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Pheromone-based communication influences the production of somatic extracellular vesicles in C. elegans
Extracellular vesicles are fundamental in cellular communication. Here, authors show how C. elegans pheromones regulate vesicle production, showcasing the impact of social behaviors on cellular mechanisms.
- Agata Szczepańska
- , Katarzyna Olek
- & Michał Turek
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Cell-fate conversion of intestinal cells in adult Drosophila midgut by depleting a single transcription factor
The mechanisms underlying cell plasticity remain poorly understood. Here, Guo et.al discover that intestinal cells in the fly gut can alter their fates through the loss of a single gene, and identify several molecular barriers to cell reprogramming.
- Xingting Guo
- , Chenhui Wang
- & Rongwen Xi
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Polycomb-mediated silencing of miR-8 is required for maintenance of intestinal stemness in Drosophila melanogaster
Intestinal physiology requires a balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Here, the authors show that this balance is regulated epigenetically by a dynamic relationship between the evolutionarily conserved PRC2, miR-8 and Notch signaling.
- Zoe Veneti
- , Virginia Fasoulaki
- & Aristides G. Eliopoulos
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The emergence of circadian timekeeping in the intestine
Circadian rhythms are present in cells throughout the body but how these develop is poorly understood. Here, using Drosophila genetics and single cell analysis, authors find that the intestinal clock emerges after development is complete, and that differentiation disrupts its function.
- Kathyani Parasram
- , Amy Zuccato
- & Phillip Karpowicz
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Evolutionarily related host and microbial pathways regulate fat desaturation in C. elegans
Fatty acid desaturation is central to metazoan lipid metabolism. Here, using C. elegans as a model, the authors show that both endogenous and microbiota-dependent small molecule signals converge to promote lipid desaturation via the nuclear receptor NHR-49/PPARα.
- Bennett W. Fox
- , Maximilian J. Helf
- & Frank C. Schroeder
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Evolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids
Chemosensory tissues are remarkably variable between species but the cause of this diversity is unclear. Here, the authors conduct transcriptomic analyses of chemosensory tissues from diverse Drosophila species, revealing evidence of stabilizing selection and recent species- and sex-specific changes.
- Gwénaëlle Bontonou
- , Bastien Saint-Leandre
- & J. Roman Arguello
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Drosophila activins adapt gut size to food intake and promote regenerative growth
While activins are critical regulators of early development, their role in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis remains obscure. Here the authors explore the role of activins in promoting intestinal regeneration and nutrient-dependent gut resizing in Drosophila.
- Christian F. Christensen
- , Quentin Laurichesse
- & Ditte S. Andersen
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Innate immune and proinflammatory signals activate the Hippo pathway via a Tak1-STRIPAK-Tao axis
The evolutionally conserved Hippo pathway regulates essential developmental, homeostatic and regenerative processes, and is involved in the host defense against pathogens. Here authors show that in Drosophila Melanogaster and mammalian cells, innate immune stimuli activate Hippo via a pathway emanating from the Tak1 kinase and cascading down to Hippo via STRIPAK-Tao-Hpo signaling.
- Yinan Yang
- , Huijing Zhou
- & Bo Liu
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Ancient diversity in host-parasite interaction genes in a model parasitic nematode
Host-parasite interactions can lead to negative frequency-dependent selection. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of H. bakeri and H. polygyrus, parasites of house and wood mice, respectively, and find that proteins that interact with the host immune response are often highly diverse.
- Lewis Stevens
- , Isaac Martínez-Ugalde
- & Mark Blaxter
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N-terminal acetylation shields proteins from degradation and promotes age-dependent motility and longevity
The most common protein modification in eukaryotes is N-terminal acetylation, but its functional impact has remained enigmatic. Here, the authors find that a key role for N-terminal acetylation is shielding proteins from ubiquitin ligase-mediated degradation, mediating motility and longevity.
- Sylvia Varland
- , Rui Duarte Silva
- & Thomas Arnesen
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Prolonging somatic cell proliferation through constitutive hox gene expression in C. elegans
Somatic cells in C. elegans stop dividing after completing their normal lineage at the end of development. Here, Heinze et al. show that constitutive expression of a hox gene prolongs proliferation beyond the restriction imposed by the cell lineage.
- Svenia D. Heinze
- , Simon Berger
- & Alex Hajnal
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The endoribonuclease Arlr is required to maintain lipid homeostasis by downregulating lipolytic genes during aging
Fat is generally considered to have a negative effect on longevity but lipids can be beneficial for longevity. Here the authors show that fly Arlr endoribonuclease affects lipid metabolism by degrading the mRNAs of lipolysis genes.
- Xiaowei Sun
- , Jie Shen
- & Dan Wang
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Reactivation of a somatic errantivirus and germline invasion in Drosophila ovaries
Yoth et al. report that some mobile retrovirus-like genetic elements, errantiviruses, pose a threat to genome integrity when reactivated in somatic gonadal tissue, showing that they can infect the oocyte and transpose into the germline genome.
- Marianne Yoth
- , Stéphanie Maupetit-Méhouas
- & Emilie Brasset
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Nacα protects the larval fat body from cell death by maintaining cellular proteostasis in Drosophila
Protein homeostasis is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Here, the authors show that proteotoxic stress caused by Nacalpha mutants specifically and progressively induces cell death in the apoptosis-resistant Drosophila larval fat body.
- Takayuki Yamada
- , Yuto Yoshinari
- & Takashi Nishimura
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Early-adulthood spike in protein translation drives aging via juvenile hormone/germline signaling
The transient elevation in protein translation during early-adulthood in Drosophila imposes long-lasting negative impacts on future aging trajectories by triggering proteostatic dysfunction at old ages.
- Harper S. Kim
- , Danitra J. Parker
- & Andrew M. Pickering
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Cisplatin toxicity is counteracted by the activation of the p38/ATF-7 signaling pathway in post-mitotic C. elegans
In contrast to mammalian cells, C. elegans models can be useful because of cells being post-mitotic in adults. Here the authors show activation of the p38 pathway in cisplatin resistant adult animals and characterise the proteins upstream and downstream of the p38 MAPK signalling pathway that are involved in the cisplatin response.
- Dorota Raj
- , Bashar Kraish
- & Peter Naredi
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The dynamic nature of netrin-1 and the structural basis for glycosaminoglycan fragment-induced filament formation
In this work, the authors report that heparin oligosaccharides have a significant impact on the highly dynamic behaviour of netrin-1 by inducing hierarchical and distinct super assemblies leading to unique, yet unknown netrin-1 filament formation.
- Markus Meier
- , Monika Gupta
- & Jörg Stetefeld
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Hedgehog is relayed through dynamic heparan sulfate interactions to shape its gradient
The Hedgehog morphogen creates gradients during development, but diffusion alone cannot explain its spatiotemporal dynamics. Hedgehog transport requires binding heparan sulfate sugar chains, and the authors now show that Hedgehogs can spread by interacting with sequential heparan molecules.
- Fabian Gude
- , Jurij Froese
- & Kay Grobe
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Sex-specificity of the C. elegans metabolome
Biological sex affects all aspects of animal physiology. Using the model C. elegans, the authors show that metabolomes are highly sex-specific and include a vast space of yet unidentified metabolites that may control development and lifespan.
- Russell N. Burkhardt
- , Alexander B. Artyukhin
- & Frank C. Schroeder
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Thermosensation in Caenorhabditis elegans is linked to ubiquitin-dependent protein turnover via insulin and calcineurin signalling
Sensation of environmental changes is vital for organismal homeostasis. Here, the authors report that protein degradation in the gut of Caenorhabditis elegans is regulated through insulin and calcineurin signalling upon neuronal sensation of temperature changes.
- Alexandra Segref
- , Kavya L. Vakkayil
- & Thorsten Hoppe
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A Dilp8-dependent time window ensures tissue size adjustment in Drosophila
Mechanisms ensuring developmental precision are poorly understood. Here Blanco-Obregon et al. report reciprocal feedback between Dilp8 and Ecdysone, two hormones required during a precise time window of Drosophila development for organ size adjustment.
- D. Blanco-Obregon
- , K. El Marzkioui
- & L. Boulan
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A single WNT enhancer drives specification and regeneration of the Drosophila wing
The wing is a remarkable evolutionary novelty in insects. Here the authors demonstrate that the specification and regenerative capacity of the wing relies on a single wing-specific enhancer of the wingless gene in Drosophila.
- Elena Gracia-Latorre
- , Lidia Pérez
- & Marco Milán
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Profilin and Mical combine to impair F-actin assembly and promote disassembly and remodeling
Actin-based structures in cells and tissues are built and maintained through a poorly understood balance between assembly and disassembly. Here, our findings provide insights into how factors known to promote these opposing effects dynamically integrate to shape cells and tissue systems.
- Elena E. Grintsevich
- , Giasuddin Ahmed
- & Jonathan R. Terman
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Mapping the biosynthetic pathway of a hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide in a metazoan
The only known animal polyketide-nonribosomal peptides, the nemamides, are biosynthesized by two megasynthetases in the canal-associated neurons (CANs) of C. elegans. Here, the authors map the biosynthetic roles of individual megasynthetase domains and identify additional enzymes in the CANs required for nemamide biosynthesis.
- Likui Feng
- , Matthew T. Gordon
- & Rebecca A. Butcher
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Hakai is required for stabilization of core components of the m6A mRNA methylation machinery
The E3 ligase Hakai can interact with the m6A methylation machinery but its function is still unclear. Here, the authors show that Hakai is a conserved component of the m6A methyltransferase complex and provide functional and molecular insights into its role in regulating m6A levels in Drosophila.
- Praveen Bawankar
- , Tina Lence
- & Jean-Yves Roignant
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The steroid-hormone ecdysone coordinates parallel pupariation neuromotor and morphogenetic subprograms via epidermis-to-neuron Dilp8-Lgr3 signal induction
Pupariation in Drosophila is triggered by the steroid-hormone ecdysone and requires coordination between associated behavioral and body-reshaping motor subprograms. The authors show that coordination requires ecdysone-dependent Dilp8-Lgr3 signaling between the cuticle epidermis and interneurons.
- Fabiana Heredia
- , Yanel Volonté
- & Alisson M. Gontijo
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Subcellular three-dimensional imaging deep through multicellular thick samples by structured illumination microscopy and adaptive optics
Optical aberrations in Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) can lead to loss of resolution and artifacts making it unsuitable for thick samples. Here the authors combine Adaptive Optics and SIM (AO-3DSIM) to improve the 3D resolution and reduce artifacts, performing 3D-SIM in C.elegans.
- Ruizhe Lin
- , Edward T. Kipreos
- & Peter Kner
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Cryopreservation method for Drosophila melanogaster embryos
The development of a widely adopted cryopreservation method remains a major challenge in Drosophila melanogaster research. Here the authors report a robust cryopreservation protocol of Drosophila embryos and showcase its implementation in 25 distinct strains from different sources.
- Li Zhan
- , Min-gang Li
- & John Bischof
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Cell-type-specific profiling of loaded miRNAs from Caenorhabditis elegans reveals spatial and temporal flexibility in Argonaute loading
C. elegans miRNAs associate with AGO proteins ALG-1 and ALG-2. Here the authors provide a map of miRNAs loaded into ALG-1 and ALG-2 from intestine, body wall muscles and nervous system in C. elegans providing insights into spatial and temporal AGO loading flexibility.
- Christopher A. Brosnan
- , Alexander J. Palmer
- & Steven Zuryn
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The decrease of intraflagellar transport impairs sensory perception and metabolism in ageing
Sensory perception and metabolic homeostasis are known to deteriorate with ageing, while mechanisms underlying their deterioration remain poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that decrease of intraflagellar transport in the cilia of sensory neurons impairs sensory perception and metabolism in ageing C. elegans.
- Yincong Zhang
- , Xiaona Zhang
- & Yidong Shen
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Neuronal fragile X mental retardation protein activates glial insulin receptor mediated PDF-Tri neuron developmental clearance
Glia are involved in remodelling of neural circuits during development. Here, the authors show that FMRP is required within neurons to activate glial insulin receptor to facilitate Draper- and Shrub-dependent neuronal clearance during neurodevelopment in Drosophila.
- Dominic J. Vita
- , Cole J. Meier
- & Kendal Broadie
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Dynamic sex chromosome expression in Drosophila male germ cells
Sex chromosome gene content and expression is unusual. Here the authors use single cell RNA-Seq on Drosophila larvae to demonstrate that the single X and pair of 4th chromosomes are specifically inactivated in primary spermatocytes, while genes on the single Y chromosome become maximally active in primary spermatocytes.
- Sharvani Mahadevaraju
- , Justin M. Fear
- & Brian Oliver
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UPRmt scales mitochondrial network expansion with protein synthesis via mitochondrial import in Caenorhabditis elegans
The mitochondrial network expands to accommodate cell growth, but how scaling occurs is unclear. Here, the authors show in C. elegans that ATFS-1 mitochondrial import is reduced when mitochondrial proteins are highly expressed, activating the unfolded protein response and causing expansion.
- Tomer Shpilka
- , YunGuang Du
- & Cole M. Haynes
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An original infection model identifies host lipoprotein import as a route for blood-brain barrier crossing
Bacterial and fungal pathogens that cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) can cause severe disease. Here, Benmimoun et al. develop a model to study BBB crossing in the developing Drosophila brain and discover Group B Streptococcus factors important for BBB crossing and virulence, one of which, a lipoprotein, they confirm in mice.
- Billel Benmimoun
- , Florentia Papastefanaki
- & Pauline Spéder
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Metabolic cross-feeding in imbalanced diets allows gut microbes to improve reproduction and alter host behaviour
In the fly Drosophila melanogaster commensal bacteria and dietary essential amino acids control food choice behavior. Here, by using chemically defined diets and metabolomics, the authors show that Acetobacter pomorum (Ap) and Lactobacilli plantarum (Lp) engage in a mutualistic metabolic relationship to overcome detrimental diets, and identify Ap as the bacterium altering the host’s feeding decisions.
- Sílvia F. Henriques
- , Darshan B. Dhakan
- & Carlos Ribeiro
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Sub-nanowatt resolution direct calorimetry for probing real-time metabolic activity of individual C. elegans worms
Calorimetry is widely used for metabolic studies, but measurements of single cells and small organisms are limited by the sensitivity of current techniques. Here the authors develop a sensitive platform for performing time-resolved metabolic measurements of single C. elegans worms from larval to adult stages.
- Sunghoon Hur
- , Rohith Mittapally
- & Edgar Meyhofer
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Symmetry group factorization reveals the structure-function relation in the neural connectome of Caenorhabditis elegans
The 302-neuron connectome of the nematode C. elegans has been completely mapped, yet the design principles that explain how the connectome structure determines its function are unknown. Here, the authors show that physical principles of symmetry and mathematical tools of symmetry groups can be used to understand C. elegans neural locomotion circuits.
- Flaviano Morone
- & Hernán A. Makse
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Rapid metabolic shifts occur during the transition between hunger and satiety in Drosophila melanogaster
The relationship between metabolomic and behavioral changes is not well understood. Here, the authors analyze metabolome changes in D. melanogaster heads and bodies during hunger and satiety, and develop the Flyscape tool to visualize the resulting metabolic networks and integrate them with other omics data.
- Daniel Wilinski
- , Jasmine Winzeler
- & Monica Dus
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The marginal cells of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx scavenge cholesterol and other hydrophobic small molecules
The C. elegans nematode worm is a filter-feeder and requires dietary sources of cholesterol. Here, the authors show that the C. elegans pharynx works as a filter to scavenge hydrophobic small molecules from its surrounding liquid environment.
- Muntasir Kamal
- , Houtan Moshiri
- & Peter J. Roy
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KLF-1 orchestrates a xenobiotic detoxification program essential for longevity of mitochondrial mutants
Cytochrome P450 oxidases (CYPs) are enzymes that participate in the xenobiotic detoxification and their expression is enhanced in long-lived model organisms. Here the authors show that KLF-1 promotes cyp expression and ensures lifespan extension in C. elegans mitomutants by activating mitohormesis.
- Marija Herholz
- , Estela Cepeda
- & Aleksandra Trifunovic
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The longevity-promoting factor, TCER-1, widely represses stress resistance and innate immunity
Resistance to stress is often associated with increased longevity. Using the model organism C. elegans the authors here show that TCER-1 enhances lifespan while at the same time increasing sensitivity to a number of biotic and abiotic stressors.
- Francis R. G. Amrit
- , Nikki Naim
- & Arjumand Ghazi
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Dietary fatty acids promote lipid droplet diversity through seipin enrichment in an ER subdomain
Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles that are initiated and expanded by seipins at ER contact sites. Here the authors show that the C. elegans seipin ortholog SEIP-1 is recruited to these sites by certain dietary fatty acids to support the expansion of a subset of LDs.
- Zhe Cao
- , Yan Hao
- & Ho Yi Mak
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Sensory perception of dead conspecifics induces aversive cues and modulates lifespan through serotonin in Drosophila
Different sensory experiences can affect longevity in Drosophila. Here the authors find that exposure of Drosophila directly to dead conspecifics affects longevity via a serotonergic mechanism, and that Drosophila exposed to dead conspecifics also become an aversive stimulus to naïve choosers.
- Tuhin S. Chakraborty
- , Christi M. Gendron
- & Scott D. Pletcher
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A fat-tissue sensor couples growth to oxygen availability by remotely controlling insulin secretion
The mechanisms by which organisms adapt their growth according to the availability of oxygen are incompletely understood. Here the authors identify the Drosophila fat body as a tissue regulating growth in response to oxygen sensing via a mechanism involving Hph inhibition, HIF1-a activation and insulin secretion.
- Michael J. Texada
- , Anne F. Jørgensen
- & Kim F. Rewitz
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ASPP proteins discriminate between PP1 catalytic subunits through their SH3 domain and the PP1 C-tail
Serine/threonine phosphatases such as PP1 associate with a large array of subunit proteins, such as ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) to achieve selective targeting. Here authors solved the crystal structure of the human ASPP2/PP1 complex and explain how ASPP2 can distinguish between PP1 isoforms.
- M. Teresa Bertran
- , Stéphane Mouilleron
- & Nicolas Tapon
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Article
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BMP-dependent synaptic development requires Abi-Abl-Rac signaling of BMP receptor macropinocytosis
BMP ligands act as retrograde signalling molecules to regulate presynaptic development, and regulation of BMP receptors by endocytosis may be an important component of this signalling pathway. Here, the authors show that Abi-mediated macropinocytosis of BMP receptors in Drosophila larva and contributes to neuromuscular development.
- Najin Kim
- , Sungdae Kim
- & Seungbok Lee
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Quantifying post-transcriptional regulation in the development of Drosophila melanogaster
Proteome and transcriptome often show poor correlation, hindering the system-wide analysis of post-transcriptional regulation. Here, the authors study proteome and transcriptome dynamics during Drosophila embryogenesis and present basic mathematical models describing the temporal regulation of most protein-RNA pairs.
- Kolja Becker
- , Alina Bluhm
- & Stefan Legewie
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Engulfing cells promote neuronal regeneration and remove neuronal debris through distinct biochemical functions of CED-1
It is unclear how removal of axon debris and initiation of axon regeneration following nerve injury is co-regulated. In this study, the authors show that the extracellular domain (ECD) of the engulfment receptor, CED-1, functions as an adhesion molecule to promote axonal regeneration after injury, independent of its function in phagocytosis
- Hui Chiu
- , Yan Zou
- & Chieh Chang
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Differential lateral and basal tension drive folding of Drosophila wing discs through two distinct mechanisms
Epithelial folding has mainly been linked to forces acting in the apical actomyosin network of cells. Here, the authors show using live imaging that two distinct mechanisms, changes in basal surface tension and changes in lateral surface tension, drive the formation of two folds in the Drosophila wing disc.
- Liyuan Sui
- , Silvanus Alt
- & Christian Dahmann
Persistent TFIIH binding to non-excised DNA damage causes cell and developmental failure