Featured
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Review Article |
Functional brain networks in the evaluation of patients with neurodegenerative disorders
Advances in neuroimaging research have enabled the development of predictive models that integrate information from multiple brain systems. Here, Perovnik, Rus and colleagues discuss the detection and validation of neurodegenerative disease-specific functional brain networks and consider their relationship to pathological processes and disease-related genotypes.
- Matej Perovnik
- , Tomaž Rus
- & David Eidelberg
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News & Views |
MRI predicts cognitive training effects in multiple sclerosis
Cognitive rehabilitation is a promising approach to limit the effect of cognitive impairment on patients with multiple sclerosis, although results so far are conflicting. A new study indicates that structural and functional MRI techniques could provide reliable measures to predict treatment responses and tailor the rehabilitative approach to each patient.
- Massimo Filippi
- & Paolo Preziosa
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News & Views |
Brain changes after COVID-19 — how concerned should we be?
Analysis of brain images taken before and after infection with SARS-CoV-2 suggests that even mild COVID-19 is associated with brain structure alterations and cognitive impairment. However, the clinical implications for individuals are unclear and further studies are needed to assess the generalizability of the findings and whether the effects are long-lasting.
- Stéphane Kremer
- & H. Rolf Jäger
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Research Highlight |
Charting brain development across the human lifespan
A recent paper published in Nature reports on an ambitious project to construct standardized charts to aid recognition of typical and atypical development of the human brain.
- Heather Wood
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Research Highlight |
Slowly expanding lesions are linked to multiple sclerosis progression
- Heather Wood
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Review Article |
Multimodal brain and retinal imaging of dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson disease
In vivo imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of Parkinson disease (PD) are important for the development of new therapies. The authors review recent advances in brain and retinal imaging in PD, focusing particularly on multimodal approaches with applications at the prodromal stage.
- Jee-Young Lee
- , Antonio Martin-Bastida
- & Beomseok Jeon
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Research Highlight |
Brain imaging illuminates cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
- Heather Wood
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News & Views |
The Parkinson disease connectome — insights from new imaging studies
During Parkinson disease progression, the accumulation of α-synuclein pathology is paralleled by changes in structural and functional connectivity in the brain. Two new studies pinpoint specific alterations in the brain connectome in the early stages of Parkinson disease and suggest future avenues of research to develop connectome-based biomarkers.
- Florian Krismer
- & Klaus Seppi
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Review Article |
Applications of machine learning to diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
In this Review, the authors describe the latest developments in the use of machine learning to interrogate neurodegenerative disease-related datasets. They discuss applications of machine learning to diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic development, and the challenges involved in analysing health-care data.
- Monika A. Myszczynska
- , Poojitha N. Ojamies
- & Laura Ferraiuolo
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News & Views |
The expanding role of MRI in neuromuscular disorders
Muscle imaging is increasingly important in the management of neuromuscular diseases, and techniques are becoming ever more sophisticated. Three new studies demonstrate the advances being made in diagnostic and quantitative muscle imaging, including the incorporation of artificial intelligence for image analysis.
- Pierre G. Carlier
- & Harmen Reyngoudt
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Review Article |
Perivascular spaces in the brain: anatomy, physiology and pathology
In this Review, Wardlaw et al. discuss the anatomy, physiology and pathology of perivascular spaces, particularly as seen with MRI in humans, and consider translation from models to humans to highlight knowns, unknowns, controversies and clinical relevance.
- Joanna M. Wardlaw
- , Helene Benveniste
- & Sandra E. Black
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Consensus Statement
| Open Access
MAGNIMS consensus recommendations on the use of brain and spinal cord atrophy measures in clinical practice
In this Consensus statement, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS (MAGNIMS) study group reviews the application of brain and spinal cord atrophy in clinical practice in the management of MS and makes consensus statements and recommendations for future research.
- Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- , Deborah Pareto
- & Àlex Rovira
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News & Views |
Towards artificial intelligence for clinical stroke care
Artificial intelligence algorithms are well suited to the fast decision making needed in the management of large vessel occlusive stroke. In a new study, a fully automated CT angiography algorithm identified large vessel occlusions with impressive sensitivity, but the work highlights the need for high reporting standards to maximize translatability.
- Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi
- & Michael H. Lev
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Review Article |
Traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury: pathological insights from neuroimaging
In this Review, David et al. discuss the ability of advanced quantitative MRI techniques to identify secondary degenerative changes induced by spinal cord injury and assess the suitability of these techniques for predicting patient outcome.
- Gergely David
- , Siawoosh Mohammadi
- & Patrick Freund
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In Brief |
The central vein sign as a clinical diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis
- Sarah Lemprière
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Review Article |
Chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis — seeing what was always there
In this Review, Matthews considers how advanced imaging techniques are enabling in vivo visualization of chronic CNS inflammation in multiple sclerosis that has previously been identified in histopathological studies.
- Paul M. Matthews
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News & Views |
Can imaging extend the thrombolytic time window after stroke?
A new trial has demonstrated the benefits of intravenous thrombolysis, guided by perfusion imaging, 4.5–9.0 h after stroke onset and in individuals with wake-up stroke. In addition to extending the time window for thrombolysis after acute ischaemic stroke, these findings could aid the refinement of imaging and thrombolytic protocols.
- Min Lou
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Research Highlight |
Sequential amyloid-β and tau accumulation foreshadows cognitive decline
- Heather Wood
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In Brief |
Abnormal gyrification patterns present before symptoms in C9orf72 expansion carriers
- Rebecca Kelsey
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In Brief |
Iron deposition in periaqueductal grey matter as a biomarker of chronic migraine
- Rebecca Kelsey
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Year in Review |
New therapeutic developments for Parkinson disease
In 2018, developments in Parkinson disease (PD) research yielded improved diagnostic criteria and provided evidence for the effects of some treatments, both old and new. These developments enrich the treatment options available for PD and are likely to change important guideline recommendations.
- Günther Deuschl
- & Rob M. A. de Bie
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Year in Review |
Bad news and good news in AD, and how to reconcile them
2018 saw the failure of several large clinical trials that were based on the premise that reduction of amyloid-β levels is an effective treatment for symptomatic Alzheimer disease. Yet, over the same time period, good news also emerged about the diagnostic value of tau PET imaging.
- David S. Knopman
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Year in Review |
Targeting progression in multiple sclerosis — an update
In 2018, the distinguishing pathological features of white matter lesions in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) were refined, and serological and MRI biomarkers of clinical worsening and evolution to progressive MS were identified. We also saw therapeutic advances in progressive MS with the emergence of new neuroprotective strategies and putative markers of neurodegeneration.
- Maria A. Rocca
- & Massimo Filippi
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Review Article |
Dementia with Lewy bodies — from scientific knowledge to clinical insights
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) causes about one-tenth of all instances of dementia. This Review considers the substantial progress made in the basic and clinical research in DLB within the past few years, with discussion of the definition, pathology, genetics, prognosis, clinical features and current and future treatment of DLB.
- Nikitas A. Arnaoutoglou
- , John T. O’Brien
- & Benjamin R. Underwood
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In Brief |
Parkinson disease gene therapy rewires brain circuits to improve motor function
- Charlotte Ridler
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Review Article |
Biological insights from the premonitory symptoms of migraine
Premonitory symptoms of migraine can start hours to days before the onset of headache. In this Review, Karsan and Goadsby discuss the phenotypes of these premonitory symptoms and the insights that they provide into the neurobiology of migraine.
- Nazia Karsan
- & Peter J. Goadsby
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Research Highlight |
Artificial intelligence accelerates detection of neurological illness
- Charlotte Ridler
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News & Views |
Multimodal imaging in RBD — present and future
Multimodal imaging in neurodegenerative disorders can provide insights on structural, functional and neurochemical alterations that might not be possible via clinical testing alone. New findings on multimodal imaging in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) have implications for the relationship between iRBD, the clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease and the underlying substrate of Lewy body disease, particularly for understanding the pathophysiology and designing disease-modifying therapies.
- Bradley F. Boeve
- & Kejal Kantarci
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Review Article |
Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with highly heterogeneous clinical symptoms. This Review considers how new advances in structural and functional neuroimaging have revealed ways in which focal lesions can affect remote brain regions and lead to global dysfunction, resulting in the variable presentation of SVD.
- Annemieke ter Telgte
- , Esther M. C. van Leijsen
- & Frank-Erik de Leeuw
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Research Highlight |
Neuroimaging model predicts time of symptom onset in sporadic AD
- Charlotte Ridler
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Review Article |
Protecting the ischaemic penumbra as an adjunct to thrombectomy for acute stroke
Despite advances in the treatment of ischaemic stroke, functional outcomes are still suboptimal in many patients. Baron discusses approaches to further limit the spread of brain ischaemia by ‘freezing’ the penumbra — that is, the at-risk but not yet infarcted tissue.
- Jean-Claude Baron
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Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments
Decreased NREM sleep linked with tauopathy
A clinically useful MRI marker of PD?
White matter pathology predicts cognitive decline in PD
Positive trials in ischaemic stroke reported at ESOC 2018
Prediction of cognitive decline in PD