets by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
The characterization of the surface structure and binding sites of materials is crucial for designing advanced materials for adsorption processes. Here, the authors use 17O solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify specific CO2 adsorption sites on MgO nanosheets.
- Jia-Huan Du
- , Lu Chen
- & Luming Peng
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Article
| Open AccessInternal Stark effect of single-molecule fluorescence
The internal Stark effect, a shift of the spectral lines of a chromophore induced by electrostatic fields in its close environment, plays an important role in nature. Here the authors observe a Stark shift in the fluorescence spectrum of a phthalocyanine molecule upon charge modifications within the molecule itself, achieved by sequential removal of the central protons with a STM tip.
- Kirill Vasilev
- , Benjamin Doppagne
- & Guillaume Schull
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Article
| Open AccessControl of electronic band profiles through depletion layer engineering in core–shell nanocrystals
Surface states, and the combination of suitable materials, induce spatial gradients in the carrier density of doped metal oxide nanocrystals, affecting their electronic structure and plasmonic behavior. Here the authors demonstrate depletion layer engineering and control in ITO/In2O3 core–shell nanocrystals by tuning the shell thickness or by photodoping.
- Michele Ghini
- , Nicola Curreli
- & Ilka Kriegel
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Article
| Open AccessDetermining the charge distribution and the direction of bond cleavage with femtosecond anisotropic x-ray liquidography
Tracking the flow of charge in reacting molecules may provide key insight into reaction mechanisms, but is particularly challenging in liquid solutions. Here the authors, by analyzing the isotropic and anisotropic scattering signal in femtosecond time resolved X-ray liquidography, determine the charge localization and structural changes during photodissociation of the triiodide anion I3-
- Jun Heo
- , Jong Goo Kim
- & Hyotcherl Ihee
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Article
| Open AccessLiquid-microjet photoelectron spectroscopy of the green fluorescent protein chromophore
The electronic structures of photoactive proteins underlie many natural photoinduced processes. The authors, using UV liquid-microjet photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations, determine electron detachment energies of the green fluorescent protein chromophore in aqueous solution, approaching conditions of the protein environment.
- Omri Tau
- , Alice Henley
- & Helen H. Fielding
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Article
| Open AccessAmino acid gas phase circular dichroism and implications for the origin of biomolecular asymmetry
Chiroptical properties of amino acids are challenging to investigate in the gas phase due to the low vapor pressure of these molecules. Here the authors succeed in measuring circular dichroism active transitions and anisotropies in the ultraviolet range for several gas-phase amino acids, shedding light on the interactions between molecules and circularly polarized light that lead to chiral symmetry breaking.
- Cornelia Meinert
- , Adrien D. Garcia
- & Uwe J. Meierhenrich
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Article
| Open AccessControlling the helicity of π-conjugated oligomers by tuning the aromatic backbone twist
One approach to altering the properties of π-conjugated oligomers is conformational engineering, in which the degree of rotation around the bonds linking monomers is restricted. Here the authors apply the conformational engineering approach on individual monomers using tethers of varying lengths to twist the aromatic units, and study the effects of varying the angles.
- Anjan Bedi
- , Amit Manor Armon
- & Ori Gidron
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Article
| Open AccessExperimental identification of aminomethanol (NH2CH2OH)—the key intermediate in the Strecker Synthesis
The Strecker synthesis is considered a viable route to amino acids formation on the primordial Earth. Here the authors succeed in observing its elusive intermediate aminomethanol, formed by insertion of an electronically excited oxygen atom in methylamine and stabilized by an icy matrix, using isomer-selective photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry during thermal desorption of the ice mixture.
- Santosh K. Singh
- , Cheng Zhu
- & Ralf I. Kaiser
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Article
| Open AccessMapping the broadband circular dichroism of copolymer films with supramolecular chirality in time and space
Time-resolved circular dichroism spectra can reveal changes in chirality on ultrashort time scales, but achieving sub-picosecond time resolution is still a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate 100-femtosecond time-resolved CD mapping of polyfluorene copolymer thin films, revealing a supramolecular origin of their chiroptical response.
- Marius Morgenroth
- , Mirko Scholz
- & Thomas Lenzer
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Article
| Open AccessFollowing excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Imaging the charge flow in photoexcited molecules would provide key information on photophysical and photochemical processes. Here the authors demonstrate tracking in real time after photoexcitation the change in charge density at a specific site of 2-thiouracil using time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- D. Mayer
- , F. Lever
- & M. Gühr
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Article
| Open AccessEvolution of microscopic heterogeneity and dynamics in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents
Tailoring the macroscopic properties of deep eutectic solvents requires knowing how these depend on the local structure and microscopic dynamics. The authors, with computational and experimental tools spanning a wide range of space- and timescales, shed light into the relationship between micro and macroscopic properties in glyceline and ethaline.
- Stephanie Spittle
- , Derrick Poe
- & Joshua Sangoro
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Article
| Open AccessTracking excited state decay mechanisms of pyrimidine nucleosides in real time
The photophysical mechanism by which nucleosides dissipate energy after UV light irradiation is still under debate. Here the authors, using ultrafast time resolved optical spectroscopies and quantum chemical computations, resolve the early steps of such mechanism in uridine and 5-methyluridine in aqueous solution.
- Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- , Artur Nenov
- & Giulio Cerullo
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Article
| Open AccessA different perspective for nonphotochemical quenching in plant antenna complexes
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) protects photosynthetic complexes from damage due to excess light. Here the authors explore different conformations of the plant CP29 light harvesting complex, showing how protein tuning of carotenoid excitation energies and carotenoid-chlorophyll interactions account for NPQ.
- Edoardo Cignoni
- , Margherita Lapillo
- & Benedetta Mennucci
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of the ponderomotive effect in non-valence bound states of polyatomic molecular anions
The ponderomotive effect experienced by electrons in a molecule under a transient electric field impacts the reactivity, but has been difficult to detect. The authors observe a ponderomotive force on the excess quasi-free electron in the non-valence bound state of three molecular anions, by measuring the photodetachment spectrum under irradiation with a non-resonant wavelength.
- Do Hyung Kang
- , Jinwoo Kim
- & Sang Kyu Kim
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Article
| Open AccessFreezing of few nanometers water droplets
Ice nucleation in confined geometries is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but difficult to characterize. Here the authors investigate experimentally the freezing of water nanodroplets surrounded by octane in nanopores down to 2 nm, and demonstrate that the soft curved oil-water interface suppresses heterogeneous ice nucleation, which occurs at a lower temperature than homogenous bulk nucleation.
- Alireza Hakimian
- , Mohammadjavad Mohebinia
- & Hadi Ghasemi